Agricultural proverbs of summer solar terms.

The solar term of hot summer indicates the official start of the last month of summer. "When the warm wind suddenly comes, it is followed by extreme heat." The bright sun in Wan Li, the clear sky in Wan Li and the cicada singing heat wave are the distinctive features of this season.

Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty explains that "summer heat" means heat, and in another book it is also called "summer heat, boiling, and heat like cooking", which specifically discusses the origin of things. The image describes the characteristics of "sauna day" at this time, hot and humid. There has also been a saying among the people that "it is hot when the summer is small, and it is boiled when it is steamed". As the saying goes, "midsummer to sunset is in sansheng", and the first time in the "dog days", it fell on the summer solar terms. The high temperature and heat wave swept across the country, and the "steaming and baking" mode was started everywhere. The Book of Songs records that crickets go wild in July and go into space in August. At this time (August is the June of the summer calendar, the solar term of the hot summer), even the crickets left the field and hid in the corner of the yard for the summer.

People are keen on all kinds of seats and rankings. In the twenty-four solar terms, there are also differences between extreme cold and extreme heat, that is, extreme cold and extreme heat. "Is it hot or not? It's been hot for three days." The ancients thought that during the midsummer, the heat was still small and did not reach the extreme heat level, so it was called "Great Summer". However, China has a vast territory, and the climate characteristics in different regions are significantly different. Many people are interested in "Is the summer solar term hotter than the summer solar term?" Therefore, the author statistically analyzed the climatic data of more than 600 ground weather stations in China 196 1 2020, and found that the average temperature of summer hot solar terms is the highest in more than 80% of the country, followed by summer hot solar terms, and only Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other regions are the hottest. Therefore, the ancient division of summer heat and summer heat is still very applicable to most parts of China. The agricultural proverb "summer heat is connected with summer heat, and there is nowhere to hide."

When the rain is hot, everything grows wildly.

The frequent occurrence of rainstorm, local heavy precipitation and extreme precipitation events is another remarkable feature of summer solar terms. During the hot summer season, the southwest of South China and the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are affected by the Indian Ocean and the southwest of the South China Sea, and the northern region is affected by the southeast monsoon of the Pacific Ocean, all of which enter the rainy season, and the rainfall is obviously increased and relatively concentrated. At the same time, tropical cyclone activity and the convergence of cold and warm air masses lead to frequent extreme precipitation events. Most areas in the south have entered the season with the most thunderstorms, and large-scale heavy rainfall often occurs in North China, accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation, thunderstorms and strong winds. On the contrary, with the end of high temperature and rain in summer and the beginning of summer drought, the Jianghuai basin presents the characteristics of drought in the east and waterlogging in the west of South China. At the same time, the ancients also found that if the solar terms in Jianghuai area thunder and rain, it indicates that the plum rain will last for a period of time and there will be "plum falling" weather. Therefore, there are still "Little Xia Lei Plum Blossoms" circulating in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. It takes 18 days to pour Huangmei, and there are 72 wild Huangmei plants in estrus.

For plants, the simultaneous climatic conditions of intense heat, solar terms and rain and heat ensure the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants. At this time, everything grows wildly under the nourishment of nature's light and warm water. The agricultural proverb "in a little summer, the fruit will bear fruit;" This is the truth that "the summer heat is not hot, the grain is not fruitful" and "the rice in the pot on rainy days". At this time, we should pay special attention to the field management of preventing high temperature and heat damage, drought and flood, and pests and diseases in agricultural production.

Eat new vegetables in summer heat, and jiaozi eats sheep.

In the hot summer, the customs of "eating new dishes" and "offering sacrifices to the god of food" are very popular all over the south. After the newly cut rice is ground into rice, farmers cook a good meal for the grain gods and ancestors to express their gratitude for the bumper harvest and ancestors. In the meantime, please bless the good weather. The custom of "eating new food and offering sacrifices to the gods" in bamboo slips can be traced back to the end of the Song Dynasty. At that time, due to the war and famine, Hakkas moved south from the Central Plains, and their lives were constantly displaced. Later, after they settled in the south, in order to commemorate their ancestors, they formed the custom of eating new sacrifices with mature early rice in summer.

There is a saying in the northern region that "the first jiaozi covers, and the third egg spreads pancakes". It is the favorite food of jiaozi people in the north, and there must be jiaozi on holidays.

Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other regions have the custom of "supporting Yang Festival, eating and supporting Yang". Sheep Festival is a traditional festival in China. It is said that it began in the Yao and Shun era, began on the first day of autumn every year and ended in the late autumn. It has become one of the most important food festivals in China. Peng Zu Sheep Festival is held every year in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, and there is also a sheep culture festival in Shandong Province. 202 1 Xuzhou sheep-eating custom was included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects. "Mutton is ginseng in June (lunar calendar)", and the ancients thought that the nutritional value of mutton in Futian was extremely high. There is a popular saying in southern Shandong and northern Shandong, "Give sheep a bowl of soup in summer without a doctor prescribing medicine".

Xiao Shu pays attention to new food and meditation. In hot summer, complain less and observe more, listen to cicadas and enjoy the cool in the hot sun. With the passage of solar terms, nature has given Xiao Shu many interesting changes. When we look up in the busy life, we will see the sunset, the starry sky at night, the rainbow after the rain, the same crops in a day, and the casual cool breeze, which will bring us unexpected surprises.