All the masters of history please come here! There is a reward!

The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China and the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. Also known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Reunion Festival and August Festival. It is a traditional festival of Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China, and it is also popular in neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Because autumn (referring to the lunar calendar) is in July, August and September, August is in the middle of the year, and August 30th is in the middle of the year, it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. So there are more people in the sky than family reunion at night, so it is also called reunion festival.

Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the ancient custom of worshipping autumn in China and Yue Bai. The Book of Rites states that the son of heaven is in spring, and the sun and moon are in autumn. The Asahi is facing the DPRK, and the evening is in the evening. " "Moon at night" here means Yue Bai. It was formed in the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival became popular and was designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival. Ouyang Zhan (785-827 AD) said in Preface to Poems on the Moon in Chang 'an Opera: "August is in autumn. The beginning and end of the season; At night, the moon is in the clouds. Take it from the sky, it will be cold and hot, and take it from the number of months, it will be round, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. "

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the moonlight is bright. The ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, so August 15 was also called "Reunion Festival". Throughout the ages, people often use "full moon" and "lack of moon" to describe "joys and sorrows", and vagrants living in other places also rely on the moon to express their affection. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote poems such as "Looking up, it's moonlight, then leaning back, suddenly thinking about hometown", "Knowing that the dew is frost tonight, the moonlight at home is bright!" Du Fu's "Spring Breeze is Green in Jiang Nanan" and Wang Anshi's "When Will the Moon Shine on Me" in the Song Dynasty are all timeless masterpieces.

Mid-Autumn Festival, Lantern Festival and Dragon Boat Festival are also called the three traditional festivals in China. Investigating the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival is closely related to myths and legends such as "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "Wu Gang cutting Guangxi" and "Jade Rabbit smashing medicine". Therefore, the folk customs of Mid-Autumn Festival are mostly related to the moon. Watching the moon, Yue Bai and eating reunion moon cakes all originated from this. Ancient emperors had a social system of offering sacrifices to the moon in spring, and folks also had the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Later, it was more important to enjoy the moon than to sacrifice it, and serious sacrifice turned into light entertainment. The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and many poets wrote poems about the moon in their masterpieces. In the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yue Bai's court and folk activities to enjoy the moon were even larger. So far, there are many historical sites in China, such as Yue Bai Altar, Moon Pavilion and Moon Tower. The "Moon Altar" in Beijing was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was used for royal sacrifice to the moon. Whenever the moon rises in the Mid-Autumn Festival, a box is set up in the open air, with moon cakes, pomegranates, dates and other fruits on the console table. After Yue Bai, the family sat around the dining table, chatting while eating and enjoying the bright moon. Now, the activities of offering sacrifices to the moon in Yue Bai have been replaced by large-scale and colorful activities of enjoying the moon by the masses.

Eating moon cakes is another custom of festivals, symbolizing reunion. Since the Tang Dynasty, the making of moon cakes has become more and more exquisite. Su Dongpo wrote in a poem: "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, and there is pulp in the cake", and Yang Guang copied in Qing Dynasty: "Moon cakes are filled with peach meat and ice cream is sugar paste". It seems that the moon cakes at that time were quite similar to those now.

Usually, many people say that the Mid-Autumn Festival originated in the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. According to historical records: "Yesterday, Chang 'e took the medicine of the Queen Mother of the West to live forever, so she went to the moon with the essence of the moon. "Chang 'e paid hard labor for this move, and she can't return to the world for life. Li Bai was very sad for this, and wrote a poem: "The white rabbit pounded medicine in autumn, and came back to life in spring. Who is the female neighbor? " Although Chang 'e herself feels good about the Moon Palace, she can't bear loneliness. She returns to Earth to reunite with her husband all night on August 15 every year, but she must return to the Moon Palace before dawn. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the world not only wants to get together with Chang 'e on the moon, but also hopes that Chang 'e can come down to see her beauty. Therefore, when many people burn incense in Yue Bai, they pray that "men would like to leave themoon early and go to immortal laurel" ... women hope that they will look like Chang 'e and be as round as the bright moon. "Year after year, people celebrate this day as a festival.

Some people think that the Mid-Autumn Festival began when Emperor Tang Ming enjoyed the moon. The book "The Legacy of Kaiyuan" in the Tang Dynasty records that on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Tang and Yang Guifei played under the moon and swam to Xing. They went to the Moon Palace, where Tang learned half of the colorful feathers, and later supplemented them and became a masterpiece. Tang will never forget this trip to the Moon Palace. At this time of year, we should enjoy the moon. People follow suit and get together at the full moon to enjoy the beautiful scenery on the earth. Over time, it has become a tradition.

It has been suggested that the Mid-Autumn Festival was originally the anniversary of the uprising that overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people could not stand the government's rule. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, they wrote, "Kill Tatars and destroy the Yuan Dynasty; The note "Let's do it together on August 15" is hidden in a small round cake made of chromium and passed to each other. On the evening of August 15, every family United and overthrew the rule of the yuan dynasty. Later, every Mid-Autumn Festival, we all eat moon cakes to commemorate this historic victory.

It has also been suggested that the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival is related to agricultural production. Autumn is the harvest season. The word "autumn" is interpreted as "autumn when crops are ripe" In the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, crops and various fruits are maturing one after another. In order to celebrate the harvest and express their joy, farmers regard the Mid-Autumn Festival as a festival. "Mid-Autumn Festival" means the middle of autumn. August of the lunar calendar is a month in autumn, and the fifteenth is a day in the middle of next month.

The word Mid-Autumn Festival appears in Zhou Li, but it does not refer to the Mid-Autumn Festival, but refers to the second month of autumn. There was an "Autumn Festival" in the Han Dynasty, which was the day of beginning of autumn, not August 15th. There are four seasons and twelve festivals in the book of Tang Dynasty. There is no Mid-Autumn Festival, but there is a "Mid-Autumn Moon" in Tang poetry. "The Mid-Autumn Festival in August is full moon, and I will send you to the Mulan boat" (Wei Zhuang's "Send Li Xiu to Jingxi"). The Mid-Autumn Festival was clearly recorded for the first time by Wu Zishou of the Southern Song Dynasty. In his book Dream of Liang Lu, he said: "The Mid-Autumn Festival is on August 15th, and Sanqiu is halfway, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. This night, the moonlight is brighter than usual, also called' moonlight'. " The book also describes the grand occasion of enjoying the moon and visiting the night market in Lin 'an, Kyoto (now Hangzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Origin:

Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Yuan Ri:

Besides firecrackers, the spring breeze warms Tu Su.

Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones.

What do "new peach" and "old symbol" mean? In modern terms, it is the Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are a kind of couplets. How did China Spring Festival couplets develop?

As a unique literary form, Spring Festival couplets have a long history in China. It began in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has developed for more than a thousand years today.

As early as before the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a custom of hanging peach symbols around the gate every New Year. Fu Tao is two big boards made of peach wood, on which are written the names of the legendary gods and spirits who exorcise ghosts and suppress evil spirits. This custom lasted for more than 1000 years. It was not until the Five Dynasties that people began to put couplets on mahogany boards instead of the names of gods. According to historical records, on New Year's Eve in 964 AD, Meng Chang, the master of Houshu, wrote a couplet on the bedroom door, namely, "On New Year's Eve, Jia Jienuo. Changchun ",the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China.

After the Song Dynasty, it has become quite common for people to hang Spring Festival couplets in the New Year. Therefore, Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "January Day" that "thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones" was a true portrayal of the Spring Festival couplets at that time. Due to the close relationship between the appearance of Spring Festival couplets and Fu Tao, the ancients also called Spring Festival couplets "Fu Tao".

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, strongly advocated couplets. After establishing the capital of Jinling (now Nanjing), he ordered ministers, officials and ordinary people to write a couplet and put it on the door before New Year's Eve. Dressed in casual clothes, he went out door to door to watch the excitement. Scholars at that time also regarded couplets as elegant enjoyment, and writing Spring Festival couplets became a social fashion.

After entering the Qing Dynasty, couplets prevailed in Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang generations. Just like the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many famous couplets appeared.

With the development of cultural exchanges among countries, couplets were introduced to Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore and other countries. These countries still have the custom of pasting couplets.

Development:

Couplets are developed from the antithesis of regular poems, and retain some characteristics of regular poems. The ancients compared reciting poems with reciting poems, which reflected the relationship between them to some extent. Couplets require neat antithesis, smooth coordination, smooth ending of the first couplet and smooth ending of the second couplet. These characteristics are similar to those of regular poems, so some people call couplets paste poems. However, couplets are different from poems. They only have couplets. Generally speaking, they are more refined than poems, and the sentences are more flexible, long or short, and flexible. Couplets can be four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters, eight characters, nine characters, crosses and dozens of crosses. There are even hundreds of long couplets in ancient buildings in China. Whether the couplets are lyrical or lyrical requires the author to have a high generalization ability and the ability to control the characters, so as to be gentle and elegant in a few words, with both form and spirit, giving people the feeling of both ideological and artistic.

Classification:

Classification by purpose

Spring Festival couplets: special couplets for the New Year.

Couplets: used in houses, institutions, temples, historical sites and other places.

Greeting couplets: used for birthday, marriage, housewarming, having children, opening business and other festive occasions.

Elegiac couplet: used to mourn the dead.

Give couplets: praise or encourage others to use them.

Main hall couplets: couplets hung in conspicuous places in the living room and bedroom to match calligraphy and painting.

According to artistic characteristics

Overlap: the same word appears in succession.

Compound word combination: the same word appears discontinuously and repeatedly.

Thimble: The bottom word of the previous clause serves as the center word of the next clause.

Embedded couplets: including embedded ordinal number, orientation, solar terms, year number, surname, name, place name, name of things (such as medicines), etc.

Split couplets: split a combined word into several independent words; Some people divide it into "word segmentation, word combination and word analysis".

Phonological association: including homophones, homophones and rhyming words.

Humor association: take the meaning of humor.

Don't love: the meaning of couplets doesn't matter, but the words are neat. Most loveless couples are interesting and can be classified as humorous associations.

Palindrome: read backwards, read backwards, the meaning is exactly the same.

Part I: Good reading is not good reading.

Bottom line: A good book is not a good book.

This couplet was written by Xu Wei in Ming Dynasty. The first couplet refers to reading when I was young, but I don't like reading. I like reading when I am old, but I can't read well.

The first part: Idle people are not allowed to become sages.

Yuan Right: Thieves don't come to the road.

Xinlian: Fishing people don't come to work.

Wulian: sinners are not allowed to get drunk.

This couplet was written by a monk in Mingdan Mountain.

Part I: Ideal is not enjoyment.

Bottom line: The future is full of money.

Part one: watch plum blossoms sweep the snow.

Bottom line: the mountains are dancing and flowing.

The beauty of this couplet lies in its urgent reading, such as the scale:' Dolemi fasolasi'. The next couplet reads the numbers in dialect: "1234567".

The first part: the summer mouse cools the beam, and the cat strokes scare the summer mouse.

Yuan Right: Hungry chickens steal rice, tell children to pick up stones and beat hungry chickens.

Guyou: thirsty cranes make slaves shoot thirsty cranes.

This couplet is also called' Summer Rat Measuring Beam'.

The first part: the summer mouse cools the beam and the pen wall depicts the cat. The summer rat jumped along the eaves, hit the pile and died, and the cat ate the corpse.

Yuan Right: Missing!

I was right: the hungry chicken stole rice, the hungry chicken fled with the same child, and died when it touched the shed, and the arrow fell.

This couplet is a new couplet changed by netizens, and Yu Mian is right.

Part one: Chickens are eager to eat beans.

Bottom line: beams are cool in summer.

Part I: xixi Xixi Xixi Xi.

Bottom line: You can swim in the right skunk.

Part 1: Let's spend the summer together tonight.

Part II: Enjoy the flowers tomorrow.

The first part: a scholar, a farmer and a worker (palace).

Bottom line: cold and hot, warm and cool (good), respect and frugality.

Wulian: aluminum, copper, gold, molybdenum (wood), water, fire and earth.

This couplet is also an odd couplet. The first part is divided into two parts: scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce; Gong Shang jiao Yu The former is a four-industry, while the latter is a five-tone, homophonic word repetition. The primitive five virtues of cold and hot are four senses, and gentleness, courtesy and frugality are gentlemen. My aluminum, copper, gold and molybdenum are four metals, and Jin Mu's water, fire and earth are five elements.

Part I: Tour the West Lake, carrying an iron can, which falls to the West Lake, but it is precious to the iron can.

Yuan Right: Missing!

Gu You: Every Jia Zi, Jia Zi, Jia Zi meets Jia Zi, Jia Zi Jia Zi.

Wulian: After nine years, if you hold the wine bowl, you will lose it and regret it for a long time.

Wulian: crossing the child's eye, shooting the child's eye, killing the child's eye and hurting the child's eye.

Jiuwan: Jiuwan Creek of Three Gorges.

Part I: Mud, fertilizer and grain are still thin.

Bottom line: short nights are long.

This couplet is homophonic' Ni Fei monk is thin'; Ghost short hag long'.

Part one: It's illegal to cut hair again.

Bottom line: becoming a monk with a flail.

This couplet is used to satirize a monk for breaking the law.

Part I: How beautiful are flowers like lotus flowers?

Bottom line: Berries are more sour than plums.

Part I: Draw a temple, a temple, a wonderful temple.

Bottom line: The famous garden is Yuanmingyuan.

Part I: Agate is not a horse brain.

Bottom line: Ji Lang is not a wolf liver.

This alliance was established by Wang Hong of the Ming Dynasty.

Part I: When it rains heavily, I'm afraid of mud. Egg tofu is left to the son-in-law, and Mo Yan returns.

Original: None!

According to legend, when it rained in the Qing Dynasty, his father-in-law Zhong took in his son-in-law. It seems ordinary, but in fact it is well-intentioned and wonderful. Because of its clever use of homophonic puns, all couplets are ancient names. For: Xia Dayu: Xia; Ni: Confucius; Ji Dan: Zhou Wuwang's name; Du Fu and Liu Yuxi: poets in the Tang Dynasty; Mozi and Yan Hui: Disciples of Confucius. Because it is too difficult, it is said that no one can answer correctly so far.

The first part: I'm afraid of mud when it rains heavily, and I leave eggs and tofu to my son-in-law.

Original: None!

Wu Lian: I hurt my heel. I'm afraid to invade my body. An Qisheng has no medicine and no medicine.

This couplet is another version of the couplet. My homophonic businessman Zu Geng: Wang Shang's name; Ji Qinsheng: the name of Zheng Zhuanggong in the Spring and Autumn Period; Wuyi: General of Shu State in Three Kingdoms; Mei Yan: a character in the list of gods; An Qisheng: Han.

Part I: Wheat seeds are irrigated in heavy rain.

The sky is falling: Tian He will work on the arid plateau.

This couplet is homophonic Xia Dayu; Mozi philosopher in the Spring and Autumn Period (Mai and Homophony); Guan Zhong: a figure in the Spring and Autumn Period; Gaudi: Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang; Tian He, Master of Yi Studies in the Early Han Dynasty, Bigan, Minister of Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

The first part: Sinan women go to Tongren.

Bottom line: the chef will come.

This couplet was written by Wu Jinsan in Qing Dynasty. When friends go out here, it means that Sinan women go to Tongren, which is homophonic: thinking about men and women walking with people; Jin San pointed to the chef who served the food. It turned out that this chef was originally from Shangcai and later lived in Huili. He often goes back and forth between these two places. Homonym: the chef who serves stewed carp.

The first part: Modern scholars are short-sighted, and the imperial capital forbids trying Jinshi, but they wet their necks and wipe them with towels.

Original: None!

Part I: Looking for edible mussels by the water in Fo Yin.

Bottom line: Take it home from Dongpo River.

This couplet is a day when Dongpo takes his family out to play. He wrote this couplet when he met Fo Yin digging clams by the river. Homophonic: Fo Yin is looking for "delicious" food by the water. When Fo Yin heard this, Dongpo took his family with him. Homonym: Dongpo River brought' cangue'.

Part I: The Yangtze River crosses the Yangtze River.

Bottom line: Jiao Shan lives in Jiao Shan Cave.

This couplet was written by Yang Jisheng (Jiao Shan) in Ming Dynasty and Jiao Shan in Zhenjiang.

Part One: A Bai Lianhua in the sky, holding Buddha in the wind.

Bottom line: There are several chestnut trees in the gorge, and the moon is far from the ape.

The first part: Yulantang, Yulan Mao Lei is at the bar, trying to stop the rest.

Bottom line: the banquet is clear, the lotus fragrance attracts the light swallow, and the mood is clear.

Reading this couplet quickly and repeatedly becomes a mouthful. Yulantang: On the lakeside of Kunming in the Summer Palace, it is the bedroom of Emperor Guangxu. Qing Banquet Boat: Zhou Shi, located at the west foot of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, is a famous water building in the garden.