Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - The 24 Solar Terms - Common sense problems of ancient classics in China
Common sense problems of ancient classics in China
Humble name: I am a widow, a minister, a scholar, a concubine, a servant, an orphan and an old woman (all claiming to be myself);
Honorable names: Your Majesty, Master, First Step, Public, Son, Shang, Jun and Zhang (mutual names);
Posthumous title: viceroy (that is, tyrant), vertical (referring to child servants, "vertical" means vertical cutting, that is, cutting a coat. In ancient times, children and servants wore this kind of clothes, so they were called "vertical")
Is 13 "stupid"? LZ, are you sure your number is correct? If it is "stupid", it is modesty.
I've never heard of "feeding on fish" ... I don't understand ... Sorry,
Second,
Classic: cutting sandalwood (from the Book of Songs);
History: Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin (from the Warring States Policy), Biographies of Qu Yuan (from Historical Records), Battle of Kan (from Zuo Zhuan (formerly known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, renamed Chunqiu Zuozhuan in Han Dynasty, referred to as Zuo Zhuan), and Zhang Hengchuan.
Zi: Cha Jin [from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals (also known as Lu Lan), Ji attacked Zhuan Xu (from The Analects of Confucius), desired fish (from Mencius), was good at relieving arrogance (from Zhuangzi) and encouraged learning (from Xunzi).
Episodes: Ailian (from Zhu Yuanzhang's Gong Ji), Zhi Zhi (from Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio), Ji Xiang Xuanzhi, Snake Catcher (from Liuhe Dongji) and Six Kingdoms (from Jia You Ji Quan Shu).
I don't know about picking from herbs ... it seems that few people know this amount. ...
2. The good answer will be+common sense of ancient Chinese culture and customs. You search for common sense of ancient Chinese in Baidu Library, and there are many similar articles in it. Let's take a look at the common sense of China's ancient culture. Age appellation 0 1, infants: infants under one year old 02, children: children aged 2-3 03, crying: infants (also called "total angle") 04, cardamom:/kloc-women aged 0/3 05. The year of no doubt: forty years, the year of know life: fifty years (also known as "knowing destiny" and "half a hundred"), sixty years, 1 1, seventy years: seventy years, 12. Grade (1): big exam (also called "sub-exam"), county-level exam, children take part, and are admitted as "students" or "scholars". )
After obtaining the provincial examination (also known as "Qiu Wei"), students take the provincial examination and are accepted as "Juren". ) will try (also known as "Chunwei", the national examination, juren participated, and was admitted as "Gong Shi". )
Palace examination (national examination, the emperor's examiner, Gong participated, and was admitted as a "Jinshi". Among them, the first name is "No.1 Scholar", the second name is "No.1 Scholar" and the third name is "Exploring Flowers") (2) Content: Four Books and Five Classics, etc. And the article format is defined as "eight-part essay". 3) The main festival in ancient times (0 1) January: the first day of the first month, starting in one year.
(02) People's Day: the seventh day of the first month, master. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are put on to watch a play, which is also called "Lantern Festival" (04) Social Day: around the vernal equinox, sacrifices are made to pray for farming.
(05) Cold food: Two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was no fire for three days (Wu Zixu) (06) Tomb-Sweeping Day: At the beginning of April, the grave was visited for sacrifice. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: on the fifth day of May, eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats (Qu Yuan) (08) Tanabata: on the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Central Plains: July 15th, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, also known as "Ghost Festival" (10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, enjoying the moon.
(13) twelfth lunar month: On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drink Laba porridge (14). New Year's Eve: On the last night of the year, welcome the beginning of the new year. Fourth, the ancient punishment (0 1): torture: also known as "ink punishment", with words tattooed on the forehead and cheeks. (02) flogging: cutting off the nose (03) flogging: also known as "rod punishment", hitting the board (back, legs, buttocks) (04) flogging: cutting off the foot (He Shibei) (05) castration: also known as "putrefaction", cutting off the male genitals (. Official position problem 1, word (1) conferring official position: except worship (2) promotion: relocation (3) demotion: relocation to the left (4) removal of official position: strike (5) recruitment: requisition (6) six departments: (1) official department (appointment and removal of official position) ) (2) household department (local tax account, etc. ) (3) does not (imperial examination school, etc. (4) criminal department (judicial prison cases, etc. Ministry of war (army frontier defense, etc.). ) (6) Ministry of Industry (engineering construction, water conservancy, etc. (6) The end of every month is dark (the 30th day of the big month and the 29th day of the small month, and the first dark day is the end of the month); The first day of each month in the lunar calendar is the new moon.
2. The eldest is called uncle, the second is called zhong, the third is called uncle until the penultimate, and the youngest is called Ji.
3. Questions and answers about China ancient culture China 1. Du Fu called, Zuo Guangdou called left, and Lu You called.
2. "Modesty and respect for others" is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. The ancients called others' fathers as a tribute to their own fathers, and so on. When addressing mother, modest words include my mother and so on.
3. In ancient times, men had 20 lines of ""and women had 15 lines of ""to indicate adulthood, and then they could take "". 4. "The reunion of flowers and seven years; Celebrate the ancient and rare, and spring and autumn are also once.
"This is a birthday couplet written for an old man. In ancient times, brothers were ranked by "".
""indicates the maximum value, ""indicates the minimum value. 6. In ancient China, addressing people had some special signs, such as "subordinate" indicating relationship and "first" indicating.
7. There were three chronologies in ancient China:,,. Use of "Xi Chun Shen Bing to Japan".
In ancient China, the first day of the lunar calendar was called "",the fifteenth day was called ""and the last day was called "". 9. The ancients said that the "Mao" of "Dian Mao" is equivalent to the present morning.
10. The four solar terms before Tomb-Sweeping Day are,, and. 1 1. 1998 is the wuyin year of the lunar calendar, which is traditionally the animal year of the tiger people. According to this calculation, 2000 is the lunar year, which is the birth year of human beings.
12. The ancients divided it from dusk to dawn the next day. Among them, "three shifts" is roughly equivalent to the time of the underground branch, which is the current time.
13. China ancient thinkers used "five elements" to refer to,, and five substances. 14. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, China implemented the system of "three provinces and six departments". "Six Departments" refers to: ministries, ministries, ministries and heads of ministries.
Among the "six departments", those responsible for the appointment, removal, assessment and promotion of officials are. 15. In ancient times, officials were called officials, and officials were degraded.
16. The governor of Han Dynasty said that the governor of Sui and Tang Dynasties said that the governor of Song Dynasty said that the governor of Ming Dynasty said that. 17. China was divided into Kyushu in ancient times, with Zhangzhou as the head of Kyushu. ""is the abbreviation of Hebei Province today.
18. Write the names of "Five Mountains" in the order of East, West, South, North and China:,,,. 19. In the sentence "There are mountains under the sun during the day, and there are no guests who don't think about home during the Qingming period", "daytime" refers to:
20. Luoyang, Henan is located in Luohe, Hanyang, Hubei is located in Hanshui, and Huayin, Shaanxi is located in the north. 2 1. The "three religions" in the idiom "three religions and nine streams" are,,.
22. Legendary and mythical figures who opened the world, refined stones to fill the sky and filled the sea with stones are:,,. 23. In the ancient etiquette of China, the four seats at a banquet were the most respected, followed by the lowest.
24. In ancient China, there was a saying of "six characters", meaning ",,,". 25. In ancient times, there was a saying that "seven policies and four treasuries are the books of emperors", and the "four treasuries" in the sentence refers to,,,.
26. Most ancient festivals were accompanied by some folk activities, such as Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Double Ninth Festival. 27. The four tastes of literati in the old days were,,,.
28. "Three Friends in Cold Year" refers to,,. 29. The pentatonic scale in ancient China was arranged from low to high, followed by,,,,.
30. "Being filial is filial, and being filial is filial." "Filial piety" means doing good, and "mourning" means doing good.
3 1. The top ten ancient songs in China are:,,,,,,. Ancient culture common sense test questions reference answer 1. Official position posthumous title 2. Your father's family background kindness 3. Crown gift word 4. 14 1.5. Uncle Bo Zhong's Ji Jibo 6. Hall's relatives have passed away. The year of the prince is recorded in the year of the emperor, the year of the emperor is recorded in the year of the dry branch, and the year of the dry branch is recorded in the year of the new moon. Spring breeze 1 1. Geng 12. The night before last, Wuzi 1 1 point, and the next morning 1 point. Jin Mu fire-water soil 14. Magistrate 17. Ji Ji 18. Mount Taishan, Huashan, Hengshan and Songshan 19. Nanjing 20. North North Huashan 2 1. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 22. Pangu nuwa jingwei 23. Sit west facing east, sit south facing north, sit east facing west 24. Hieroglyphs and symbols are meaningful. Climb the chrysanthemum on the grave. 27. Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting. 28. Songzhumei. 29. Masahiro Miyakami. 30. Parents and brothers. 3 1. Guangling Sanpingsha. Wild geese smell like plum blossoms. Ambush on three sides. Sunset, flute, drums, fishing fire, question and answer. Hu Qipai 18 filmed Chun Xue in the autumn moon in Han Palace.
4. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 13. D 14 B 15。 C 16。 Word (1) spread to the outside, and those in power accused him of being arrogant and reckless, and demoted Pan to the prison.
(Score points: Che, Dang, Hu, each 1, 2 points per sentence); (2) The Prime Minister is in charge of the appointment, removal and promotion of a generation of talents. If he thinks he is virtuous, he should naturally be promoted and appointed. How can he express his personal goodwill first? (Scoring points: advance and retreat, glory and show, each 1, sentence 2) Analysis 13. Test analysis: This test examines the ability to understand classical Chinese sentences.
To answer this question, according to the overall perception and understanding of the meaning of the sentence, we can disconnect the whole first, then according to the subject-predicate or verb-object relationship and the actions of the characters, or according to the symbolic words in classical Chinese. For example, this problem can be solved according to the name of "Gao Zong Gu Guiliang" and the iconic word "Yue" in classical Chinese.
Original punctuation of item D: Want to retreat, Gu Ri: "It's a joint question." I also talked to my son.
Yan Zi replied that for a long time, those who quit after becoming good and expensive will come back. The emperor changed color, so both of them were guilty.
So choose D. The location of the test center can be broken sentences in classical Chinese.
The ability level is E-level. Before punctuating a sentence, you should read the article through several times, and have an overall perception of the full text. If you can break it, break it first, then gradually narrow the scope, then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences and make corresponding adjustments according to the relationship with the context (context), and then pay attention to the common modal particles "zhe, ye, yi, hu, yi" at the end of the sentence and "gu" at the beginning of the sentence.
For example, the words "Yue", "Zhi" and "Gao Zong" in this topic. 14. Test analysis: This question examines the ability to understand the common sense of ancient culture and the ability to filter information.
To answer this question, you can find out the wrong option according to your usual accumulation. Item B "Borrowing as a courtesy title for the emperor and empress" is a misunderstanding, and does not include "empress".
So choose B. locate the test center and recite the common sense of literature.
In recent years, the memory ability of literary common sense is a common test point in the college entrance examination. Proposers often put this test center and the ability to filter information in the classical Chinese reading proposition to test and answer such questions. Candidates often have a misunderstanding in the direction, that is, candidates mistakenly think that they can find the answer from the text, but in fact, the content of the examination mainly depends on the accumulation of literary common sense and continuous review and consolidation by candidates. The expression of literary common sense in the options often secretly changes dynasties, management departments, figures and other contents. This makes the candidates very confused, so we must distinguish carefully when thinking.
For example, option b of this question is to examine the literary common sense of ancient titles such as emperors. 15. test analysis: this question examines the ability to summarize and analyze the relevant content of the original text.
On the basis of accurately grasping the meaning of the text, I return to the original text with options for comparative analysis and judgment. Item C, "dismissed by the emperor" is inconsistent with the original text, and Pan should have asked to leave himself.
So choose C. the location of the test center to summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning.
Teacher C's common angles of setting mistakes in analysis and synthesis are: misinterpreting the meaning of words, exaggerating, generalizing, confusing right and wrong, confusing cause and effect, time sequence dislocation (time sequence inversion), making things out of nothing, and adding details. The wrong setting of one of the wrong items is hidden and confusing, and often some contents and words that are inconsistent with the original time, place, people and events are set on the premise of being generally correct.
When you do the questions, you should carefully scrutinize and compare them carefully. For example, option C is Zhang Guan Dai Li's fault.
16. Test question analysis: This question examines the comprehension ability of translated sentences. When translating, we should put the sentences to be translated back into the context to understand, and also pay attention to literal translation as much as possible, implement the meanings of key words in sentences, make up for omitted components, and translate special sentences according to modern Chinese habits.
Keywords: thoroughness, propriety, arrogance, advance and retreat, cleverness and demonstration. The test center locates, understands and translates the sentences in the text.
The ability level is to understand B. Error-prone early warning to translate classical Chinese, first of all, we must have a sense of context, grasp the meaning of the whole sentence in combination with context, then find out the key words in the sentence, identify the sentence pattern, and then translate, generally literal translation (some special words, such as official names, place names, year numbers, etc. , without translation), and pay attention to the execution of sentences.
When translating, we should also pay attention to the norms of modern Chinese, so as to make every word fluent. For example, keywords such as "thoroughness, propriety, arrogance, advance and retreat, cleverness and demonstration" should be translated accurately in this question.
Pan was born in Jinhua, Ningbo. With the status of a student, he began to be an official, served as Dr. Bi Yong, and was promoted to a doctor.
At that time, Cai Jing, the prime minister, was trying to win over famous scholars with official titles and Tilu. Pan is honest and unshakable. His relatives and friends have repeatedly expressed their willingness to associate with Cai Jing, but Pan has solemnly refused. In the first year of Jingkang, Qin Zong asked who could be the prime minister, and Pan strongly suggested: "He, Tang and other four people can't be appointed, and they will miss the country in the future.
If your majesty wants to help the prime minister in distress, he will not solicit the opinions of the following officials extensively, so that people in humble positions will know that he is not satisfied. "Words spread to the outside, the authorities accused him of arrogance and recklessness, and demoted Pan Weijian Xinzhou Port Bank.
Emperor Gaozong inherited the throne and was called into the palace to make a left remonstration. After meeting the emperor, he demanded that the traitors be destroyed and executed at home, so that the enemy did not dare to despise the Song Dynasty.
He also asked Feng Xianliang's imperial clan to go to Shandong and Hebei, and the emperor visited Weiyang to cultivate military power in an attempt to restore the country. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan hated his words and became the Ministry of Industry.
Pan asked to leave because his suggestion was not implemented. Kao Gonglang was appointed and promoted to Zuo Si.
The Prime Minister calmly said to Pan: "(You) will bring in two provinces sooner or later." Pan seriously replied: "My parents are old and want to take a local position. Being an official in two provinces is beyond my power. "
Pan stepped down and said, "The Prime Minister is in charge of the appointment, removal and promotion of a generation of talents. If he thinks his moral character is noble, he should naturally be promoted and appointed. How can he express his personal goodwill first? " If the scholar-bureaucrat accepted his netting, why did he stand in the court? "
He became well-known in Yanzhou as an intelligent dragon Tugezhi. Two months after his arrival, he asked to become a priest.
It is used as a Chinese book. It happened that the assistant minister of the household entered the palace to visit the emperor, and his words were complicated. Pan once made friends with Xiang. On this day, Pan stood in the temple, went straight to the couch and said sharply, "Xiang.
5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 9. B 10。 D 1 12。 B 13。 (1) Lv Gong, a single father, has a good relationship with Pei County Chief, so he went to the county magistrate to make a guest appearance to avoid enemies.
(2) At the end of the banquet, Lv Gong winked at Gaozu and insisted on leaving Gaozu. Analysis 9. Analysis of test questions: This question examines the comprehension ability of words in classical Chinese in the text.
Answering such questions depends on the accumulation of knowledge about the text in peacetime. When reading classical Chinese after class, it is sometimes necessary to infer the meaning of important words according to the specific context, and B despises it. Judging from the context of the sentence, there is no exchange of officials.
Judging from the above context, Gaozu, as a curator, usually looks down on those county officials. Yi, in addition to the meaning of "exchange", can also be said to be "contempt, contempt"
So according to the specific context from top to bottom, it should be said that it is "contempt, contempt", so choose B.
Know the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
When explaining the content words in classical Chinese, we should pay attention to those words that often appear in the texts we have learned, those words whose meanings are quite different from those in modern Chinese, and those words with more than one word. The notional words in classical Chinese should be explained by standardized modern Chinese words, and appropriate explanations should be given according to the actual meaning of the words in the sentence, so that the tone before and after the sentence is smooth and the meaning is clear and correct.
Specific analysis should be combined with specific context analysis. 10. Test question analysis: This question examines the ability to understand the classical Chinese sentence.
To answer this question, according to the overall perception and understanding of the meaning of the sentence, we can disconnect the whole first, then according to the subject-predicate or verb-object relationship and the actions of the characters, or according to the symbolic words in classical Chinese. The punctuation of the original text is: Gaozu was drunk and said, "When the strong man left, He Wei!" Naiqian drew his sword and cut the snake.
The snake splits in two, and the road is smooth. I walked a few miles, drunk and sleepy.
Later generations came to the snake house, and an old woman cried at night. The location of the test center can be broken sentences in classical Chinese.
The ability level is E-level. Before punctuating a sentence, you should read the article through several times, and have an overall perception of the full text. If you can break it, break it first, then gradually narrow the scope, then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences and make corresponding adjustments according to the relationship with the context (context), and then pay attention to the common modal particles "zhe, ye, yi, hu, yi" at the end of the sentence and "gu" at the beginning of the sentence.
1 1. Analysis of test questions: This question examines the ability to remember literary common sense and filter information. To solve this problem, you can find out the wrong options according to your usual accumulation.
In item D, "sitting in a seat" refers to a respected seat. So choose D.
Locate the test center and remember the common sense of literature. In recent years, the ability to recite literary knowledge is a common test point in the college entrance examination. Proposers often put this test center and the ability to filter information in the classical Chinese reading proposition to test and answer such questions. Candidates often have a misunderstanding in the direction, that is, candidates mistakenly think that they can find the answer from the text, but in fact, the content of the examination mainly depends on the accumulation of literary common sense and continuous review and consolidation by candidates.
The expression of literary common sense in the options often secretly changes dynasties, management departments, figures and other contents. This makes the candidates very confused, so we must distinguish carefully when thinking. For example, option D of this question belongs to the literary common sense of ancient chairs.
12. test analysis: this question examines the ability to analyze and understand the content of the article. According to the perception of the content of the article, we can carefully distinguish the subtle differences between the options and the original text. Item b says that "it is the guest who flatters the county magistrate", which is inaccurate, but it is actually flattering the county magistrate; "Gaozu always looked down on this practice, so he didn't bring money" is also wrong. Gaozu looked down on those officials and didn't bring money, which was a mockery of those officials.
So choose B. the location of the test center to summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning.
The ability level is analysis and synthesis. C. The common wrong angles of the famous teacher's finishing touch are: misinterpreting the meaning, exaggerating, generalizing, arrogant, confusing right and wrong, confusing cause and effect, time sequence dislocation (time sequence inversion), making things out of nothing, and adding details.
The wrong setting of one of the wrong items is hidden and confusing, and often some contents and words that are inconsistent with the original time, place, people and events are set on the premise of being generally correct. When you do the questions, you should carefully scrutinize and compare them carefully.
For example, option B of this question belongs to Zhang Guan Dai Li's mistake. 13. problem analysis: this question examines the ability to translate problems.
When translating, we should put the sentences to be translated back into the context to understand, and also pay attention to literal translation as much as possible, implement the meanings of key words in sentences, make up for omitted components, and translate special sentences according to modern Chinese habits. For example, (1) scored 1 in kindness, privacy, staying at home and hospitality.
(2) Pick "aperture", "eye", "reality", "reality" and "rear". The test center locates the sentences in the translated text.
To understand B's error-prone warning, we must first have a sense of context, grasp the meaning of the whole sentence in combination with the context, then find out the key words in the sentence, identify the sentence patterns, and then translate them, usually literally (some special words, such as official names, place names, year numbers, etc. , without translation), and pay attention to the execution of sentences. When translating, we should also pay attention to the norms of modern Chinese, so as to make every word fluent.
For example, the "home" in the first question belongs to a noun and is used as a verb. Be accurate when translating. Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) was born in Fengyi and Peixian (at that time, Yi and Li were both administrative units, Yi belonged to the county and Li belonged to the city), and his surname was Liu.
Gaozu is a broad-minded and magnanimous person. Unwilling to do productive labor that ordinary people are engaged in.
When he was in his prime, he was tried as a small official and became the curator of the Department of Commerce. Gaozu once worked as a corvee in Xianyang and had the opportunity to see Qin Shihuang travel. He sighed and said, "Alas! This is what a gentleman should do! " Lv Gong, a single father (now Shan County, Shandong Province) has a close relationship with Pei County magistrate. In order to avoid enemies, he lived here in the magistrate, so he settled in Pei County.
The gentry and officials in Peixian heard that the magistrate had a distinguished guest, so they all gave gifts to congratulate him. At that time, Xiao He was the county chief (also called the chief officer, who assisted the county magistrate in managing personnel assessment) and was in charge of receiving gifts. He said to the guests, "If the gift money is less than 1000 yuan, please sit down.
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