When did China begin to use the Gregorian calendar?

China's bumpy experience in changing the Gregorian calendar

Gregorian calendar, commonly known as Gregorian calendar, has become a common calendar in most countries in the world as early as16th century. However, China has adopted the Gregorian calendar for less than one hundred years. After the promulgation of the founding of the Republic of China, it has been repeatedly banned for more than ten years.

The alliance's proposal was passed.

The Xia Dynasty in China adopted the summer calendar, with the first month as the first year, that is, the first month of the year. Shang dynasty changed December of the summer calendar to the beginning of a year, Zhou dynasty changed November of the summer calendar to the beginning of a year, and Qin dynasty changed the calendar again, so October of the summer calendar became the first of the year. The Qin calendar was adopted in the early Han Dynasty, and the calendar was revised in the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (BC104-10/year), and the summer calendar was adopted. Later generations have been used until the end of Qing Dynasty, commonly known as "lunar calendar", also known as "old calendar".

19 1 1 year1October 10, the revolution of 1911 broke out, overthrew the Manchu dynasty and the feudal autocracy came to an end. Representatives from all provinces stopped in Wuhan first, and then moved to Nanjing for a meeting to discuss the establishment of the government of the Republic of China.

1On February 25th, Sun Yat-sen returned from Europe and arrived in Shanghai. The next day, he called a meeting of the union cadres to put forward opinions on the composition of the new government. On the 27th, the provincial representative meeting was held again. On behalf of the League, Huang Xing submitted a motion, one of which was that the government of the Republic of China to be established should adopt the Gregorian calendar. All the delegates agreed to adopt it.

Sudden differences lead to controversy.

1On February 29th, the provincial representative meeting elected Sun Yat-sen as the President of the Republic of China.

The congress continued to discuss the plan for the inauguration ceremony of the president. Suddenly, a representative raised an objection to the new government changing the Gregorian calendar, and a dispute arose.

Opponents of the calendar change quoted Confucius as saying "using Xia Zhishi", claiming that the sage's words could not be violated. It has also been said that it has been more than 2,000 years since the early Han Dynasty re-adopted the summer calendar until the Qing Dynasty became an unchangeable custom in successive dynasties, and the laws of our ancestors cannot be lightly changed.

Those who advocate changing the calendar, who advocate overthrowing the Qing court and establishing the Republic of China, are revolutionary changes to change the dynasty, so changing the calendar is inevitable; The Gregorian calendar has long been common to all countries, and the change of the Gregorian calendar in the Republic of China is the general trend, which conforms to the world trend and is conducive to international exchanges and exchanges.

Sun Yat-sen insisted on promulgation

Sun Yat-sen, who is preparing to work in Nanjing in Shanghai, immediately sent a telegram to make it clear that the government of the Republic of China must use the Gregorian calendar in accordance with the bill passed on the 27th, otherwise it will never work in Nanjing.

Due to Sun Yat-sen's unparalleled prestige and the efforts of most delegates, 3 1 day was finally resolved: the original proposal was maintained and the Republic of China adopted the Gregorian calendar. Just considering that people have been used to the lunar calendar for a long time, when publishing the almanac, the season and climate of the lunar calendar are marked under the Gregorian calendar.

The provincial delegates immediately sent Tang, Tang and Tang to Shanghai to welcome Sun Yat-sen to Nanjing to take office. On the evening of 19 12 1 month 1, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the interim president of the Republic of China, announcing the adoption of the Gregorian calendar era and taking New Year's Day of 19 12 as the founding day of the Republic of China.

Newspapers and telecommunications bureaus, the government of the Republic of China adopts the Gregorian calendar, which is well known throughout the country and the world.

The restoration of monarchy was abolished twice

Although the feudal autocracy was overthrown, its ghost still exists, and the implementation of the Gregorian calendar is still repeated.

At the end of 19 15, Yuan Shikai, who dreamed of becoming an emperor, announced on1February 12 that he would restore the imperial system, abolish the era of the Republic of China, re-adopt the summer calendar (lunar calendar), and ordered that 19 16 be changed to the first year of Hongxian.

During the crusade, Yuan Shikai was forced to abolish the imperial system on March 22nd 19 16, and changed his name to Hongxian, still treating this year as five years of the Republic of China.

19 17 July 1 day, Shuai Bian zhang xun restoration called Puyi "Dabao", announced the abolition of the Gregorian calendar, and changed the six years of the Republic of China to nine years of Xuantong.

It's also a pillow. On July 12, the insurgents invaded Beijing, and the braid army either died, fled or surrendered. Zhang Xun fled to the Dutch embassy to save his life, and Puyi announced his abdication and restored the Republic of China.

The strict application of the national government has been decided.

During the period of Beiyang government, warlords held their own sides and it was difficult to ban them. They each have their own "love", which hinders the implementation of the Gregorian calendar.

For example, Gong Bingji, the governor of Shandong, once electrified the whole country and proposed to restore the old calendar, that is, the lunar calendar. The Gregorian calendar is naturally difficult to implement in Shandong.

For another example, in the second half of 1926, Zhang Gongming, the commander-in-chief of Northeast China who controlled the Beijing regime, ordered the Central Observatory to compile and sell old calendars.

After the establishment of Nanjing National Government in Northeast China and the change of flag, the whole country was unified. 1930 In May, the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang and the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China made a decision, reaffirming the solar calendar as the national common calendar, and prohibiting private printing and selling of old calendars, and offenders will be punished according to law. So far, the Gregorian calendar has actually been adopted nationwide.

On September 27th, 1949, before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference adopted the Decision on the People's Chronicle of China, stipulating that "the People's Chronicle of China adopts the AD". Due to the habits of China people in production and life, the corresponding lunar calendar dates, as well as the 24 solar terms, Spring Festival and other folk festivals are marked on the Gregorian calendar. (Excerpted from International Online)