What are the important books in the Tang and Song Dynasties?

Category compilation was rarely used in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it was an important way to collect poems in Tang and Song Dynasties. Judging from the Selected Works, after Yu Feng, almost all the poems in the early Tang Dynasty were classified into one category, such as Liu's Ancient and Modern Poetry Garden and the Monk's Continued Ancient and Modern Poetry Garden. The May 4th volume of Yuhai quoted the Bibliography of Zhongxing Pavilion as saying that Hui Jing's book was written by Liu Shu. For Hui Jing's book writing, see Volume 3 of Continued Biography of Monks: "The author of Jing Jing is not extraordinary, but he is looking for algae, and he writes stones in ten volumes." And recorded the preface made by Liu Wei. It can be seen that the two books are closely related and the style should be the same. There are nine clouds in "A New Story of the Tang Dynasty": "Ten volumes of poems are similar, and since the beginning of the Liang Dynasty, they are more similar than those received, and they do not write names." The arrangement method of this anonymous collection of poems is "following the same kind", which is similar to the appearance of "continuing the ancient and modern poetry garden Huaying" According to this, we can see that the two books, Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry Gardens and Continuation of Ancient and Modern Poetry Gardens Huaying, are indeed classified poetry collections.

In the middle Tang Dynasty, Li Zeji was compiled by Li Jifu. About this book, Volume 20 of the Book of Reading in County Zhai says: "There are 320 poems written by Tang Kaiyuan poets, which are classified into different categories. In Zhenyuan, Zheng Yuqing is the order. " (4) A large-scale Tang poem appeared in the late Tang Dynasty, and it was also the first collection of works that respected Du Fu in the history of China, namely "Selected Poems of Tang Poetry" edited by Gu Tao. The Preface to Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty talks about the scope and compilation style of the book: "From the beginning to the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1,232 poems, divided into 20 volumes, called Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty." The title of the article belongs to Xing, the category is the same, but coherence does not mean Bi Chong and the age. There is a difference between elegance and beauty. "(5) the book according to the category, category regardless of age.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were still quite a number of quasi-compiled poems, such as Reading in the County Zhai (Volume 20) and Poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties (Volume 20). Monk Renzan of the imperial dynasty said that it was compiled by scholars from Luo and Tang Dynasties, and the name was unknown. Classify and sort out the famous poems of Xiangfu before and now. "During the Southern Song Dynasty, a large number of classified poems appeared, and the Selected Poems of Thousand Scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties compiled by Liu Kezhuang appeared, which was the earliest one. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, there were Poems of Tang Ge compiled by Zhao Mengfu and Yingkui Fa Yao compiled by Fang Hui.

A general collection of poems includes various themes, but if a poem with a specific theme is classified into a collection, it is a special collection. For example, Song Shou's poems in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Puji's poems in the early Southern Song Dynasty. "Miscellaneous Poems at the Age of Years" is published in "Reading Records of County Zhai" in 20 volumes, with a total of 1506 poems. The hymns of ancient and modern years are arranged according to the seasons of the year, such as January Day, Spring Equinox, Qingming Festival, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice and the end of the year. Selecting 2709 Song Poems of Han, Wei and Song Dynasties, Four Treasures of the Study said: "The ancient season poems are extracted and catalogued, so we don't prepare them here." ⑦ This book is preceded by a preface written by Pu Jizhong in Shaoxing, saying that the relationship between this book and Miscellaneous Fu in Shaoxing is "taking its contents and choosing poems attached to this world". These two books have the same style. It is also possible to compile special collections in the form of other collections. For example, Liu Chenweng's Poems of Xu Xi's Four Scenes, which is divided into four chapters, is a model for teaching his son to learn poetry. Another important anthology in the Song Dynasty is Sun Song's Poems on Paintings and Music and Pictures. The Summary of Siku says that "all poems on paintings of Tang and Song Dynasties are recorded" and "divided into 26 poems". Kangxi followed this method when compiling large-scale poems with paintings in past dynasties. The local picture album has a hole in the English Collection of Huiji. This book will consist of 20 volumes of poems about people singing about benefiting the mountains and rivers. The first 15 volume is poetry, which is divided into nine categories according to the theme: state government, west garden, imperial prison, mountains and rivers, temple fair view, farewell, giving and answering, feeling, singing and harmony. Each category is listed in the form of law first, then in the form of ancient prose, and the last five volumes are articles, arranged according to style. Judging from the anthology, most of the classified poems and essays are composed of poems and poems, but the essays are separated, because the differences in external forms of essays are obvious and practical, and many styles are naturally formed according to their uses, so the purpose of distinction can be achieved without the help of subject classification. However, Wen Yuan Hua Ying is an exception, because there are too many selected articles, and each institution is divided into several subcategories according to the theme.

There are also some anthologies of Tang and Song poems that adopt the method of classification. The earliest is Li Qiao's Miscellaneous Fu, which consists of twelve songs, namely, dry elephant, Kun Yi, fragrant grass, precious tree, ghost bird, Swiss beast, daily life, clothing, cultural relics, weapons, music and jade. Another example is The Collection of Du Gongbu compiled by Huang Fan during the five to seven years of Dali. The preface reads: "Sixty volumes of collected works are located in the south of Jianghan ... There are 290 pieces in this collection, each of which is divided into six volumes according to the event category." Attending: When Bai Juyi was in Jiangzhou, in the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he divided his poems into about 800 satirical poems, leisure poems 100, sentimental poems 100 and more than 400 miscellaneous poems, and compiled them into/kloc-0. This is the first white poetry collection that adopts genre and theme parallel classification.

Song people seldom compile their own and contemporary poetry collections. The philosopher visited Mei's home in Xuancheng and got the Complete Works of Mei from her descendants. The complete works are arranged according to the theme rather than the ancient style, but this situation is rare (1 1). However, Song people like to reclassify Tang collections, such as Song collections and Meng Dongye collections, and Wang's Wei Suzhou collections. Cai Kuan-fu's Poems said: "After and after, the world knows ancient prose, so Wei Suzhou began to mix with the world." (12) The compilation of Song and Wang just met the needs of the times. Li Taibai Ji is divided into songs, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems, poems and boudoir poems. The classification of Suzhou collections in Wei Dynasty is relatively simple, and there are only fourteen categories: Fu, Miscellaneous Collection, Yan Collection, Giving Gifts, Farewell, Rewarding, Meeting, Missing, Traveling, Sighing, Traveling, Miscellaneous Interest and Singing. Du Fu's poems were highly respected in the Song Dynasty. Of course, Du Fu's poems are the most diligent collections in the Tang Dynasty. Take Du Gongbu's poems as an example. The book is divided into seventy-two sections: the moon, stars, rivers, rain and snow, flowers, grass, bamboo and wood, as well as rooms, trips, feelings, current affairs, farewell and simple delivery. The classification of Du Fu's poems was quite popular in the Song Dynasty, but it was rare after the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Xu Ba, a famous bibliophile in Ming Dynasty, classified Du Fu's poems as clouds. "Du Fu's poems have been handed down from generation to generation for more than 100 times, of which seven are annotated, two are chronicled and ten are classified." ( 13)

People in the Southern Song Dynasty also rearranged some famous sentences in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most famous is Wang Zhusu's poems, entitled "Poems of Mr. Dongpo", written by Wang and divided into 78 categories. Song Masha's Anthology of Mr. Yingbin is a collection of poems by Su Zhe. The first 60 volumes are poems, which are divided into nearly 100 categories. The four seasons are subdivided into three subcategories: spring, summer and autumn, and ordinary officials are subdivided into nine categories: province, grace and general. Mr. Huang's poetry collections are as many as 104. Sometimes this classification is really unnecessary. For example, in the eight volumes of the Collected Works of Lao Su, only 42 ancient poems were recorded in the first two volumes, but they were divided into nineteen schools, with an average of less than three poems in each school.

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Judging from the history of document compilation, the production of classified poems has gone through a long process. China ancient anthology appeared earlier than the general anthology. The 25 Qu Yuan Fu, 16 Song Yu Fu and 9 Mei Cheng Fu contained in Han Shu Fu Lu Lulue can be regarded as other anthologies. Although these collections were processed into the final version by Liu Xiang and others, they should be edited into books, not single articles. The records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi are all albums, either poems or fu, with relatively few works and relatively simple contents. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an anthology containing many styles appeared. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi said that the name of Selected Works was jointly created by Gaihan and Tokyo. Since the spirit has fallen, it belongs to literary ambition, but the ambition is still different, and the romantic style is different. After the gentleman wants to see his body and see his heart, he does not get together and is called a collection. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was a common phenomenon that a writer's works of various styles were collected into a collection. For example, the book A Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty says: "There are 16 pieces of fu, fu, inscription, obituary, questions, elegies, books, essays and legacies written by (Ban Zhao). Edited by son-in-law Shi Ding. " According to the annotation of Selected Works of Zheng Dong Fu, this book is called Cao Dajia Collection (14). Naturally, these collections will not take the form of class compilation.

When the number of other sets reaches a certain level, it is necessary and possible to compile the total set. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi says: "After Jian 'an, Ci Fu became more and more complicated, and the collections of various schools became wider and wider. Worried about the fatigue of scholars, the Jin Dynasty adopted Confucius and Cui, cut down the complexity, and each of them was coherent and integrated into one, which was called "Liu Bie". From the analysis of the style of poems, fu, qi, Zhen, Ming, obituary, elegy and epitaph made by Yu Ci in Wen Ji, we can see that this is a partial article, but it is impossible to verify whether it is classified or not. However, since then, The Collection of Hongming compiled by Hu, a famous monk of Liang Dynasty, has adopted a style close to the compilation of similar books. "Hong Ming Preface" said:

Writing ancient and modern articles, discussing the elegance and vulgarity of Taoism, deliberately cutting evil spirits, making suggestions to protect the law, and adopting them regardless of size. In addition, the previous generation of scholars, Si Wengong and the useful three treasures were also catalogued and classified into fourteen volumes.

The whole book is not arranged by style or author, but by debate topic. For example, the fourth volume records six articles on the debate between He Chengtian and Yan Yanzhi about the extinction and immortality of God, and the seventh volume contains four articles that four people refute Gu Daoshi's "Yi Xia Theory". Hong Ming Ji and Wen Xuan came into being at about the same time, and the compilation and selection of the two books both went through a process, and the classification method was not formed overnight, so it is difficult to say whether there is an interactive relationship between them. However, the classification and object of the Buddhist document Hongmingji are extremely special, so only Wenxuan has a great influence on the collective case-solving of later generations.

The greatest common point between poetry collections compiled by categories and books compiled by categories is that they all adopt the arrangement method of content classification. The evolution of classification thought reflects the development process of national cognitive level from the side. The Book of Changes classifies things and constructs an orderly cosmic system. But the earliest concrete division of things is the word book Erya. Except for the first four chapters, the other fifteen chapters of Er Ya explain the physical names, including palace, vessel, music, heaven, earth, hill, mountain, water, grass, wood, insects, fish, birds, beasts and livestock. Later, the classification system used in the classification book was the extension and development of the classification method of Erya, which further affected the collection of classified poems.

At first, there was a great difference in the selection of materials between category books and category collections. The former records events in different categories, while the latter records poems in different categories. However, the appearance of quasi-books predates the compilation of poems, and there is also a certain relationship between them. Fu flourished in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Writing Fu requires extensive collection of facts and allusions. Fu can be described as the precursor of books (15), and people in the Six Dynasties naturally looked for materials in Fu when compiling books. Fu's creative style is very high, and the content of works with the same theme is similar. Copying down allusions one by one according to the topic becomes a book, and copying down the whole article is a collection. The situation of poetry is similar. In the early Tang Dynasty, Ou Yangxun's Collection of Arts and Literature combined the two, copying facts and selecting poems. The preface of "literary rally" is written like this:

A collection of previous composers, each with its own meaning. Liu Bie and Selected Works are selected from his works, while Huang Lan and Bian are slightly straight books. The meaning of the text is different, but it is difficult to find. So, I wrote an imperial edict to write it, abandoned its triviality, deleted its verbiage, and the golden box and the imperial seal were almost the same. The title is "Literature and Art Collection", 100. If something is outside the text, it won't break. The story comes first, and the article comes last. Husband reads it easily, which is used by the author. ( 16)

This is a great breakthrough in the history of book compilation. Traditional books, such as Huang Lan, are "things come from articles" and "broken by things", but the "articles" here are attached to a single line of "things" (vocabulary), which is equivalent to the integration of traditional books and poetry collections. Mr. Wen Yiduo had a wonderful exposition on this:

Notes on Selected Works, Letters from Beitang, Collection of Literature and Art, Notes for Beginners, Poems of a Family in the Early Tang Dynasty.

At the beginning, we can see several stages in the creation of a Tang poem ... (a beginner's book) Under each topic, it is "narrative" at first, "right thing" next, and finally a poem or an essay. In fact, subtracting "things right" from these three items is equivalent to "a collection of literary talents", and subtracting poetry and prose is equivalent to "Bei Tang Book Tide". Therefore, we can see the classification history of books from Book Tide to Book for Beginners. ( 17)

The most appropriate example of Mr. Wen's Poems of Some Family in the Early Tang Dynasty is Li Qiao's Zayong. This is the advanced stage of the development of quasi-book, that is, the author no longer compiles but directly creates a model poem book, which is also a quasi-poetry collection. This conclusion can be fully confirmed by comparing the allusions and categories in Zayong with Ji (18).

In addition to the similarity in appearance, genre books and genre-compiled poetry collections often appeared in the same cultural background, which was an important way for feudal emperors to promote cultural rule and "repair classics in prosperous times". Editors often held two positions, so they were often related and often had an important impact on the literary atmosphere at that time. For example, during Tang Longshuo's reign, there were many works, such as Lei Bi by Xu, Yao Cai by Xu He and Shangguan Yi, Poems by Ancient and Modern Poets by jing yuan, Bi Za Hua Liang by Shangguan Yi and Poem Brain by jing yuan. Based on the compilation of genre books, with the collection of genre poems and beautiful sentences as the creation model, and guided by the theory of poetic style, the finished product created is official style (19), which is characterized by "golden jade, purple and yellow, video favoring its merits and falsely opposing its beauty".

There were also large-scale book editing activities in the early Song Dynasty. Among the four major books in the early Song Dynasty, Magnolia in Peace and Guang Ji in Peace were compiled earlier, overlapping with the revisers of Wenyuan Huaying, and their compilation style also influenced Wenyuan Huaying. The classification system of Wen Yuan Hua Ying and Tai Yu Ping Lan is basically the same, and its compilation procedure is to "read the previous collections, summarize their essence and classify them" (20). This category should be made clear before reading the collected works of the previous generation, otherwise it will become difficult to compile books, and we should also refer to the classification method of Tailan.

It is precisely because of the similar appearance, the same background and the same function that large-scale poetry collections are often mistaken for books. You Mao's Bibliography of Going Out of the Church at the Year of the Year lists both Wenguan Linz and Wen Yuan Huaying as books. Hu Yinglin also listed Wen Yuan Hua Ying as a kind of book (2 1), together with "Magnolia of Peace" and "A Record of Peace". However, books like Wenyi Lei Ju are considered collectibles:

Hu Yinglin's Collection of Shaw's Mountain Houses (Volume 29): "There are several books such as Beginners and Wen Yi, among which there are poems, but they are close to collections."

Qi Cheng's Book Collection of Lianshengtang, Book Collection Training and Book Purchase: "Preparation of Literature and Art Lei Ju's Ci and Fu, Detailed Citation of Hebi Shi Lei, Various Books"

Zhang Xuecheng's General Idea of School 2: 5: Collection of Arts and Literature, etc., which was later collected by the Collection Department. "

In fact, the difference between the two is obvious. Strictly speaking, the collections of Selected Works and Wenyuan Huaying only record whole poems, but in principle, they don't record scattered sentences, let alone words and allusions. But the scope of the book is much broader, and it can include allusions, excerpts or all poems.

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Because of the similarity in style, books and classified poems often draw lessons from each other when compiling. It is common for books to be based on poems and essays, but it is rare for them to be based on books. It can be seen that Liu Kezhuang's Classified Poems of Celebrities in Tang and Song Dynasties was actually written by Ren, a calligrapher in Southern Song Dynasty, who copied Splendid Flower Valley (22). In addition to borrowing from each other, classified poems are often adapted into various books. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, The Selected Works was a model of poetry and prose studied by the world, which attracted much attention. In the Tang Dynasty, in addition to annotations, there were some sequels and quasi-books, such as Meng Lizhen's Selected Works, Bu Changfu's Selected Works and Bu's Selected Fictions. Song people like to adapt selected songs into a book. Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple (Volume 8) said: "The anthology was still in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and at that time, scholars specialized in this book, so the grass must be called Wang Sun, the plum must be called post, the moon must be called Wang Shu, and the landscape must be called Qing Hui." There are many such names in Selected Works, such as Yao Ling, Hui Ling, Hanging Shadow, Phoebe and Wu Yang in the sun, Su E, Wang Shu, Xuan Rabbit and Chan Bo in the moon (23). It will be time-consuming and laborious to write them down one by one. The Summary of Siku said: "It is the language of Li Zao compiled by Wenxuan, which is classified and sorted. Among them, The History of Language was occasionally adopted by Ci and Fu since the Han Dynasty, that is, it was adopted and annotated as a classic. " It seems that it has returned to the old road of "things come from the text" and "breaking it into things", but it is a higher level of return. Another example is Wang Ruoxu's Selected Works (24), obviously for the convenience of rhyme.

What goes further than choosing words is choosing sentences, which shows that scholars try their best to learn the selected works from all aspects of language-words, words, sentences and texts. The most typical work of this kind is Liu Ban's Selected Works. The Summary of Siku says: "There are 549 categories of people who compile selected sentences for the use of Ci." (25) Wenyuan Huaying is a sequel to Wenxuan in the eyes of Song people, and it is a part of the larger and more recent Wenxuan. It was published in the fourth year of Zhenzong Jingde (1007), and Wenxuan and Wenyuan Huaying were edited at the same time (26). Based on this understanding, Gao also compiled the Selected Works of Wenyuan. According to its sequence, this book was written in the 16th year of Jiading (1223) and printed in the Song Dynasty. See Qu Yong's Catalogue of Qin Tie Tong Jian Lou Collection, which is called Song Gaoru, and its value lies in "extracting beautiful sentences from it for fishermen and hunters to compile" (27). Zhao Yu, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, praised: "All famous people in ancient and modern times, who have wonderful sentences in all their works, all learn from the scriptures, and the god who reads them will be ecstatic." (28) It can be seen that scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasties preferred this kind of books.

Du Fu's poems, which were also highly praised by Song people, were also adapted into various books. "The Problem of Relieving lent" Volume 14 says: "Six Poems by Du Fu" is 18 volumes, written by Jian 'an Ji Ling and co-edited by Du Fu and Bai. "That is, according to the category of" Liu Tie of Bai ",extract Du Ci. There are also eight poems and six posts in the same kind of books, and the Summary of Four Treasures says: "Eight poems and six posts have twenty-nine volumes, which were written by the champion of the Song Dynasty without a name and copied by Fang Jia. "Eight great poets, the poems of Han Wang. Six posters steal the name of Bai Juyi. Classified obscenity, sentence separation. The name of the book is Wang Shipeng, which should also be done by Song people. "

There are two basic compiling styles of generic books, namely, classification and rhyme (29). Du Fu's poems are regarded as a model of rhyme by Song people. Jian Zheng's preface to the sound and meaning of Du Shaoling's poems said: "It is especially fashionable for the country to pursue its ancestors and become a constitution, and for scholars to learn from each other's strengths and make up for their shortcomings." Cai Mengbi's Notes on Poems in Caotang also said: "Poetry is followed by poetry in addition to selecting scholars in subjects, and the propositions of poetry are mostly poems." (30) Similar to the compilation of Du Fu's poems and Du Fu's Liu Tie's poems, rhyming Du Fu's poems and Du Fu's poetry books appeared in the Song Dynasty. Du Fu's poems written in rhyme are just like Chen Zao's History of Rhyme Poetry. The preface says, "If you want to read beautiful poems, you can read them through. Come to the week to relax, create verse, and sing it in the book. " Chen Zao believes that if we want to achieve high achievements in poetry creation, we must be familiar with the classic works of our predecessors to the extent that we can recite them casually. For example, he said:

Yesterday, Pang asked Donglai how to write poems. Donglai asked, "Is it beautiful to read poems?" Can I recite it secretly? ""not yet. "Give a rare book." The rest of the party opposed him. Please recite this. "If it comes back, it will be catchy. Donglai sent him and said, "I have my own teacher. "Pang nature is named after poetry.

Besides Du Fu's poems, he is also good at writing the works of outstanding poets in the Song Dynasty. "Dongpo, Huang and Ben Chao are decent, and all their poems can be memorized." Unfortunately, the effect is not obvious. "However, poetics is ashamed of the ancients after all, so what?" (3 1) Chen Zao obviously went into the misunderstanding of learning poetry. Rhyme, a method of compiling poems, is rarely used, far from being compared with division, category compilation and department year.

Rhyme books were not uncommon in the Song Dynasty. The fourteenth volume of Reading County Records Zhai recorded two books:

Rhyme, five volumes. Written in Alina Zhang of the right dynasty. A collection of six arts, philosophers and three historical sentences, arranged according to rhyme. Prepare for the poetry examination.

Five volumes of rhyming songs and poems. Andy of the right dynasty compiled epigrams of ancient and modern poets and attached them to the rhyme to prepare for strong rhyme.

Similarly, the Song people also adapted Du Fu's poems into a rhyme book with the theme of poetry history. Wei Liaoweng's preface to the rhyme of ancient Xu Yun's poetry history says: "Xu Yun takes the rhyme of poetry history as the rhyme for forty volumes, which seems to be not helpless." The book extracts poems from Du Fu's poems and composes them with rhymes. Although the philosopher Wei Liaoweng was invited to preface, he didn't like it. "I still hope that Xu Yun, who plays with the Six Classics and is interested in the history of poetry, will immerse himself in righteousness and practice hard to cover what he has seen today." (32).

The most influential of these works is Du Fu's Poem Rhyme, which was reprinted from abroad. Du Fu's Poetic Rhyme was originally named Du Li Liu Hanyun, edited by Li Lv and prefaced by Sun Yi, who called it Du Fu's Poetic Rhyme. This book was written in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, and it was the earliest book compiled by Du Fu. Sun Yi's "Rhyme Preface" said: "Li Shiwu has to be healthy and his family is waiting to be selected. He took four poems of,, Han Libu and Liu, and recorded them with the four tones of "Libu", which rhymed with the same kind. Li Lu is also an expert in reciting Du Fu's poems. " After reading eighteen volumes of Du Zimei's Ancient Poems, I can read every word "(33). More complete than Du Fu's quatrains is Pei's Poems and Songs in Song Dynasty. This book, also known as Poems of Mr. Twelve, records the poems of Du Fu, Li Bai, Gao Shi, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Meng Jiao, Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao. There are six poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, and the significance of respecting Tang and Song Dynasties is obvious. The book is arranged according to the rhyme of Guang Yun, with the anti-tangency of rhyme first, and the poems of various schools as examples later. If such words are too uncommon, they are only phonetic.

The boundary between quasi-books and quasi-poems should be clear, but this is not the case. What's more, there is a set of transitional sentences between them. For example, "Yaoshan Yucai" was written by Xu, Shangguan Yi and others, "absorbing ancient and modern, picking up beautiful words and phrases, which followed" (34), and should be classified as a class of books. The poems of jing yuan, an ancient and modern poet, are similar in nature, but Hu Zhenheng's Ghost in the Tang Dynasty (Volume 3) included them in the Collected Works of Tang People. Because of the similarity between the compilation of poetry and the adaptation of poetry into books, sometimes there is even a complex of the two, such as Xiao's materials of ancient and modern poetry in Song Dynasty and Sikuquanshu, which are listed as a class of books. Sikuquanshu said: "Books are classified and edited by people's poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties, or record the whole article, or cut out one or two couplets and several sentences, but most of them are quatrains. If there are any comments, they are all mixed with poems of various factions and slightly dabbled. " Record the whole poem as a collection of poems, and extract one or several sentences that are a bit like a sentence set or sentence diagram; Taking poems from various schools and adding personal opinions is more or less similar to compiling poems, such as Ruan Yue's "The Turtle in Poetry Talk". The same example is Fang Quan Beizu. Under each flower name, firstly, the "fact ancestor" copied the allusions, then "Fu" included the whole poems, scattered sentences and couplets according to the poetic style, and finally "Yuefu ancestor" included the words. The whole book seems to be the unity of books, poems, poems, sentences and words. This shows the inherent similarity of various forms of classified books.

From the perspective of document preservation, classified compilation is not a good way. In the face of colorful literary creation, especially poetry creation, no matter how complete the classification is, it has the disadvantage of cutting the foot and fitting the shoes, and the classification itself will become cumbersome. However, from the practical point of view of poetry learning or imitation, it is convenient and reasonable to find classified poetry collections. In a sense, classified poetry collection is a transitional form between classified books and ordinary poems. It is still a collection of poems, but it plays the role of a classified book to a certain extent. However, when poetry and prose collections can't meet the needs of learning, people will further adapt them into various books.

The role of classified poetry collections in literary creation is not limited to simply providing materials and templates. As a preliminary result of the ancient people's research on the theme of literary works, especially poems, arranging the poems with the same theme in turn will help poets distinguish similarities and differences (35), better understand the deep meaning and evolution law of poems, and understand the author's writing intention (36), so as to "take the old as the new" and even bring forth the new. The last volume of Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Cong Hua contains: "Zi Mei's Nine Days Cui Lantian Shi Cun says,' Who knows who will be healthy next year? If you are drunk, look at Cornus carefully.' Wang Moqi's Memories of Nine Days of Dongshan Brothers said:' If you know where the brothers are climbing from a distance, there will be one less person everywhere.' Zhu Fang's "Nine Days Up the River with Yang Ning and Cui Shu" said:' That's even worse, just like when he was young. These three people have their own feelings and meanings. Later generations regard this poem as a nine-day poem, which should be used separately according to the situation to make good use of it. The three poems mentioned by Hu Zai can be found in the gate of "Chongyang" in "Ancient and Modern Miscellaneous Fu", and it will be of great benefit for poets to be familiar with such books. It can be seen that the poetry creation method compiled by theme has certain internal similarities with the poetry creation method of "turning iron into gold" and "taking fetus as bone" mentioned by Song people, and they are both positive means to inherit the legacy of previous generations. The prosperity of poetry anthology in Song Dynasty is deeply related to the poetic concept in Song Dynasty.

Precautions:

① There are thirty-seven theories, thirty-eight theories and thirty-nine theories about the stylistic classification of Selected Works. See Mu's Study on Zhao Ming's Selected Works, People's Literature Publishing House, 1998, p. 103- 107. According to Fu Gang's 39 theories, see his Study on Zhaoming's Selected Works, China Social Sciences Press, 2000, p. 185- 192.

(2) According to Cao Daoheng's Arrangement of the Order of Selected Writers, Literary Heritage, No.2, 2003.

③ According to Chronology of Wang Yucheng's Deeds by Xu Gui, The Commercial Press, 2003, p. 193- 194.

(4) The Certificate of Checking Reading in County Zhai, written by Song Chao, and the Certificate of Checking, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1990.

⑤ Wen Yuan Hua Ying (Volume 7 14), edited by Song Liyun, Zhonghua Book Company, 1966.

⑥ Ancient and Modern Miscellaneous Fu, edited by Song Puji, collated by Xu, New Century Global Library, Liaoning Education Press, 1998 edition. This figure was worked out by the proofreader after the merger of the original edition and the Ming edition. See the description in the book.

⑦ Yun, Editor-in-Chief, Summary of the General Contents of Sikuquanshu, Zhonghua Book Company, 1965 edition. All the books quoted below are referred to as Sikuquanshu for short.

Today, another exception is that The Collected Works of Mr. Ying Bin is enlarged by category, and "Poetry and Prose are classified by category". See Fu Zengxiang's Catalogue of Books in Tibetan Gardens, Volume XIII.

⑨ Wan Man's Poems of Tang Poetry and Wei Suzhou said: "Generally speaking, the poetry collection rate of Tang people is undifferentiated." (Zhonghua Book Company, 1966 edition, p. 87) Mr. Wan Man is a famous edition expert. His textual research on Xu Lu is quite accurate, but this conclusion is one-sided.

Attending quoted from Du Fu's Detailed Notes and Addendum, Du Fu's Detailed Notes, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979, p. 2237.

(1 1) See Wang Lan's Textbook Compilation and Spreading, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 2003, p. 6 1.

(12) is quoted from Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, People's Literature Publishing House, 1962, p. 145.

(13) Preface and Postscript to the Red Rain Tower, Volume I, Fujian People's Publishing House, 1993, p. 29.

(14) For the discussion of this paragraph, please refer to Xu's Textual Research on Other Books before Tang Dynasty, No.4, 2003.

(15) Poetry in the Garden says: "There are no ancient books, no local chronicles and no vocabulary, so Sandu and Erjing are endowed with a few words, so it is necessary to collect a number of books, extensively collect local customs and then write them. If it can only bloom, just shake it for a while. Therefore, the noble people in Luoyang have always kept a copy at home, which should be made into books and county records. " (Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000 edition, page 6)

(16) Collection of Literature and Art, written by Tang and proofread by Wang, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1965.

(17) Wen Yiduo's Classics and Poetry, Miscellaneous Comments on Tang Poetry, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1998, pp. 4-5.

(18) Ge's article "Advocating the Creation Paradigm and Popularizing Poetry in the Early Tang Dynasty —— Talking from Li Qiao" (Literary Heritage, No.6, 1995) proves that Li Qiao's Zayong is a poem written in poetic style from two aspects: parallelism and allusion.

(19) Tang's Preface to Wang Bo's Collection, Collection, Volume 3, Series 4.