Calendar of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Based on solar terms, the calendar is determined according to the cycle of the earth's orbit around the sun. This is an aspect of the calendar's revolution in the summer calendar. However, the individual components from the calendar to the summer calendar still have some places to inherit and learn from. Therefore, in order to understand the origin of each component of the calendar, it is necessary to analyze and study it. The contents of the calendar can be analyzed as follows:

Solar terms (such as "beginning of spring")

Year (366 days a year)

Name of year (such as "Hao Gui")

Month names (such as "First Month" and "February")

Monthly construction (such as "Jiayin")

Japanese names (such as "human voice" on the first day of the lunar calendar)

Spend the night, eg on the first day of the lunar calendar

Accommodation in the middle of the month (such as the establishment of Jiayin "Niu Su" in the first month)

Worship (for example, solar terms are the backbone of the solar calendar) The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom created the solar calendar, and took solar terms as the basic law for making calendars, which is the most insightful and crucial place to grasp. There are "new moon" and "qi" in China's calendar. The new moon is related to the lunar calendar, and every month is based on the lunar calendar. Qi is related to the sun, and every solar term depends on the sun. China calendar is called solar terms because it starts from the winter solstice, that is, the middle of 1 1 month, which is represented by the winter solstice.

There are two ways to determine the solar terms. The ancient calendar in China was called "Constant Qi", that is, the week of a year was divided into 24 equal parts, and each solar term accounted for a quarter of the number of days in the whole year, which was about 15.2 1875, that is, fifteen was an odd number, so it was also called "even Qi". It was not until the constitutional calendar was promulgated in the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1645) that the calendar was changed to "fixed gas", based on the actual arrival time of the sun. For example, strange things happen on 14 in winter and 16 in summer, and other solar terms are different, so the days of each solar term are uneven. In order to make the calendar even and tidy, the solar terms are not fixed, but constant.

The calendar uses constant gas, and because the odd and even numbers of 12 months are easy to remember, the distribution method has changed slightly since the Han Dynasty. People in the Han dynasty advocated constant qi, which is divided into four years, because the number of days in each qi is 15.2 1875, and there will be odd zeros after one year, which will last for four years, and then become a whole day, and so on. Today, compare the constant gas days in the ancient quarter calendar with the calendar:

In four years, the distance between Qi and Qi is different. For example, the calendar of Yong Guang in the Western Han Dynasty (the first 39 years) recorded in Liusha Bamboo Slips is full of winter solstice and beginning of spring.

October [1] is small and exquisite, and the winter solstice is ten days.

In December, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, Shen Bing applied for beginning of spring.

At this time, taichu calendar method was used. In "noon", "noon" and "Yin" years, a line of days should be checked in the second year, but after the winter solstice, it belongs to the next year, and in "not", "hai" and "Mao" years, it should be checked in the third year. In the third year, from the solstice of winter to the beginning of spring, * * * 46th (45th in both the first year and the second year), and the perpetual calendar from Geng Xu to Shen Bing happens to be 46th. Therefore, the use of constant gas in ancient times was very strict. It is difficult to find the same accuracy as the ancient constant gas if the calendar wants to have a fixed number of days in a year.

Knowing that the constant gas in a Gregorian calendar year is different from that in ancient times, it is impossible for the solar terms in the calendar to be exactly the same as those in the constitutional book of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, but it is not difficult to know the relationship between them through calculation. Today, we try to infer the winter solstice and beginning of spring in the first and second years of Xianfeng as follows:

On the first day of November in the first year of Xianfeng, Qing Dynasty, at 5: 36 p.m. on Sunday, the winter solstice of 2397479.

185 1 year1February 22nd, the winter solstice.

In the first year of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 1 1 month 18, the winter solstice was one day earlier.

December 15th, the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, Shen Bing Confucianism Sunday, beginning of spring in 2397523, 10: 29 pm.

1February 4th, 852, beginning of spring.

Beginning of spring, the first day of the first month of the second year of Renzi in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Qing Xianfeng, 2002 1 1 month1Sunday, Dingsi Julian, 2397844 winter to Sunday night 1 1: 28.

1852 1 February 21day, the winter solstice.

The winter solstice on November 17, the second year of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Qing Xianfeng, 20021February 27th Renyin Confucianism Sunday 2397889 beginning of spring 4: 02 am.

1February 4, 853, beginning of spring.

Beginning of spring on the first day of the first month of the third year of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

The era of the calendar can be said to be the beginning of the spring day in the second year of Renzi, which is indeed the beginning of spring day. It happened that beginning of spring, which lasted for three years, also met beginning of spring, and he made up his mind. It can be seen that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom began to arrange calendars in the second year of Renzi, and its starting point was beginning of spring Day. It borrowed the constitutional books and the fixed beginning of spring of the solar calendar at that time, which really coincided with the astronomical phenomena. Two years in beginning of spring, three years in beginning of spring, actually 366 days. However, this is only a leap year phenomenon, and it is different every year. Therefore, in the first year of Xinkai, beginning of spring was one day ahead of schedule (usually beginning of spring on February 4th of the solar calendar), and in the fourth year of Jiayin, beginning of spring was one day behind schedule, and the number of errors increased by three days every four years. So before nine years, there is a correction method of "doing it for forty years". Beginning of spring Day in the 19th year of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is compared with the solar calendar as follows:

As can be seen from the table, the calendar arrangement began in the second year of Renzi, beginning of spring and Tianhe, that is, beginning of spring Day. The first year of Xinkai was the other way around, so the winter solstice and beginning of spring Day of the previous day were wrong. Jia Yin four years, is the day after the mistake. Every year after the leap year in the solar calendar is one day less wrong, because the leap year in the solar calendar is 366 days. The order of each lunar month from one to thirty or twenty-nine also began in the Han Dynasty. Zhou, Qin above, but the name of the day is made by the dry branch, and the number of days is not recorded. Auspicious day, an excellent ancient culture in China, has an ancient origin, and it is unknown when it will be verified. However, it has a long history, which is unmatched by other countries in the world as far as the Oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Dynasty can indicate. In the Oracle Bone Inscriptions collected by Ku and Fang Er in the 1595 edition, it is recorded as the night of Gengshen in the 29th year of Yin Wuding and the total lunar eclipse in Andrew on December 15th, which is equivalent to131BC, julian calendar 1 1 month 23rd. From the date of this eclipse, Gengshen, to the first day of January (19 12), Bingzi, julian calendar Sunday, 24 1403, this is truly reliable and continuous, and the other day is not a mistake. It took 3222 years, 1 176497 days. If you count the move from Pan Geng to Yin, there are still 12 1 10,000 days. This method of marking dates for a long time is really shocking. If you push it further, you will be farther away. The dates of cadres and branches have nothing to do with superstition. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, only the dry branches were named as Japanese names, and there was absolutely no such thing as yin and yang and five elements being good or bad. In the meantime, many superstitions gradually increased after the Han dynasty, and by the time of the Qing dynasty, it was already a great achievement. Another purpose of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's new calendar is to get rid of superstitions, so it is really a great pleasure to clean up all the superstitions in the almanac at one stroke. However, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom kept the precious old method of marking the day with dry branches, and used dry branches as the name of the day. It is the place where people of insight in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom criticized and accepted the past culture to take the dry branch as the representative symbol of heaven and repeat the original image of the ancient dry branch. As for the dates of branches and branches in the calendar, they are recorded in the order handed down from generation to generation. The new two-year calendar of Renzi, created by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not only followed the constitutional book at that time, but also followed the constitutional book at that time. A branch is the name of a day. On this day, on the long and huge timeline, there is a fixed point that cannot be moved. This can be proved not only by Julian Day, but also by 28 nights and solar terms. The calendar was founded on the first day of the first month in the second year of Renzi. The comparison between the new calendar and Julian Day is as follows:

Renzi applied on the first day of the first month of the second year.

Julian, Sunday, 2397523, the first day of Ren Yin Niu Lichun.

Gui Rong's daughter is in the second day of junior high school

Virtual worship in grade three

There is danger on the fourth day.

The fifth day is the afternoon room.

The sixth day of the sixth year is not beautiful.

Wu Shenkui of the seventh grade

The eighth day of the eighth lunar month.

On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month

On the tenth day of the Lunar New Year, prayer began.

Xi yi ren zi bi

Dodecyl cassava starch

Shi Sanjia Shen Yin

Shisiyi Jing Rong

Wu Shibin Chen Kui

The fourteenth willow tree

Rain worship in the 17 th Five-Year Star

18 hasn't been revealed yet.

Shijiuyi

Twenty-one mind has one heart.

Xu Yiren pt.

Twenty-two decyl ADHD

Er Shi San Jia Di Zi

24 b good house worship

Twenty-five soldiers Yin Xin

Er Liu Shi Ding Rongwei

Ershiqiwu chenji

28 have already fought.

29 Wugeng cattle

Thirty Xin Wei women

3 1 Non-application for virtual worship

Beginning of spring, the first day of school.

Gui Rong's daughter is in the second day of junior high school

Virtual worship in grade three

There is danger on the fourth day.

The fifth day is the afternoon room.

The sixth day of the sixth year is not beautiful.

Wu Shenkui of the seventh grade

The eighth day of the eighth lunar month.

On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month

On the tenth day of the Lunar New Year, prayer began.

Xi yi ren zi bi

Dodecyl cassava starch

Shi Sanjia Shen Yin

Shisiyi Jing Rong

Wu Shibin Chen Kui

The fourteenth willow tree

Rain worship in the 17 th Five-Year Star

18 hasn't been revealed yet.

Shijiuyi

Twenty-one mind has one heart.

Xu Yiren pt.

Twenty-two decyl ADHD

Er Shi San Jia Di Zi

24 b good house worship

Twenty-five soldiers Yin Xin

Er Liu Shi Ding Rongwei

Ershiqiwu chenji

28 have already fought.

29 Wugeng cattle

Thirty Xin Wei women

3 1 Non-application for virtual worship

This chapter briefly explains the making method of calendar and the reform of the old calendar. Then the calendar is arranged from 1 month to1February. Its content is very concise: numbers and branches record the order of the day. 28 nights is a memorial service. Beginning of spring is the first "festival" every year, on the first day of the first month of every year, so the word "beginning of spring" is written on the first day of the first month. Rain is the first breath every year, and the interval between beginning of spring and rain is sixteen days, so the word "rain" is also recorded on the 17th day of the first month. Sunday is the day when 28 nights are arranged in houses, empty houses, stars and coffins. On the third day of the first month, it was Sunday, so it was marked "worship" below. "Renyin" and "Rong Gui" are dry branches, which have continued since Yin, and another day is good, so they have been preserved in the calendar. As for all the superstitious ideas in the old almanac, such as avoiding good luck and evil, copying mechanically and so on. , they should be deleted. In addition, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom approached ugliness with the voice of "ugliness" and changed to "goodness"; The sound of "hai" is nearly harmful, so it is changed to "open"; The sound of "Mao" is close to that of "Mei", but it was changed to "Rong" in Guangzhou Kuiwen dialect. Yang, the king of the East, replied to Article 31 of the British and questioned Article 50 of the English alphabet, saying, "The names of cadres and branches are changed because of their indecent pronunciation." That is. Because the word "ghost" was taboo in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the word "ghost lodge" in 28 hotels was changed to "kui lodge"; In order to avoid Dong Wangyang, he designated Tomb-Sweeping Day as Qingming. This is the difference between calendar words. Nine years later, he ordered historians to make a monthly order to record the annual solar terms and vegetation germination, and attached it to the calendar in the same month of the following year for farmers' reference. For example, the calendar of April in the eleventh year was attached to the monthly order of April in the tenth year of Gengshen.

There is a warm land in the south of long summer, planting two crops, planting sweet potato seedlings and sorghum.

There are two kinds of white beans in long summer, which are cold in the north, and some have fallen seeds so far.

Chang Xia San zhong you ma

In the long summer, it is cold in the north, and millet is planted.

Eight honeysuckle flowers in long summer, peony in full bloom.

Nine kinds of cyan in long summer. Ten kinds of jute in long summer.

In the long summer, it rained on 14.

Xiaoman began to insert fields when it was cold in the north. The basic law of the next day