What problems should we pay attention to in autumn and winter?

In autumn, the weather is dry, so you can't overeat, eat too much irritating food, be cold and avoid cold, and make up for it.

1. Don't eat too much.

In autumn, most people tend to eat too much because of the pleasant climate and abundant food. Excessive calorie intake will turn into fat accumulation and make people fat. As the saying goes, it is called "long autumn is heavy". In autumn, we should pay attention to moderation, but we should not indulge our appetite and eat and drink.

2. Eat less irritating food

In autumn, we should eat less pungent and spicy foods, such as peppers and peppers, and eat more fruits and vegetables, such as wax gourd, radish, zucchini, eggplant, green leafy vegetables, apples and bananas. In addition, it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of all kinds of damp heat, because all foods with spicy smell have the function of emitting, so it is recommended to eat some spicy foods, such as celery.

Don't eat anything too cold

As the weather turns from hot to cold in autumn, the physiological metabolism of human body changes to adapt to this change. Pay special attention to the diet not to be too cold, so as not to cause gastrointestinal indigestion and various digestive tract diseases.

4. Tonics should not be made indiscriminately.

Autumn is a season suitable for tonic, but tonic should not be made indiscriminately. Be careful not to make up for illness, and not to make up for it indiscriminately. Pay attention to the appropriate amount of tonic, and avoid taking medicine as a food supplement. The food tonic mainly nourishes yin and moistens dryness, including black-bone chicken, pig lung, turtle meat, bird's nest, tremella, honey, sesame, soybean milk, lotus root, walnut, coix seed, peanut, duck egg, spinach and pear. These foods are more effective when used in combination with other beneficial foods or traditional Chinese medicines.

In winter, the climate is cold, with yin flourishing and yang declining. Under the influence of cold temperature, the physiological function and appetite of human body will change. Therefore, it is very necessary to adjust the diet reasonably, ensure the sufficiency of essential nutrients, improve the cold tolerance and immune function of the elderly, and make them spend the winter safely and smoothly.

First of all, we must ensure the supply of heat energy. The cold climate in winter affects the endocrine system of human body, which increases the secretion of thyroxine and adrenaline, thus promoting and accelerating the decomposition of protein, fat and carbohydrate, increasing the body's ability to keep out the cold and leading to excessive heat loss. Therefore, nutrition in winter should be based on increasing heat energy, and foods rich in carbohydrates and fats can be properly ingested. For the elderly, the intake of fat should not be too much, so as not to induce other diseases of the elderly, but the intake of protein should be sufficient, because protein's catabolism is enhanced, and the human body is prone to negative nitrogen balance. The supply of protein should be 15 ~ 17% of the total calories, and the supply of protein should be mainly high-quality protein, such as lean meat, eggs, fish, milk, beans and their products. Protein contained in these foods is not only easy for human body to digest and absorb, but also rich in essential amino acids with high nutritional value, which can increase human body's cold resistance and disease resistance.

Winter is the off-season of vegetables, the number of vegetables is small, and the varieties are monotonous, especially in the north of China, because it is a philosophy department with science as the research object, similar to philosophy of law and politics, which is more prominent. Therefore, often after a winter, the human body appears vitamin deficiency, such as vitamin A, vitamin B, especially vitamin C, which causes many elderly people to have oral ulcers, swollen gums, bleeding, constipation and other symptoms. Its prevention and control methods should first expand the food sources, and the green leafy vegetables are relatively reduced in winter, so you can eat some potatoes appropriately, such as sweet potatoes and potatoes. Both are rich in vitamin C, and red-heart sweet potatoes also contain more carotene. Eating more potatoes can not only supplement vitamins, but also clear away heat and eliminate plague. In addition to Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish heart, white radish, carrot, bean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, rape and so on. It should also be selected in the main course listed in winter. These vegetables are rich in vitamins. As long as the varieties are changed frequently and matched reasonably, the vitamin demand of human body can still be supplemented.

The cold in winter will also affect the nutritional metabolism of the human body and increase the consumption of various nutrients to varying degrees. Due to the influence of digestion, absorption and metabolism in the body, the elderly are often prone to lack potassium, calcium, sodium, iron and other elements. In addition, the inorganic salts discharged with urine in winter increase, which should be supplemented in time. You can eat more foods rich in calcium, iron, sodium and potassium, such as shrimp, shrimp skin, sesame paste, pork liver and bananas. If there is low sodium, it tastes slightly salty when cooking, so it can be supplemented.

What matters should be paid attention to in autumn and winter fire prevention? Citizens should pay attention to fire prevention in autumn and winter. Proper use of household appliances and good habit of using fire can effectively prevent fires. The points for attention are as follows: Item 1: Do not connect wires without permission, use safety fuses, and do not replace fuses with copper wires. Item 2: incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps should keep a safe distance of at least 0.5 meters from combustible materials; Do not use cloth, paper and other flammable materials as lampshades; The wires near lamps with poor heat dissipation conditions should be protected by heat-resistant insulating sheath. Item 3: Ensure that electrical appliances have sufficient heat dissipation conditions, and do not place flammable items such as curtains, clothes and books around televisions, air conditioners, computers, electric heaters and refrigerators. Item 4: Don't use electric heating rods, hair dryers, induction cookers and other appliances when no one is around, and pay attention to cutting off the power supply when people walk. Item 5: Always check whether there are any faults such as damage, short circuit and poor contact. Electrical wiring, repair in time when problems are found. Item 6: There should be a separate place for stoves with open flames such as liquefied gas and coal stoves, with good ventilation and a distance of at least one meter from combustible materials. Seventh: Develop a good habit of using fire, and don't throw cigarette butts and match stalks at will. Item 8: Don't use high-power electrical appliances, and don't use several electrical appliances with power exceeding 1000 watt at the same time, so as to avoid line overload and fire. Item 9: In case of gas leakage, quickly close the gas source valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, do not touch the electrical switch and use naked flame, and promptly notify the professional maintenance department for handling. Article 10: When household appliances or lines catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Don't throw water directly to put out the fire, so as not to get an electric shock or explosion and hurt people.

10 this month, the weather gradually turned cold, and everyone put on autumn clothes and prepared for winter clothes. In this season, are you ready to buy a car before winter? To this end, the reporter interviewed experts from auto repair companies. First, check the exterior of the vehicle. If there are obvious scratches, external painting should be carried out in time. Because the function of paint is not only beautiful, but also rust-proof. Second, check the oil. Before the cold snap comes, you should pay attention to whether the oil you choose for your car is universal in all seasons. If not, it should be replaced with oil that is more suitable for winter use in time. In addition, by the way, check whether the oil used for transmission, transfer case, differential and steering gear is correct, because the cold climate will aggravate the wear and tear of these parts. Third, check the antifreeze. In general, it is changed once every two years, but the liquid level consumption will be relatively large in summer. Many car owners will directly add water to antifreeze when they find that antifreeze is losing money. At this time, the concentration of antifreeze will naturally decrease, so it is best to do a freezing point test in 4S shop before winter to determine whether antifreeze needs to be replaced. Fourth, check the brake system. Pay attention to whether the brake fluid is sufficient and the quality is deteriorated. If necessary, it should be supplemented or replaced in time. Pay attention to whether the brake is weakened or deviated, the pedaling strength of the brake pedal, and the position of the wheel locking point when braking. If necessary, clean the pipeline part of the entire braking system. 5. Check the battery. Starting a car thousands of miles away is the first step. Obviously, no car can be started without a battery, so the maintenance of the battery becomes particularly important before winter. Generally speaking, the normal service life of a battery is 2-3 years. The way to repair the battery is to check whether the big wire connector of the battery is loose or corroded. If it is loose, tighten it with a live wrench. It doesn't matter if it is corroded or alkaline. Just rinse with hot water. For owners who use wet batteries, it is also necessary to check the liquid level of battery electrolyte. If the liquid level is lower than the marking line, it is necessary to add special supplementary water for electrolyte. Sixth, check the air conditioner. There will be some minor problems in the air conditioning and heating system after a long rest. It's best to make good use of your spare time to check and fix problems in time. Whether there is hot air, abnormal fan operation and water leakage in the room under the working condition of hot test car. If there is no hot air, it may be because the heating is not used for a long time, which leads to the long-term non-flow of circulating water in the heating pipe and the condensation blocking the circulating pipe. After running for a period of time, you need to go to the service station for maintenance. Seven, check the air inlet or air intake grille, electronic fan and other positions for sundries. Compressed air can be used to blow away the dust. After the engine is cooled, use a water gun to wash the above parts from the inside out. Eight, check whether the tire has obvious trauma, scratches and whether the tire pressure is standard. In autumn and winter, rubber is brittle, which not only reduces the friction coefficient, but also makes it easier to leak air and puncture tires. It is necessary to pay attention to regularly cleaning the inclusions in the tire tread, try to avoid using tires that have been mended more than once, and it is not negligible to replace tires with large wear and different brands and patterns. Nine, check the wiper blade. After a summer's efforts, the aging of rubber products such as wiper blades has been very serious. In order to ensure driving safety, it is best to replace the wiper blade once a year. When replacing the wiper blade, don't blindly increase the length and width of the wiper strip, because the original factory has made the best design for washing the visual field. Although privately extending the length of the wiper blade can increase the visual range of the window, it will also increase the burden of electrical equipment such as wiper motor. X. Check the glass water. With the replacement of wiper blades, there is also glass water in winter. In more than a month, the night temperature in Beijing will drop to zero. If the glass water tank is filled with tap water, it will freeze and crack the water tank after freezing, which is not worth the candle. In fact, you can prepare your own glass water in winter. Just add a proper proportion of alcohol to clean water and use it with detergent, which has both antifreeze and cleaning effects.

In winter, people go to bed early and get up late, which is the most easy season to get fat, so some people do several sit-ups before going to bed every day, in an attempt to use these exercises to suppress the abdomen that gets fat in winter. But it often backfires.

It is pointed out in the study that if sit-ups are trained less than 150 times each time, the purpose of losing weight will not be achieved. Although sit-ups are very tired, they don't consume a lot of calories, just like doing pull-ups on the horizontal bar. Although very tired, but the consumption is not more than running, so sit-ups are not ideal exercise to lose weight.

So, what exercise is best for losing weight in winter? Usually efficient aerobic exercise is the best exercise to lose weight. Aerobic exercise means that during those exercises, the oxygen obtained through breathing can be continuously supplied to the moving muscles, and glycogen and fat are metabolized to provide energy under the action of enzymes to maintain continuous exercise, such as cycling, walking, climbing stairs, running and swimming. The so-called high efficiency refers to the large number of joints and muscles involved in exercise per unit time. For example, boating and riding fitness equipment that can kick your legs. Studies have shown that after aerobic exercise for more than 20 minutes, the body will mobilize glycogen and fat as heat sources to provide energy after the blood sugar is basically consumed. Therefore, aerobic exercise training for more than 20 minutes at a time is the most effective for losing weight.