What common problems should we pay attention to in order to grow high-yield watermelons?

Watermelon is one of the fruits we often see in summer. Watermelon is sweet and juicy and very popular with consumers. Watermelon is usually planted in spring and autumn. Although it is also planted out of season, the relative input cost is high and the sales volume in the market is not as big as that in summer. When planting watermelon, we need to know which planting techniques are beneficial to the high quality and high yield of watermelon.

1, sowing date, watermelon planting in early spring, generally at 10 cm, and the ground temperature can be stabilized above 15 degrees before planting or direct seeding. Watermelons planted in the open field generally begin to be raised in the middle and late March, and it takes about 30 days to plant in the middle and late April, and generally it takes about 60 days to reach the listing standard. Late ripening watermelon is also called autumn watermelon. Most of them choose to plant seedlings between summer solar terms and summer solar terms, and harvest before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival. Therefore, when planting watermelons, we should choose according to the time when we are ready to go on the market.

2. Choose the corresponding watermelon varieties, which can be divided into early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity. According to the time of sowing, the time of listing should be calculated. When planting in early spring, we should consider the early maturity of watermelon varieties, so that watermelons can mature earlier and be listed earlier. Watermelon varieties with good early maturity, high quality and high yield should be selected, which are in line with local consumption habits. In spring, varieties with good early maturity are selected for small arch shed cultivation, and varieties with high quality, high yield, high sugar content and large size are generally selected for open field cultivation, such as the common Xinhongbao and Admiralty Guanlong. When choosing watermelon varieties, we should know more about the characteristics of watermelon, whether it is early or late maturity, whether it has good stress and insect resistance, how sugar content is, whether it is resistant to storage and transportation, etc.

3. Pre-sowing treatment: Watermelon can be raised in nutrient pots, paper shells and seedling trays. Before seedling raising, spread watermelon seeds evenly on sacks, expose them to the sun for a day, wake up the dormant watermelon seeds, then soak them in warm water for about an hour, rub off the mucus on the surface by hand, and put them in immediately after taking them out. Soak watermelon seeds in 0. 1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for about 10 hour, let them absorb enough water, take them out, rinse them with clean water, and then put them in a dark, humid and warm environment to accelerate germination. When the temperature is controlled at 30~35 degrees for about three days, watermelon seeds can basically germinate together. Now it is simple and convenient to use the incubator to accelerate germination. If the watermelon seeds are not germinated, they can also be coated with seed coating agent before sowing, so that the sown watermelon seeds are not as uniform as the germinated seeds.

4. When sowing, the watermelon seedbed should be selected in the field with sunny lee, high dryness and loose and fertile soil. The land where watermelons are planted should be fertilized 10~ 15 days in advance, the land should be leveled, and watermelon seedlings should be planted on the ridge. Watermelons planted in spring should also be covered with a plastic film, which is conducive to raising ground temperature and preserving moisture. According to the characteristics of early maturity and late maturity of watermelons, early maturity watermelons should be planted densely, and middle and late maturity watermelons should be planted sparsely. Generally, it is found that the row spacing of watermelons is 2.2~2.5 meters, the plant spacing is 50~60 cm, and the row spacing of middle and late maturity watermelons is 2.5~2.8 meters, and the plant spacing is 70~80 cm. Watermelons planted directly in the open field should be covered with plastic film one week in advance to increase the soil temperature. Sowing should be carried out when the local temperature is stable at 10 cm. Silver-gray plastic film should be used to weed and prevent aphids. Watermelon is best not to be planted continuously.

5. Transplant watermelon seedlings. Generally, the age of Xin Wei of watermelon is about 30 days, and three leaves can be transplanted with one heart. Before transplanting, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+thiamethoxam+016+2000 times solution +0.2% urea can be sprayed on the leaves as "settling fertilizer", which is easy to take root and return to seedlings quickly after planting.

6. Fertilize watermelon fields. Watermelon is of high quality and high yield, and high-quality farmyard manure 1 ton, bean cake 100 kg, 45% potassium sulfate controlled-release NPK fertilizer 50 kg and beneficial microbial organic fertilizer 50 kg can be used per mu.

6, water management, watermelon drought and waterlogging tolerance. After the watermelon is planted and returned to seedlings, proper squatting is beneficial to sitting on the melon. Xiaoshui can be watered once during the vine extension period of Xituan tree. Early spring, the temperature is low. Watermelon should be watered in sunny morning, and the temperature is high in summer and autumn. Watermelon should be watered in the evening or early morning. Watermelon should be watered frequently when it enters the expansion period after sitting on the melon. Appropriate amount of fully decomposed human excrement and urine can be applied along the water, or appropriate amount of multi-element amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can be applied along the water. Irrigation should be stopped one week before watermelon picking to prevent excessive water from reducing flavor.