How to answer Chinese questions?

(A) analysis and appreciation of the expression skills of the article

1, rhetoric (1) confirms the rhetoric used and points out the rhetoric used. (2) Clear answer direction. When answering questions, we must analyze the specific function of each rhetorical device in combination with the content of the sentence. Generally speaking, the rhetorical device of description is used to make the object of description vivid. There are mainly metaphors, personification and exaggeration; Rhetorical devices of structural classes play a prominent role, mainly including duality, parallelism and repetition; The rhetorical devices of expression are used to enhance mood, mainly including rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions. The details are as follows: metaphor-making things vivid, vivid and concrete, giving people a vivid impression; Turn intangible into tangible. Make the profound truth simple, visualize the abstract truth, and vividly highlight the characteristics of ontology with concrete images, thus enhancing the interest and vividness of the article. Answer format: vivid and vivid+things+personification-make things have certain feelings and facilitate the expression of certain feelings. Can make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, produce strong feelings, and cause * * *. (Metaphor: vivid in color, vivid in image and rich in meaning) If you describe things as "you" yourself, it will not only make things have some human feelings, but also have a kind and natural expression effect. Parallelism-strongly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. Enhance the momentum, strengthen the tone, do it in one go, and highlight the key points. Argumentative writing often increases language potential and plays a role in strengthening argumentation. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest. Answer format: it emphasizes+object+feature exaggeration-it can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things, express feelings more strongly, and arouse readers' strong * * *. Enlarge opinions and feelings, emphasize love and hate right and wrong, and make beauty and ugliness more vivid. Duality-neat syllables, symmetrical morphology, strong sense of rhythm and beautiful melody; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality. Ask questions-ask questions without doubt, know perfectly well past them, attract attention, inspire thinking and highlight the effect. Arouse readers' interest and make them think. Used at the beginning or end of a paragraph, it can not only arouse thinking, but also play a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following. When used in argumentative writing, the argument can be deepened and the context is clear. Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics-express affirmation in the form of negation, express clearly, with the aim of strengthening tone and playing the role of emphasis and reinforcement. Repetition-compact, spectacular and expressive. For example, question 29 of 1998 can be answered in this way: using repeated rhetoric, the solar terms are closely linked and the fleeting time is emphasized. Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme of the article. Metonymy: vivid and vivid language is conducive to expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. Quote: add meaning to the sentence, enrich the content of the article, increase the expression effect and enhance the persuasiveness. (Attachment: the function of quotation marks: quotation, emphasis, specific title, negation, irony, irony) Dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progress, topic change, interjection. Pun: the expression is implicit and rich in meaning. On the one hand, it can make the language humorous, on the other hand, it can adapt to the needs of special context, make the expression subtle, tortuous and vivid, and enhance the expressive force of the article. 2. The problem-solving method of expression: (1) Confirm the expression used. (2) It is clear that the functions of commonly used expression techniques are as follows: symbol: extending things, implying vivid images, concretizing abstract things, stimulating associations, and restraining with strong appeal: suppressing before promoting or suppressing before promoting can make the article tortuous, highlighting the emotional contrast of liking, praising or criticizing and satirizing; making the images vivid, and putting two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together and comparing them with each other. Highlight the author's feelings about this matter or the truth. Use contrast, or make the contradiction of opposing things stand out clearly, reveal the essence and give people profound enlightenment. Or make the two aspects of contrast set off each other, complement each other, give people a deep impression, make the image more vivid, the characteristics more obvious, the truth more profound and the contradictions more acute. Contrast and contrast have no priority. Set off: highlight what you want to express and strengthen your thoughts and feelings. There are primary and secondary points. Rendering: Set up a stage for writing and create an atmosphere. Metaphor: vivid and easy to understand. See the big from the small: show people and things. Irony: It has two functions: expressing intimate feelings between people and exposing criticism. Bitterness, satire, humor and ridicule make the article full of fighting spirit. Please make up for it in time when you encounter other methods. (3) Make clear the expressions used and answer with sentence content.

(2) Expression category-Generally speaking, the idea of solving problems is to identify the specific expressions used in paragraphs or texts: 1. 2. Make clear the specific classification and function of the five expressions (narrative argument and lyric description) so as to make it clear when answering questions. 3. Confirm what kind of expression is used in the specified paragraph, and analyze it in combination with the article. Knowledge reserve: the general function of using descriptive techniques: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work. Portrait description expresses character with vivid action description and character with language description. Psychological description reveals the inner world of the characters. Scenery description plays up the atmosphere, sets off the characters, and entrusts with emotional sketches, which are concise, accurate and nuanced, and the details are visible. Specifically and vividly insert rich content, deepen the theme, and set suspense in twists and turns. Attract interest, make the finishing point after ups and downs, point out the theme as a metaphor to demonstrate a vivid image, express your feelings directly and easily, express your feelings directly and vividly, and describe the scenery implicitly from the perspective of things: visual, auditory, taste and tactile methods to describe the scenery: dynamic and static combination (writing static with motion), from far and near (or from near and far) generalization and concrete combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination. Interpretation methods: give examples, list numbers, compare, define, classify, explain, imitate appearance and quote argumentative papers. Argumentation method: demonstrate with examples (or facts) (function: concrete reality, easy for readers to accept and enhance explanatory power), reason (sometimes called quoting arguments) and contrast (or positive and negative contrast). The expression of argumentative paragraphs is often: what views have been demonstrated or established through criticism. Descriptive paragraphs are often expressed in the following ways: explain (introduce) what features (characteristics) of what objects.

(3) Paragraph-based writing-a solution to the function of sentence paragraphs in the article: 1. Confirm the position of the specified sentence paragraph in the article. 2. Make clear the function of sentences and the direction of answering questions. Specific appreciation is considered from three aspects: content (what is written and what is unique in selecting materials); Form (writing method, language features, rhetoric); The structural function of emotion (the social value and significance of the article, etc. ) as follows: a. Opening paragraph: Opening title: Rendering atmosphere; Lay a good foundation; Set suspense; Pave the way for the following; Below the general collar; Responsible for the whole article; Cut to the chase; Contextual contrast; Render the atmosphere; Set the tone; Reveal the theme. B, the middle paragraph: connecting the preceding with the following (summarizing something above, causing a description of what is below); Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Lay a good foundation; Pave the way; Combination of details; Enrich the content c, the ending paragraph: point out the center and deepen the theme; Care begins; Echoing the previous article; Draw a dragon to clean up; Sublimate feelings; Zhang Xianzhi; Implicit and memorable; Entrust the author's feelings. Make the structure round head and tail; Words are endless, meaning is endless. 3. Answer by combining the position of the paragraph and its role in the article.

(4) Object analysis type 1. Character analysis: First of all, we can start with the author's portrait description, action description, language description and psychological description to understand the language, appearance, action and psychology of the characters. Every gesture, action or language description should correspond to the excellent quality shown, and it is impossible to be arrogant. Secondly, try to figure out the characters and analyze the connotation revealed in the description of the characters, that is, the character characteristics of the characters and the meaning of the image. Third, understand the author's creative intention and analyze the characters from the theme and emotional tendency of the works revealed by the author. 2. Object analysis: From the structural form of the article to the main idea of the content to the thoughts and feelings, we should think from multiple angles. (1) The specific thinking angle of the article structure: structure: end-to-end planning; Detailed arrangement of priorities; Infiltration of writing clues; Connection of transitional reference; The setting of suspense. (2) Detailed content analysis. Thinking angle: the clue function of linking context: b) enriching content; Deepening and sublimation of theme c; D pinned the author's thoughts and feelings. For example, in the sad melody, Jing Ke bid farewell to Yan Taizi Dan and set foot on the point of no return. The reed flowers behind him must be the light intestines in the cold wind, surrounding the banks of the Wujiang River, and the overlord of the place of Chu is heartbroken. In the lament of "what can I do if I'm worried?", the concubine waved her sword and fluttered her skirt to make a final end. The place where she fell was white, foggy and white. This is a row of reed flowers, falling snow and frost as a sad farewell. On the Guluo River, Qu Yuan, who was singing, hid his face and wept, sighing and asking questions. I am authoritarian, and the king of Chu is fatuous. Living in a temple can't solve problems for the people; You can't go to the countryside to solve problems for the people. The great loneliness of life stagnates in the heart, rushes to the chest and makes the poet jump into the river. Ripples are the tears of reeds, flowing in the wet night. Green reed leaves wrapped in the reverence and yearning of future generations plunged into the long river of history and became the deepest commemoration of the Dragon Boat Festival. (Excerpted from Zhang Chi's "Reed in the Heart") What role does this "reed flower" play? The answer is: (1) is the clue of serial events. ② Rendered a sad atmosphere. (3) Lu Hua witnessed, recorded and tolerated the pain and vicissitudes of history. (4) show sympathy or reverence.

(5) Personal expression can be aimed at a person's application proposition or his written change proposition; Or for the change of title proposition. Thinking of solving problems: 1. Confirm the use or replacement of personnel. 2, understand the role of everyone, clear the direction of the answer. For example, the first person is convenient, direct and lyrical, and authentic; The second person's address is more intense and touching, which can make the author's attitude more vivid, cordial and natural; The third person can be described from many angles, free from time and space constraints, flexible and free, objective and calm, and easy to describe and discuss. 3. Analyze its specific functions in combination with the content. (6) Others: 1, word understanding type: (1) To understand the metaphorical meaning of words, it is necessary to find out the metaphorical object and its ontology; (2) To understand the symbolic meaning of words, we must look for the symbolic objects of words; To understand the anti-semantics of words, it is necessary to exchange praise and criticism; (3) To understand the pun meaning, we should pay attention to whether it is homophonic pun or semantic pun; (4) To understand the meaning of pronouns, we need to find the explanation of the previous sentence or the next sentence. Of course, to understand the meaning of words, we should also contact the specific context of words, combine the author's point of view and the theme of the article, and find corresponding explanations in clause paragraphs and contexts. That is, "six comparisons": the size of comparison scope, the weight of comparative significance, comparative collocation habits, comparative components, comparative part-of-speech function, comparative emotional color and stylistic color. 2. Sentence comprehension: First, the figurative sentences using rhetorical devices are transformed into plain language; Second, transform abstract and implied concepts or sentences into concrete explanations. 3. Screening integration type: Common propositional forms are: (1) What are the characteristics of the people, things, objects or scenes described in the article; (2) The article is written in several aspects and stages. What is the process of change? Need a general explanation. Answer strategy; Screening and integration is a process of simplifying the complex. When answering such questions, we should pay attention to important sentences, such as main sentence, central sentence, key sentence, turning sentence, exclamatory sentence, argumentative sentence, etc. Especially the general sentence at the beginning of the paragraph, the summary sentence at the end of the paragraph and the transitional sentence in the paragraph are often the key to the article. Generally speaking, comprehensive questions should not mechanically extract sentences from the original text. Instead, we should closely follow the requirements of the stem, and transform, combine and transform the extracted key sentences and head words to make them comprehensive, concise, fluent and meet the requirements. In addition, we should take care of the overall situation and grasp it as a whole to prevent losing points because of incomplete answers. 4. Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? (1) Verb: No. Because this word accurately, vividly and concretely describes ... (2) Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ... (3) adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): No. Because this word accurately describes ... (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc. ), it becomes ... it doesn't match the facts after the change. 5. Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence). (2) There is a one-to-one correspondence between this word and the above. (3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged. 6. What is the function or advantage of the topic? Summarize the content, reveal the theme, prompt clues, closely follow the content of the article, concise and novel. 7. Ways to find clues: title, a word or thing that appears repeatedly, lyrical argument (combination of reality and fiction: clues about prose, bright lines and dark lines. 06 College Entrance Examination in Heilongjiang and other places: 16 This article has a metaphorical expression structure in addition to the article structure arranged by the idea of "desert-cotton soil-desert". Please write three key words that reflect this clue: mother-Mian Mian soil-hometown) 8. The role of environmental scenery description: all scenery words are sentimental. This is the description in prose, while the description in novel is mainly to contrast the emotions of characters, explain the background of the story and promote the development of the story. The final description of the scene is usually symbolic, such as medicine at the end of the text. Pay attention to combining specific topics. In addition, it also plays up the atmosphere, sets off the emotion or theme, shows the character's quality, foretells the character's fate, reveals the social essence, reveals the character's psychology, and explains the time and place of the story. Supplement: Expression of ambition, symbol and combination of reality and fiction: Make the expression more subtle and deliberate, and make the article rich in connotation, philosophy and inspiration. Combination of dynamic and static, turning static into dynamic: make the expression more vivid, vivid and infectious. Examples or enumerations: concrete, easy to be accepted by readers, more convincing and appealing. Sketch: the text is concise, without learning to render and contrast, and it has a concise and vivid expression effect.