The origin and custom activities of awn solar terms

The awn seed is the ninth of the 24 solar terms, the end of Mitsuki in the dry calendar and the beginning of the afternoon month; The time point is around June 6 of the Gregorian calendar every year, and the sun reaches 75 degrees of the yellow meridian. The following is the origin and custom activities of mango solar terms that I arranged for you. I hope it helps you.

The origin of awn seeds

Awn seeds mean that crops with awns like wheat are ripe. Mango is the ninth of the 24 solar terms. On June 5th, every year, when the sun reaches 75 degrees, it is a kind of awn. "Twenty-four solar terms": "The May Festival means that there are awn crops in the valley". It means that the seeds of crops with awns, such as barley and wheat, are ripe and it is very urgent to grab the harvest. Summer sowing crops such as late rice, millet and millet are also the busiest season for sowing, so they are also called "awn seeds". Spring competes for the sun, and summer competes for time. "Race against time" refers to the busy farming season at this time. People often say that the "three summers" are busy farming seasons, that is, summer management is busy with summer harvest, summer sowing and spring sowing crops.

Therefore, "awn seed", also known as "busy planting" and "busy planting", is the busiest time for farmers to sow and go to the fields.

In ancient China, mango seeds were divided into three stages: "The first stage was when mantis was born; Second, wait for Peng to start singing; " By the third time, the tongue was silent. "In this solar term, the eggs laid by mantis in late autumn last year, because they felt the birth of Yin Qi, broke their shells and gave birth to little mantis; Shady shrike birds began to appear in the branches and sing in the shade; On the contrary, mockingbirds, who can learn from the songs of other birds, stop singing because they feel the appearance of Yin Qi.

The awn seed is a symbol of the maturity of awned crops such as wheat and a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. By the time of the awning, the wheat harvest season in Sichuan Basin has passed, and the transplanting of mid-season rice and sweet potato is coming to an end. In most areas, the mid-season rice has entered the green stage, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. The poem "The east wind dyed 3,000 hectares, and the herons kept coming and going" vividly described the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. In the awning season, the medium rice that has not been transplanted in the basin should be planted quickly; If it is postponed again, the vegetative growth period of rice will be shortened due to the increase of temperature, and the growth period will be easily affected by drought and diseases and insect pests, and the yield will inevitably be low. Osmunda japonica should be transplanted before summer at the latest; If sowing is too late, not only the drought will worsen, but also the temperature will drop in Qiu Lai, which is not conducive to the expansion of potato chips and the yield will be significantly reduced. This is the truth of the agricultural proverb "busy planting".

Mango is a very busy solar term. Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia are "busy planting seeds and breeding them in the summer to the valley of the sun". Guangdong is "the awn seeds are heavy in summer (referring to transplanted plants again)". Jiangxi is "no seedling three days before planting, no seedling three days after planting". Guizhou is "it's useless to plant awns if you don't plant them." Fujian is "planting awn, good indica rice, super awn and good glutinous rice". Jiangsu is "the mountain is the treasure, and the summer solstice is the grass". Shanxi is "mango, mango, everything". "Millet is urgently planted in the valley". Sichuan and Shaanxi are "busy farmers in front of the tent and busy planting beans behind the tent". As can be seen from the above farming, China is busy planting crops from south to north through the ear planting festival, and the busy farming season has reached a climax.

"The wheat planted in April comes first and the wheat planted in May comes last", which means that the wheat in North China is mature in April and immature in May. Why? This is the same as "peach blossoms bloom in February but not in March", which is caused by the lunar algorithm. According to the lunar calendar, a year is actually 354 or 355 days. This is10-1day less than the number of days the earth goes around the sun, so it needs to leap every three years (sometimes every two years) to make up for the shortage of days. In leap months, the solar term is either advanced or postponed, so sometimes it is in April and sometimes in May. Farmers in China know very well that crops should be planted in early April, because spring starts early and solar terms are advanced. Planting crops before mango seeds and after the solar term in June is a scientific planting method of "dead solar term living method"

Millet is a gramineous plant with the shortest growth period. Early-maturing varieties can mature in 80 days, even late-maturing varieties can mature in less than 100 days. This is the last crop planted in autumn. Therefore, when there is no rain in North China and other crops miss the solar term, they can make up for it and get a good harvest. Under normal circumstances, when millet is sown, the seeds can also mature, but the growth period of millet is longer than that of millet, which may suffer from freezing injury, so it is said that "millet seeds are in a hurry".

Mang folk activities

1, send flowers to God

On the second day of the second lunar month, the flower god is welcomed. There are flower welcoming gods and flower sending gods. It's nearly May, and the flowers are beginning to fade. People often hold a ceremony of offering sacrifices to the flower god on Ear Seed Day to send the flower god back to his place, and at the same time express gratitude to the flower god, hoping to meet again next year.

Step 2 fight in mud

Young Dong men and women in the southeast of Guizhou Province hold a mud festival every year before and after planting awns. On the same day, the newlyweds, accompanied by good young men and women, collectively planted rice seedlings, played with each other while planting rice seedlings and threw mud at each other. After the activity, the results show that the person with the most mud is the most popular person.

3. An Miao

The custom of planting awns and protecting seedlings is a kind of farming custom activity in southern Anhui, and written records began in the early Ming Dynasty. Every season when rice seeds cover the sun, in order to pray for a good harvest in autumn, all localities should hold an Anmiao sacrifice. Every household steamed bags with new wheat flour, kneaded the flour into the shape of five grains, six animals, fruits and vegetables, and then dyed it with vegetable juice as a sacrifice, praying for the bumper harvest of five grains and the safety of the villagers.

Step 4 cook plums

In the south, May and June are the season when plums ripen, and there is an allusion of "Plums cook wine as heroes" in the Three Kingdoms. Plum contains a variety of natural high-quality organic acids and rich minerals, and has unique nutritional and health-care functions such as purifying blood, regulating intestines, reducing blood fat, relieving fatigue, caring skin, regulating acid-base balance and enhancing human immunity. However, most fresh plums are sour and difficult to eat directly, and they need to be processed before they can be eaten. This process is to boil plums.

5. Ploughing festival

There is a "Plowing Festival" in Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province, which is held on the day of Mango Festival in the 24th solar term of the lunar calendar.

There is a legend in Yunhe Meiyuan: cattle are the grass managers in the sky. Because he sympathized with the human famine, he secretly planted grass seeds, and as a result, weeds grew wildly to save livestock, and the farmland was flooded with weeds, so farmers could not cultivate. In order to punish the cow, God ordered him to go down to earth to plow the fields until today.

Farming is the seasonal embodiment that farmers in mountainous areas around Yunhe Meiyuan begin to plow in spring. In the past, the ploughing festival was called "Ox King Festival".

Mango calendar meteorology

Every year around June 6th in Gregorian calendar, when the sun reaches 75 degrees of the Yellow Meridian, it is a mountain.

According to the climatological standard, most of China is at the turn of Xia Meng and midsummer. At this time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to enter the Meiyu period, with more rain, less sunshine and sometimes low temperature, which is also the characteristic season of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The annual rainfall in the rainy season in eastern China is about 1/3 (1/2 in some years), and the rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally occurs after June. At this time, rice, cotton and other crops are growing vigorously and need more water.

The reason for the formation of Meiyu is that after the end of winter, the intensity of cold air weakens and retreats northward, and the warm air in the south moves northward accordingly, extending to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but at this time, the cold air in the north still has considerable power. As a result, cold and warm air formed a quasi-static front in the Jianghuai basin, and a rainy weather appeared. After a period of time, the warm air finally defeated the cold air and occupied the Jianghuai Basin. When the rainy weather ended, the center of rain belt moved to Huanghuai basin. In addition, due to the high air humidity in the rainy season, everything is easy to be damp and moldy. Therefore, plum rain is also called "mildew rain".