Detailed data of tropical monsoon climate

Tropical monsoon climate is a climate type.

The tropical monsoon climate is distributed in Southeast Asia from north latitude10 to the Tropic of Cancer, such as southern Taiwan Province Province, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island and southern Yunnan. Indian zhina Peninsula; Most of the Indian peninsula; Philippines; Australia's northern coast and other places. Typical station: Cochin. The tropical monsoon is remarkable here, and the seasonal variation of wind direction is obvious throughout the year. Under the control of tropical continental air mass (Tc), precipitation is scarce. However, when the equatorial ocean air mass (E) is controlled, there is abundant precipitation, tropical cyclone rain and annual precipitation, which is generally in 1500-2000mm and concentrated in June 6- 10/October (northern hemisphere). The annual maximum temperature is above 20℃, and the annual variation is about 3℃- 10℃, which is extremely short in spring and autumn.

Chinese name: tropical monsoon climate mbth: tropical monsoon climate distribution: rainy season in most parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia: dry season from April to September: 10- March of the following year: annual average temperature: above 22℃ Typical cities: Sanya, Bangkok and Mumbai. Features: High temperature all year round. Distribution, causes, climate characteristics, regional differences, Indian Peninsula, Indo-China Peninsula, Philippine Islands, vegetation types, tropical seasonal rain forest, tropical mountain rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, tropical seasonal humid forest, tropical mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest, agriculture, representative cities, world rainpoles, and tropical monsoon climate are mainly distributed in most areas of Indo-China Peninsula and Indo-China Peninsula, with sporadic distribution in southern Taiwan Province Province, southern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi and Hainan Island. Tropical monsoon climate is distributed in South Asia and Indochina Peninsula. It is characterized by high temperature all the year round, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃. Precipitation is closely related to wind direction. The northeast wind from the mainland prevails in winter with little precipitation, and the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean prevails in summer with abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in most areas is 1500. Global distribution of tropical monsoon climate. The average monthly rainfall in spring, autumn and winter is below 100 mm, with heavy rainfall in June-September, and the annual temperature is between16 and 35 degrees Celsius (℃). In the dry season, the position of the pressure belt and the wind belt moves southward, which is the result of the simultaneous influence of the northeast trade wind and the northeast monsoon blowing from the inland of Asia to the ocean and deflecting at low latitudes. Temperature and rainfall indicate rainy season. Due to the northward movement of the pressure belt and wind belt in summer, this area is affected by the southwest monsoon deflected by the southeast trade wind crossing the equator and the monsoon blowing from the ocean to the land caused by the difference in thermal properties between land and sea. Climatic characteristics 1, high temperature all the year round, with annual average temperature above 22℃. In Leng Yue, winter is generally above 16℃ for half a year. In Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and southern India, the alpine plateau in the north blocks the invasion of cold air to the south, so the temperature is relatively high in winter. 2. The dry and wet seasons are obvious, and the precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, with a large amount of precipitation. Under the control of the dry northeast monsoon, there is little precipitation in winter, and the temperature is the coolest moment of the year. Generally, the average humidity is often between 50% and 75%, which is a dry and cool dry season. The summer half-year is the hottest half-year in a year, because the sun in the northern hemisphere has begun to get warmer. After the arrival of the southwest monsoon, it is easy to produce various stagnation fronts, such as tropical cyclones produced by the ocean and thunderstorms caused by thermal convection in the afternoon. Rainfall has increased significantly, with occasional heavy rain. At this time, the average humidity generally falls between 75~ 100%, which makes people feel unbearable humidity. Tropical monsoon climate landscape. In the dry season, the northeast monsoon emitted by land high pressure flows into the equatorial convergence zone on the ocean. In the rainy season, the southwest monsoon from the subtropical high in the southern hemisphere flows into the Tal low. Kaohsiung City, Taiwan Province Province-Tropical monsoon climate. Tropical cyclones prevail. Synchronized with the "summer monsoon", tropical cyclones prevail from mid-May to mid-September every year. The Indian Peninsula and Indo-China Peninsula are typical and major areas of this climate. But the start and end times of the two seasons are different: the Indian Peninsula is usually rainy from June to September, and the dry season is 10 to May. In the late dry season (April-May), the weather is extremely hot, and the highest temperature is often above 40℃. The rainy season is full of rainfall, which often causes floods. Indochina Peninsula is usually rainy from May to 10, and dry from 1 1 to April of the following year. April or May is the hottest month, and the highest temperature is generally between 38-40℃. In rainy season, there are many convective rainfall and typhoon rainstorm, and lightning and thunder often occur, causing huge property losses. High temperature throughout the year, divided into dry season and rainy season. Regional differences The climate of Indian Peninsula is warm all year round, and warmer in winter. The average temperature in Leng Yue is generally above 18℃. Summer is very hot, the hottest monthly average temperature is generally above 28℃, which can reach 30~34℃ inland, and the hot season lasts for 6 ~ 8 months. The annual temperature change is relatively small, ranging from 5℃ to 7℃. Compared with other tropical monsoon regions, the annual precipitation is less, generally around 65,438 0,000 mm in the inland, and over 3,000mm in the western mountainous area and the western slope of the northeastern mountainous area of Gaozhi. For example, Kilapanchi in the northeast has an annual precipitation as high as 10824 mm, which is the world's rain pole. However, the seasonal distribution of precipitation is uneven, with the rainy season from June to 10 every year, accounting for more than 80% of the annual precipitation. The rainy season comes late, usually starting in June, and has the characteristics of outbreak. For example, the precipitation in Mumbai in May was only 17.8mm, and it soared to 458 mm in June. The rainy season fades slowly, usually in 10. The dry season is from 165438+ 10 to May of the following year, accounting for less than 10% of the annual precipitation. There are obvious dry seasons and rainy seasons in a year, and the dry season is longer than the rainy season. Natural vegetation is mainly tropical monsoon forest and shrubs, savanna, tropical xerophytes and shrubs, which are distributed in the interior of Indian Peninsula and cover a wide area. However, the tropical rain forests are mainly concentrated in the western mountainous areas of Gaozhi and the western slopes of the eastern mountainous areas, which reflects that the climate in most parts of the Indian Peninsula is mainly dry and semi-arid. The climate in Indochina Peninsula is cool in winter, especially in the north, and the lowest monthly average temperature is lower than 18℃. Summer is hot, and the average temperature in the hottest month is between 28 and 30℃. The annual temperature is relatively high, especially in the north, which can exceed 65438 05℃. The annual precipitation in most areas is relatively small, generally around 1000 mm, and there are many in a few areas, and some areas can reach more than 2000 mm, such as the western slope of Arakan Mountains. The seasonal distribution is uneven. May ~ 10 is the rainy season, accounting for more than 50% of the annual precipitation, and June ~ 1 1 is the dry season, accounting for less than 20% of the annual precipitation. However, there are obvious differences in the west of Changshan Mountain: the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the west is similar to that in the Indian Peninsula, with obvious dry and wet seasons, while the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the east is similar to that in the Philippine Islands, and the dry and wet seasons are not typical. The natural vegetation in the eastern inland areas is mainly tropical monsoon forest, shrubs and savanna, with a large area; The coastal natural vegetation is mainly tropical rain forest, tropical evergreen semi-deciduous forest and shrub, with a small area, which reflects that the climate in most parts of Indo-China Peninsula is mainly semi-dry and semi-humid transitional climate. The Philippine climate is warm all year round and mild in winter. The average temperature in Leng Yue is generally between 20 ~ 24℃. It is cooler in summer, and the average temperature in the hottest month is below 28℃, especially in coastal areas, where the hot area is small and limited to leeward valley. The annual minimum temperature is generally below 5℃. The annual precipitation is abundant, which is more than 2000mm in most areas, and there are few leeward valleys, but there are also 1.500mm around. The coastal and windward slopes facing the northeast monsoon are dominated by winter rain, while the coastal and inland areas facing the southwest monsoon are dominated by summer rain. May to 10 is the rainy season every year, and it is not dry in other seasons. Natural vegetation is mainly tropical rain forest, mainly distributed around the island, with a relatively large area; Tropical evergreen and semi-deciduous forests are mainly located in leeward valley, with a small area. These characteristics reflect that most parts of the Philippines are dominated by humid climate. Vegetation Type Tropical Seasonal Rainforest The tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna is a lowland tropical rainforest plant, and a subtype of vegetation has 3-4 tree levels like the equatorial lowland rainforest, among which the upper trees are mainly scattered giant trees (up to 60 meters) protruding from the canopy, and the crowns are not connected with each other; The middle-level tree is 20-30m high, with connected crowns and dense individuals, and is the main canopy of the forest. Except for some deciduous components in the upper trees, plants at other levels are evergreen. The phenomenon of root and stem flowering is common in the forest, and there are abundant large woody vines and vascular epiphytes. Tropical Mountain Rainforest in Chinese botanical literature, the application and interpretation of the name tropical mountain rainforest are not uniform. Wu Zhengyi classified the mountainous rain forest in southern Yunnan as a mountain variety of tropical rain forest. Tropical rain forest accounts for about 60% of its forest vegetation, and has many characteristics of rain forest in appearance and structure, but there are few scattered giant trees, few rhizomes and rich ferns. This definition is similar to the low mountain rainforest or downhill rainforest in Southeast Asia. Monsoon forest and tropical monsoon forest are tropical deciduous forest vegetation developed in the obvious tropical monsoon climate in dry and wet seasons. In Southeast Asia, monsoon forest and seasonal rainforests are intertwined and embedded in some places. Schimper defined monsoon forest as a deciduous forest vegetation between tropical rain forest and savanna, which developed in tropical monsoon climate. In Xishuangbanna, monsoon forest only appears on the banks of the Lancang River open reach below 1000 meters above sea level and some open valley basins most affected by monsoon. Tropical seasonal wet forest The tropical seasonal wet forest in Xishuangbanna is usually distributed in the middle of limestone mountain, at the foot of limestone mountain and above the seasonal rain forest belt in the valley. The height of forest community is 20-25m, and deciduous trees can reach 30m in some areas. The tree layer usually has two different layers. In a community with fertile and humid soil, it can sometimes be seen that the lower layer of the tree is a young tree layer with a height of about 2-3m, which is composed of thin young trees of the upper tree. There are abundant woody vines in the forest, vascular epiphytes with thick leaves are common, and the phenomenon of rhizome flowering is relatively rare. Because of the great changes in topography and habitat in the middle part of limestone hillside, there are obvious differences in appearance and flora composition of tropical seasonal humid forests. The forest types are mainly Euphorbiaceae, Ulmaceae, Oleaceae, Agavaceae and other plants. Evergreen on shady slopes, low mountain tops and high hills. But in the relatively wide and dry limestone valley and the dry sunny slope of the middle and low mountains, it is semi-evergreen all the year round. They are different from monsoon forest in community appearance, and different from evergreen broad-leaved forest in tropical mountainous areas and low mountains in flora composition. They are usually distributed in limestone mountains above tropical seasonal rain forest belt. Evergreen broad-leaved forest in tropical mountainous areas, also known as monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, is the main mountain vegetation type in Xishuangbanna. Generally distributed in mountainous areas above 900m above sea level. This kind of forest vegetation usually has two tree layers, which are mainly composed of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae and Theaceae. The crown is neat and interconnected, and there are few species of shrubs and herbs, mainly young trees and seedlings of upper trees. From the ecological appearance, the evergreen broad-leaved forest in tropical mountainous areas is characterized by leathery, whole-margin, middle-leaf evergreen plants with small and high buds, with rich woody vines between layers and few epiphytes. In terms of species and individuals, this evergreen broad-leaved forest in tropical mountainous areas of Xishuangbanna accounts for more than 90% of the total number of trees, and the whole forest is in the evergreen season. Agriculture Thailand is known as the' king of fruits', and the specialty fruits are durian, mangosteen, rambutan, mango and longan. And rice, rubber, etc. The tropical cash crops in Xishuangbanna are rubber and sisal. There are also many coconuts representing cities. Only Asia has a tropical monsoon climate. The main representative cities are: New Delhi (India), Mumbai (India), Kolkata (India), Kilapanchi (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Lahore (Pakistan), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Yangon (Myanmar), Bangkok (Thailand), Vientiane (Laos), Phnom Penh (Khmer) and Hanoi (Vietnam). Kaohsiung (China), Xishuangbanna (China), Sansha (China) and Zhanjiang (China) World Rainpole Kilapangqi, India, was once located in Kilapangqi, Megara yabang, India, at the southern foot of the Himalayas, about 5 1 km from the capital Xilong. The population is about 6000. Most of the residents are the starters, belonging to matriarchal society. Gilabangi is located in the lower reaches of Brahmaputra River and Ganges River on the north bank of the Bay of Bengal in South Asia. It is located in a pocket-shaped mountain depression on the south slope of the east-west Kasai Mountain (Bangladesh and northeast India). The annual precipitation here is as high as 2646 1.2 mm, which is called the "world rain pole". From August to July of 1860, the rainfall 186 1 20447mm was awarded the title of "Rain Pole" in the world. The average monthly rainfall from May to September is 25-28 days, ranking first in the world.