What is a pulmonary nodule?

1 What is a pulmonary nodule? Pulmonary nodules are actually pulmonary sarcoidosis, just a definition of the size of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The so-called pulmonary sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease with unknown causes involving multiple systems, mainly invading the lung and its lymphatic system.

2 Causes of pulmonary nodules Genetic causes The clinical phenotype of sarcoidosis and its implications for ethnic differences, as well as family and side-by-side control studies, have proved that the occurrence of pulmonary sarcoidosis is closely related to genetic factors. The occurrence of pulmonary sarcoidosis is partly due to genetic factors.

At present, there is a theory that the occurrence of pulmonary sarcoidosis is related to the infection of one or more bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi, Propionibacterium pustulosum, conjugate and other mycobacteria), and the infection factors of this bacteria have been confirmed.

Pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules

The aggregation of a large number of special T cells in pulmonary nodules induces special immune responses in the affected organs, leading to cell aggregation, proliferation, differentiation and granuloma formation. At the same time, interleukin, tumor necrosis factor and chemokine promote the formation of granuloma, leading to the formation of pulmonary nodules.

4 Clinical manifestations of pulmonary nodules Generally speaking, pulmonary sarcoidosis is a chronic nodular disease, and 50% of patients have no clinical symptoms, which can only be found through physical examination or chest X-ray examination; About one third of patients will show fatigue, weight loss, weakness, discomfort, night sweats and other clinical symptoms; About 90% patients will involve the lungs, showing symptoms such as cough, chest pain, dyspnea, airway hyperresponsiveness or wheezing.