The origin of new year's day

New Year's Day is the first day of the year, which is a traditional New Year for people all over the world. 1 On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference decided that China would adopt the "A.D. Chronology Law" and officially designated the date of1in the solar calendar as "New Year's Day".

The origin of the earliest New Year's Day in the world

New Year's Day originated around 50,000 BC. The ancient Egyptians have changed from nomadism to farming and settled on both sides of the Nile. Their agricultural harvest is closely related to whether there is a flood in the Nile. The ancient Egyptians found that the time of Nile flooding was regular from long-term observation, so they recorded this time on bamboo poles every time, and learned that the interval between two flooding times was about 365 days. At the same time, it was found that when the Nile came near Cairo at high tide today, the sun and Sirius rose from the horizon at the same time. Therefore, the ancient Egyptians set this day as the beginning of the year. This is the earliest origin of "Chinese New Year".

The Origin of "New Year's Day" in China

China's New Year's Day is said to have started in Zhuan Xu, one of the three emperors and five emperors, with a history of more than 5,000 years.

The word "New Year's Day" first appeared in the Book of Jin: "It is actually the spring of New Year's Day when the emperor was transferred to the first month." During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xiao Ziyun, a literary historian in the Southern Dynasties, also recorded "New Year's Day in four seasons, long life and early spring" in his poem "Jieya". Wu's Dream into the First Month in the Song Dynasty: "The first day of the first month is called New Year's Day, commonly known as the first day of the New Year's Day. This is the first one. " ; Cui Yuan of Han Dynasty called it "Jacky" in San Zi Ming. In the Jin Dynasty, Yang Du Fu called it ""; The Northern Qi Dynasty called it "Yuan Chun" in Huangxia Ci of Hui Yuan Ge Xiang. Tang Dezong Shili called it "Yuan Shuo" in the poem "Yuan Ri retired from the DPRK to watch the war and return to camp".

During the cultural relics excavation in Dawenkou, China found a picture of the sun rising from the top of the mountain with clouds in the middle. According to textual research, this is the oldest writing method of the word "Dan" in China. Later, simplified hieroglyphics of "Dan" appeared on bronze inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. The word "Dan" is represented by a round sun. The word "one" under "Sun" indicates the horizon, which means that the sun rises from the horizon in Ran Ran.

New Year's Day in China always refers to the first day of the first month of the summer calendar (lunar calendar and lunar calendar). Yuan means "early" and "beginning", but it means "day". New Year's Day is collectively called "the first day", that is, the first day of the year. There are different names in Chinese dialects, some are called "New Year's Day", some are called "Big Day", and some are called "New Year's Day", generally called "the first day of the first month".

The date of the first day of the first month was also very different before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the New Year's Day of the past dynasties is not consistent. Meng Xiyue (1 month) is the first month of the Xia calendar, the twelfth month of the Shang lunar calendar (1February) and the winter month of the week calendar (1 1 month). After Qin Shihuang unified China, Yangchun month (October) was the first month, that is, the first day of October was New Year's Day. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it has been stipulated that Meng Xiyue (January) is the first month, and Meng Xiyue (the first day of the first month in the summer calendar) is called New Year's Day, which has been used until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But this is the summer calendar, that is, the lunar calendar or lunar calendar, and it is not what we call New Year's Day today.

In A.D. 19 1 1, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Manchu Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Representatives of provincial governors met in Nanjing and decided to use the Gregorian calendar, calling the first day of the first lunar month "Spring Festival" and the Gregorian calendar 1 day "New Year's Day". But it has not been officially announced and named. In order to "follow the agricultural season, so follow the western calendar, so do statistics", the first year of the Republic of China decided to use the Gregorian calendar (actually used as 19 12), and stipulated that Gregorian calendar 1 was called "New Year's Day", but not "New Year's Day".

Today's "New Year's Day" is1September 27th, 949, the eve of the founding of New China. When the first China People's Political Consultative Conference decided to establish the Republic of China, it also decided to adopt the world calendar, which is what we call the solar calendar.

In modern times, New Year's Day refers to the first day of the first year of the year. In order to distinguish between the two New Year's Days, and in view of the fact that the "beginning of spring" in the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar is just around the Lunar New Year, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar was renamed as "Spring Festival", and the Gregorian calendar 1 day was designated as the first day of the New Year's Day, which became a legal holiday and became a happy holiday for the people of the whole country. According to China Education Online,

New Year's Day is an international holiday. Look at other countries.

Today's Gregorian calendar, named after its widespread use in all countries in the world, is a kind of solar calendar that people are most familiar with, also known as western calendar, solar calendar and Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar adopts the chronology method, counting from the year when Jesus was born, which is closely related to the prosperity of Christianity. This calendar is saturated with the civilization created by human beings for thousands of years. After learning the essence of the Egyptian calendar, the ancient Romans formulated a more accurate julian calendar during the reign of Julius Caesar. With the expansion of Roman Empire and the spread of Christianity, julian calendar spread all over the world. 1582, 1 In March, Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar and decided to adopt the plan of Italian doctor Lirio. Excluding the three extra leap years in julian calendar in 400 years, 5: 49: 12 seconds is 365 days longer on average and 26 seconds longer than the tropic of cancer. According to this calculation, there will still be an error of 1 day after 3000 years, but this accuracy is quite remarkable. This is the origin of the Gregorian calendar we use today, also known as the Gregorian calendar.

Due to the influence of Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, France, Britain, Germany, the United States and other Christian countries in the past 500 years, as well as the relative accuracy of the Gregorian calendar, the calendar method of the year A.D. has been adopted by all countries in the world. As a festival, New Year's Day can't compare with Christmas in the West and Spring Festival in China, but it has become a worldwide festival because of its secularity and non-religion.

Due to the different longitude positions of countries in the world, the time for celebrating New Year's Day in different countries is also different, so the date of New Year's Day is also different. For example, Tonga, an island country in Oceania, is located on the west side of the Japanese boundary. It is the first place in the world to start a new day, so it is also the first country in the world to celebrate New Year's Day. Located in the east of international date line, Western Samoa is the place where a new day begins at the latest, so it is also the country that celebrates New Year's Day at the latest. According to the Gregorian calendar, China is the first 12 country in the world to start the New Year.

At the same time, based on the differences between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere, New Year's Day in the northern hemisphere happens to be winter, or the wind is cold, or the snow is fluttering, or the sun is shining in winter ... While countries in the southern hemisphere welcome the New Year in summer, their feelings of celebrating the festival are very different.

In addition to the above reasons, due to the different cultural traditions of various ethnic groups, the date of New Year's Day in some countries is not 1. 1 in the Gregorian calendar. For example, Iran implements the Islamic calendar, and celebrating the New Year means celebrating the arrival of spring. Its season and month are not fixed, usually in the late March of the solar calendar. In India, the New Year begins on June 3 1, 10 every year, with five days, and the fourth day is New Year's Day. Songkran, also known as Songkran Festival, is the traditional Chinese New Year Festival in Thailand. It is from April 13 to June 16 in the Gregorian calendar every year. According to China. com

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Legend has it that during the prosperous period of Yao and Shun in ancient times more than 4,000 years ago, when Emperor Yao was in power, he worked diligently for the people and did many good things for the people, which was deeply loved by the people. However, due to his son's incompetence, he did not pass on the throne of "emperor" to his son, but passed it on to Shun, who has both ability and political integrity. Yao said to Shun, "You must pass on the throne in the future, and you will be relieved when I die." Later, Shun passed the throne to Yu, who made great contributions to flood control. Yu also loves the people and has done many good things for the people like Shun, and is deeply loved by the people. Later, after Yao's death, people took the day of offering sacrifices to heaven and earth and the first emperor Yao as the beginning of the year, and called the first day of the first month "New Year's Day" or "Jacky", which was the ancient New Year's Day. On New Year's Day, emperors of all dynasties held ceremonies to celebrate, offer sacrifices and pray for blessings, such as offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, writing couplets on doors, writing blessings and dancing dragon lanterns. People have gradually formed entertainment celebrations such as offering sacrifices to Buddha, ancestor worship, posting couplets, setting off firecrackers, celebrating the New Year, having a family reunion dinner and numerous "social fires". Lan Xin, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Jacky": "Jiaqing was born here in Jacky. Fairy plays for thousands of years, and small and big have fun. " Describe the celebration of New Year's Day. According to China Education Online,

Custom culture

New Year's Day in ancient China is the custom of "Spring Festival" in modern China.

New Year's Day in modern China was listed as a legal holiday by the China government and became a national holiday. After a day's rest, we often adjust the weekend before or after that day, and usually have a three-day rest. In modern China, the celebration of New Year's Day is far less important than the Spring Festival. General organs and enterprises will hold year-end collective celebrations, and there are few folk activities.

Poems on New Year's Day

Yuan Dynasty-Wang Anshi (Northern Song Dynasty)

The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine.

The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.

Try writing on New Year's Day (choose one) —— (Ming)

When the clouds in the sky celebrate, the temple struggles for the knowledge of grass.

Next to the wall, there is wine to entertain guests, and young children are singing and enjoying New Year's poems.

When you are old, you will meet a new year, and there will be better flowers in spring.

Where is the evening breeze? When it blows to the moon in the east.

Ding Mao Yuan Ri-(Qing) Qian Qian B

A bottle of wine at the age of one pays homage to the court, and young children bring clothes to comfort the screen.

I like to eat meat when I wait on my mother, but I prefer to dream about fish in 2008.

The hook curtain wants to pick up the new nest swallow, and the ink stone is also sparse.

I went to the neighboring chicken millet bureau, which has nothing to do with me.

Tian Jia celebrates the New Year-(Tang) Meng Haoran

I returned to the north last night and set out from the east today;

I am forty years old. Although I have no official position, I am worried about farming.

Mulberry field cultivates father, lotus hoe follows shepherd boy;

Tian said that this year's climate is abundant.

Yuanri (Yulouchun)-(Song) Maoque

Every year, the lotus drops leak, and Bijing Tu Su sinks the frozen wine.

Han Xiao is still cheating. She is slim in spring.

Beauty urges a long life, and cypress leaves and green peppers are covered with beautiful sleeves.

Deep in my hometown, I don't know each other, but I only stay with Dong Jun.

New Year's Day in China and Japan-(Qing) Kong

Xiao Shu's white hair is not full of ups and downs, and the old-age stove actually sleeps.

Cut the candles and dry the midnight wine, and spent all the money to buy spring money.

Listen to the childlike innocence of burning firecrackers and see the change of peach blossom characters.