Problems of China's Traditional Cultural Knowledge

1 China's traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, music, fu, national music, national drama, folk art, Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shot put, wine and two-part allegorical sayings. Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Qixi on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs. China's ancient natural sciences, including traditional calendars, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the big family of the Chinese nation are also part of China's traditional culture.

The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring in the solar calendar always falls between February 3rd and 5th. However, in the lunar calendar, the date of solar terms is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example. It can be the first day of the lunar calendar in the previous year, 65438+February 15, and the latest is the first month, 15. The current lunar calendar is neither a lunar calendar nor a solar calendar, but a combination of lunar and solar calendars. There is a leap month in the lunar calendar. If one year is counted from the first day of the first month to the New Year's Eve of the twelfth month, the number of days in the lunar calendar varies greatly (leap year is 13 months). In order to standardize the number of years, the first day of the Lunar New Year (heavenly stems and earthly branches) is not the first day of the first month, but beginning of spring. In other words, a year in the lunar calendar is the day before from beginning of spring in that year to beginning of spring in the following year. For example, 2008 is the fifth year of the lunar calendar. The first day of Wuzi began not on February 7, 2008 (the first day of the first lunar month), but on February 4, 2008 in Gregorian calendar.

Of course it is valuable. Twenty-four solar terms are the original cultural heritage of the working people in China. They can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities, and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of families. Since 2000, the main political activity center in China has been concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, and the 24 solar terms have been established on the basis of the climate and phenology in this area.

Flying in Dunhuang is the business card of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the symbol of Dunhuang art. As long as you see the beautiful flying, people will think of the art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

Almost all of the 492 caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are painted with flying sky. According to Mr. Chang Shuhong's Preface to Dunhuang Flying Paintings, "there are more than 4,500", which can be said to be the most complete preserved grottoes among Buddhist grottoes and temples in the world.