Report on the research experiment of "Tomb-Sweeping Day".

& lt/b & gt； & lt/b & gt； & lt/b & gt； On March 3rd, another year, kites were flying all over the sky, the snow and ice melted, the vegetation was lush, and with the beautiful singing of kites swaying in the blue sky, it was getting closer and closer to Tomb-Sweeping Day written by Du Mu, where it was raining.

Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival, which is popular in Han areas and ethnic minority areas such as Zhuang, Korean, Miao, Dong, Gelao, Maonan, Peking and She. It started in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. It is one of the 24 solar terms. The temperature rises in Qingming period, which is also a good season for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there are agricultural proverbs such as "before and after Qingming, plant melons and beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming".

Before the Tang Dynasty, Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day were two consecutive festivals with different themes. The former mourns the past and the latter seeks new life. One yin and one yang, one breath for life, are closely related. Fire is forbidden to make a fire, and sacrifice to the dead is to save lives. This is the internal cultural connection between cold food and Qingming. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court fixed the custom of sweeping graves at the Cold Food Festival in front of Tomb-Sweeping Day by decree. Because cold food and Qingming are closely related in time, the custom of cold food festival has long been linked with Qingming, and grave sweeping has been postponed from cold food to Qingming.

After entering the Song Dynasty, Qingming and cold food gradually merged into one, and Qingming put the sacrificial customs in the cold food festival under its name. At the same time, Tomb-Sweeping Day has also integrated into the festival custom of "Spring outing on Shangsi Festival". After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shangsi Festival withdrew from the festival system, and the Cold Food Festival basically disappeared, leaving only a Tomb-Sweeping Day in spring. Different from other traditional festivals, Tomb-Sweeping Day is a comprehensive festival that combines "solar terms" and "festival customs". In terms of solar terms, Tomb-Sweeping Day has just passed the vernal equinox. At this time, the weather is warmer and everywhere is full of vitality. People go hiking and get close to nature, which can be said to conform to the weather, help to absorb the pure sun of nature, dispel depressed emotions and be beneficial to physical and mental health.

In March and April, the spring is bright, pink and green alternate with each other. Qingming is not only an extremely important farming season, but also a festival for the whole people to sweep graves and go hiking. According to the Gregorian calendar, April 4th to 6th every year is a good time for people to have a spring outing. Since ancient times, people have had rich commemorative and recreational activities, such as sweeping graves, inserting willows, hiking and flying kites, which makes Qingming full of attractive colors.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave sweeping and outing were originally two different cultural themes, which gradually merged from the Song Dynasty and were endowed with positive cultural significance. People directly associate ancestor worship with the Chinese national character of attaching importance to filial piety and cautiously pursuing the future, and think that Tomb-Sweeping Day custom embodies the moral consciousness of China people who are grateful and never forget their roots. Its cultural significance is similar to Thanksgiving in the West. Tomb-Sweeping Day's activities of worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves and remembering ancestors' merits have a profound relationship with China's "filial piety" culture, which is the pillar of the harmonious and stable development of China society for thousands of years, and helps to establish a harmonious intergenerational relationship between ancient people and modern people, and between predecessors and descendants, thus promoting a harmonious relationship between man and nature, which is also a folk foundation with strong vitality in Tomb-Sweeping Day.

To this day, the custom of worshipping ancestors and mourning the dead relatives in Tomb-Sweeping Day is still very popular. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival custom related to funeral customs. According to records, in ancient times, "tombs were not graves", that is to say, only graves were dug and graves were not built, so sacrifices were not recorded. Later, graves and graves, the custom of offering sacrifices to sweep graves, were supported. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, tomb sacrifice has become an indispensable ritual activity.

According to the biography of Yan Yannian in the Han Dynasty, although Yan is thousands of miles away from Beijing, her family will still return to the East China Sea Tomb in Qingming. Yan Yannian's behavior is reasonable in terms of the development and strengthening of ancestor worship and consanguinity consciousness of China people. Therefore, the tomb sacrifices that were not included in the norms in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "It is appropriate for a scholar to go to the grave and be included in the Five Rites, and it will always be a routine." With the official affirmation, the wind of tomb sacrifice is bound to prevail. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival in memory of ancestors. The main memorial ceremony is to sweep the grave, which is also called sweeping the grave, offering sacrifices and going to the grave. It is a concrete embodiment of earnestly pursuing distance, family care and filial piety. Based on the above significance, Tomb-Sweeping Day has therefore become an important festival for China people. Tomb-Sweeping Day is at the turn of mid-spring and late spring, that is, after the winter solstice 106 days. Grave-sweeping activities are generally carried out in the first 65,438+00 days or the last 65,438+00 days in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and some indigenous people will have grave-sweeping activities for one month.

A * * * same festival has different commemorative customs in different places. In ancient times, there was a saying that Tomb-Sweeping Day did not set off fireworks, but only ate cold food. In order to meet the demand of cold food, some foods were also created. For example, wheat straw mashed juice and glutinous rice are used to make green flour dough, Ubuntu juice dyed with black rice is used to make cakes, and Beijingers use Toona sinensis buds to mix gluten and tender willow leaves to mix tofu for cold food. In the fields in the south of the Yangtze River, shepherd's purse smells like flowers during the Qingming Festival, and shepherd's purse should be chosen as wonton during the holidays. People in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, want to make yellow flowers and green fruit cakes as sacrifices when they visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. This kind of food is made by mashing the tender leaves of a weed in Compositae to remove juice and powder, which is very popular among children. When Shaoxing people sweep graves, they like to take the tender stems of grass purple (wild vegetables) and cook them in the ground. They taste like pea seedlings and are home-cooked dishes. Quanzhou people have the custom of eating "cake-moistening dishes", and the proper noun should be spring cakes. Tomb-Sweeping Day's eating moist cakes is not only unique to Quanzhou, but also popular among Xiamen people. Quanzhou's "cake-moistening dish" is baked with flour into thin skin, commonly known as "cake-moistening" or "cake-smearing". Spread out the skin when eating, and then roll in shredded carrots, shredded pork, fried clams, kohlrabi and other mixed dishes. It is simple to make and tastes sweet and delicious. However, this is not the most complicated. In terms of complexity, it should be Xiamen. In addition to Xiamen's main ingredients, bamboo shoots, fish, fried flat fish and fried leeks are also added, and then mustard, hot sauce and sweet sauce are dipped. This is the authentic "pancake" in Xiamen.

In fact, there is no folk who don't move fireworks or steam or cook. It is the Qingming food custom in Weifang to make a single cake and sprinkle scrambled eggs on it the day before Qingming. In some places here, people still say that Tomb-Sweeping Day is a kind of cold food.

As an important part of festivals in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the customs such as offering sacrifices and hiking are only transitional ceremonies to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. It is not only a link for people to pay homage to and cherish the memory of their ancestors, but also a link for the Chinese nation to recognize their ancestors and return to their ancestors. It is also a spring ceremony to hike, get close to nature and spur new students. It reveals the information of seasonal alternation and symbolizes the beginning of new season, new hope, new life and new cycle. There is a sense of "gratitude", and more emphasis is placed on nostalgia and gratitude for the "past".

Nowadays, it has become an important content of the school to strengthen the traditional patriotism education for students and society to teenagers by remembering the revolutionary martyrs in the martyrs cemetery. Pay a visit to the Martyrs Cemetery, or invite revolutionary ancestors to give reports and tell revolutionary stories, or organize visits and trips to make this festival more colorful. While paying homage to the ancestors of Yan Huang, modern Tomb-Sweeping Day is of great significance in mourning the ancestors and remembering the great achievements of the martyrs.

At the same time, online sacrifice, home sacrifice, tree burial, sea burial and other pollution-free, harmless new ways of sacrifice have gradually become popular. When the lifestyle has quietly changed, civilization has become a trend, and the bad habits that once followed us are being abandoned, so that Qingming is truly Qingming. /B& gt； & lt/B& gt； & lt/B& gt； & lt/B& gt；