An interview manuscript that understands the history of predecessors

1. Interview draft to understand how elders celebrate the New Year. The new year is coming, and everyone is chatting and watching TV around the table. So, I took this opportunity to ask my parents how they spent the Spring Festival when they were young.

I asked, "Mom and Dad, how did you spend the Spring Festival when you were young?"

As soon as my mother heard me ask this question, she immediately became interested and talked endlessly. "When we were young, we celebrated the Spring Festival. In addition to traditional customs such as posting Spring Festival couplets, inverted blessings, and cleaning, we have to make our own dumplings, paint the walls with lime water, and cover the living room with pine needles! "

"Oh, what is your most unforgettable thing during the Spring Festival?" I asked.

"Of course, it's the pine needles in the shop! At that time, we will go up the mountain to collect pine needles. If you are lucky, you can pick up pine cones! After picking up pine needles, they will not be scattered until New Year's Eve, and then they will not be swept away until the fourth day of the fourth year. In those three days, the smell of pine needles made us so comfortable that we didn't even want to sweep! "

When my father saw that my mother had finished, he spoke eagerly. "When I was a child, I paid more attention to Chinese New Year than you did. Not only do you have to post Spring Festival couplets, pour blessings, clean up, but you also have to worship your ancestors, send stoves and visit the God of Wealth! At that time, during the Spring Festival, we would put sugar under the children's pillows. After the child gets up, eat the sugar and don't talk nonsense. " With that, he smiled.

"Dad, have you got rid of the habit of not talking nonsense now?" I asked deliberately.

Dad didn't know what to do after listening, and he smirked on purpose. And solemnly: "Next question! Don't ask this, really. "

"What was the most unforgettable thing about your Spring Festival when you were a child?" I asked.

"Eat New Year's Eve, of course! At that time, it was poor, and it was almost porridge and pickles in the morning, noon and evening. Fish can only be eaten on New Year's Eve. So at that time, when our brothers waited for the New Year's Eve dinner, they only ate meat and didn't eat vegetables. " Say that finish, my father smiled sweetly.

"Do you have lucky money?" I asked again.

Mom smiled and nodded, patted me on the shoulder and said, "Yes, but we didn't have much money before, so my grandparents gave us a big red envelope."

I listened and thought: Oh, my God! Big red envelope! Is there hundreds of thousands of dollars in it? Wow! My mouth is watering.

My mother seemed to have guessed my thoughts, coughed a few times on purpose and said, "Li Juan, don't think about it. When we were young, we were not as happy as you. I'll give you hundreds as soon as the new year comes. Your mother's lucky money is at most one or two. " Dad also chimed in and said, "Me too." (Me too)

"Oh, forget it, the interview is over." I said to them in dismay.

2. Interview the experience of an elder in the family. Write an article on this topic. The teacher asked us to interview the interesting stories of the old man, so I interviewed the whole family. ...

My mother went to a friend's house to play when she was a child. At that time, she couldn't afford a tricycle, let alone a taxi. At that time, my mother lived in Guangchang Road, three kilometers away from Qingming Bridge (where my friends lived). Mother set out and got lost when she walked, so she began to cry, crying in the street and walking around. I don't know where she went. Fortunately, an uncle who sweeps garbage finally sent her home.

When my father was a child, he went up the mountain to catch shrimp with his grandfather. He grabbed it and plopped into the water. Grandpa helped dad up and went to catch shrimp again. At dusk, my father and grandfather came home and felt in their pockets. Strangely, the key is gone, and they can't find it anywhere. "Oh, it must have fallen into the water!" Grandpa hurried up the hill and groped in the water. Because the water is not too deep, it is easy to find. A few hours later, he finally found the key in a corner.

When the nanny aunt was five years old, her father told her to go up the mountain to cut wood, and the aunt took an axe from home and went up the mountain. Halfway up the hill, I was exhausted, so I had a rest. My aunt rested and cut down trees desperately. When I cut it, the tree was not cut, but my hand was cut. have bad luck ...

Haha, one is funnier than the other. I have something on them, and I'm not afraid of being scolded in the future!

3. Interview an elder who has experienced the facts. How to write a composition? The girl is the only daughter in the family. Their departure was a heavy blow to both parents.

Wang Yingbing, 15 years old, is a friend of Shen Fang and Zhang Yijiao who grew up together. She cried all night on the night of the incident and couldn't accept the fact. Zhang Xiaokang, a villager and a third-grade teacher in Yao Hui Middle School, recalled that the two children were very fond of helping others, and everyone liked them. "It's a pity to leave so early!" "Fangfang is really a good doll. She is going to buy earrings for grandma on Saturday. Unexpectedly ... "Speaking of her daughter Shen Fang, Shen Yuping choked up.

He said Fangfang is an outgoing child who is especially filial to his elders. I am a driver and often go to other places. My mother works in the county seat. Children stay with their grandmothers and often cook for them. When my parents come home, she will chat with them to relieve boredom.

In Zhang Yijiao's diary, I once wrote a diary entitled "Life". "Life is precious and short, and I want to pursue a better life." Simple words reveal the desire for a better life in the future.

The representative of this Chinese class is best at writing compositions. Zhang Zhixian, a 64-year-old grandfather, said that Zhang Yijiao's parents have been working in Xinjiang, and the children usually live with their grandparents. The children are very sensible and caring.

Grandma suffers from sequelae of cerebral infarction and can't take care of herself. After the children are busy, feed her and wipe her body. After hearing the news that the child left, grandma fainted several times, and now she is still taking an intravenous drip.

Knowing that they can't swim, Shen Fang and Wang Zhu, aged 65,438+05, jumped into the canal to save their drowning companion Zhang Yijiao. Finally, Shen Fang and Zhang Yijiao died because of the rapid current, and Wang Zhu was rescued. Gaoling County Education Bureau issued a notice calling on teachers and students in the county to learn from Shen Fang and Wang Zhu, two rescuers.

Shen Fang, Wang Zhu and Zhang Yijiao are all from Dongsheng Village, Yao Hui Township, Gaoling County. They are not only 15 years old, but also go to Yao Hui Middle School in Gaoling County and are inseparable friends. They go to school, finish school and do homework almost every day. 17 At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of April, the three of them rode home together after taking the school midterm exam.

Later, a classmate from a neighboring village found the three of them to play. At 5 pm, the three met to escort their classmates home. At about 7 pm, on the way back, when riding a bike through a small bridge in Jing Hui District, southwest of the village, Zhang Yijiao accidentally fell down when riding a corner and fell into the water 2 meters deep.

The water in the canal was so urgent that Zhang Yijiao was washed out several meters at once. She struggled to shout "help". Save lives.

4. Interview with my parents' interview manuscript. I know I spend more time looking for clues, collecting information and drawing up a perfect interview outline. General news reports also attach great importance to the preliminary work of interviews. Journalists should be good at studying and analyzing information and writing an interview outline on this basis.

However, this kind of data analysis is limited and the interview outline is relatively rough. Because the main purpose of general news interview is to obtain a relatively independent fact.

Therefore, as long as journalists are good at asking questions, they will often gain something. However, the depth of a single and relatively independent fact is not enough for in-depth reporting.

The study of "why" and "how" makes the collection and research of background information a place where journalists spend a lot of energy in in-depth reporting and early interview. First of all, through the research and analysis of social reality and development, identify the hot and difficult issues that the audience is generally concerned about.

Whether the subject matter can be selected accurately, sensitively and farsightedly is directly related to the success or failure of in-depth reporting. This requires journalists to have a keen sense of smell in real life and a wise grasp of social dynamics.

Freezing Point of China Youth Daily is a column that is good at in-depth reporting, but those seemingly cold news events are just the tip of the iceberg of social hot and difficult issues for some time. Through hard investigation and study, journalists found the right subject matter in the messy and trivial clues. Secondly, collect and analyze background information.

The background of news events generally includes: supplementary historical materials, materials showing the relationship between things, materials providing necessary experiences for characters, data facts and so on. Collecting and analyzing these background materials is very important for the preparation of in-depth reports and interviews, and also has a far-reaching role in promoting the whole reporting process, including helping journalists get interview opportunities, quickly enter the interview role, and gain the trust of the interviewees. In order to interview Dr. Kissinger exclusively, CCTV reporter Shui Junyi analyzed Dr. Kissinger's personality characteristics on the basis of preparing a lot of relevant background materials, and then directly contacted Kissinger's office for an interview. He also explained the benefits of Kissinger's interview to the office staff, and finally let Kissinger accept an exclusive interview.

Finally, draft a comprehensive, in-depth and clear interview outline. The interview outline is the embodiment of journalists' logical thinking and thinking level. A good interview outline can help reporters strengthen their confidence, stay calm in the face of adversity, take the initiative in the interview and make the interview get perfect results.

Du Junfei mentioned in the book Principles of In-depth Reporting that Lalu Gilland, a professor of journalism in Nevada, USA, had put forward an auxiliary formula for designing an interview outline, which had certain guiding significance. He reminded reporters that when setting questions, the following specific questions should be involved: goal-what is the goal you (or organization) want to achieve? Obstacles-Do you have any problems? What is the current resistance? Solution-How do you deal with these problems? Is there a solution to the contradiction? When did this idea begin? Whose opinion is it based on? Of course, the drafting of the interview outline also has a great relationship with the reporter's own interview habits and communication methods, but it is more important to ensure the uniqueness, accuracy, coherence, creativity and fascination of the question.

After all, the interview is nothing more than a lively and thoughtful conversation. Specific questioning skills include: 1, grasp the core question, get to the point, and get to the point. This method is to ask some difficult and closely related questions at the beginning, and then expand them into more general questions.

Suitable for interviewing people who are good at words, quick thinking and confident. Cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you are frank and efficient, and cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you know what to do and are worth talking to.

2, from shallow to deep, ask questions and explore unknown details. In-depth reporting has many sharp problems, and sometimes it is inevitable for reporters to hit a wall. The interviewee is either nervous, evasive and irrelevant, or deliberately refuses, evasive and perfunctory.

This requires reporters to have the perseverance and skills to ask questions. You can first use some broad topics to ease the atmosphere and gradually introduce topics; Or beat about the bush, trace back to the source, and lead to unknown details.

3. Inductive questions will lead to vivid and convincing dialogues. In leading questions, the interviewee should be sensitive and willing to argue, while the reporter should grasp the opportunity of conversation and induce the other party to give a positive answer with tone, intonation or wording.

What kind of results will be produced by leading questions depends on the harmonious relationship between journalists and interviewees. Because leading questions can easily make the conversation uncompromising, but as long as a harmonious relationship is maintained, it may lead to unexpected truth.

4. Moderate silence. Silence is also an important skill in in-depth reporting, because most of the in-depth reporting questions are targeted, targeted and exclusive, and it is necessary to leave time for the interviewee to think and explain the questions.

Smart reporters generally don't interrupt the interviewees, so they may get direct questions that they can't get. Keeping a straight face is sometimes just as effective.

Mike wallace, a famous American TV host, said, "I find that the most interesting thing in TV interview is to ask a beautiful question, and then you will be silent for three or four seconds after the other person answers, as if you are still expecting more answers from him. Do you know what will happen? The other party will feel a little embarrassed and talk to you about more things. "

Be good at observing and listening, and capture the facts that can't be revealed in the interview question and answer. Ai Feng reminded all reporters "don't forget to bring your eyes and ears when interviewing".

We emphasize observation and listening, because in-depth reports and interviews require the full commitment of journalists. Many little-known truths and precious news facts are perceived by journalists by mobilizing all their senses, including their hearts. (1) Choose a suitable perspective for detailed observation.

This perspective may refer to a macroscopic and holistic perspective to grasp the relationship between things; It may also refer to the reporter's personal feelings and thoughts; It may also refer to the microscopic perspective when observing on the spot. In short, the correct perspective and careful observation will enable journalists to obtain accurate, direct and distinctive information.

(2) make one.

5. How to write the interview draft of historical events? Zhang Xueliang, who initiated the Xi Incident and rewritten the modern history of China and the destiny of the people of China, died at the age of 1, 0 1. So far, he has not seen any direct evaluation of the Xi incident.

This newspaper exclusively obtained the oral historical data of Zhang Xueliang's recollection of the Xi Incident. He personally traced the emotions and reasons of Xi 'an incident, solved the big puzzle that affected the situation in China and the world, and clarified all kinds of guesses and speculations of historians. In the oral recording interview, Zhang Xueliang unveiled a historical scene that has been dusty for more than 60 years. He said that after the Xi incident, the generalissimo personally told him: "I will not suppress * * *.

I don't suppress * * *, cooperate with * * *. "China's history, the fate of the country * * * rewritten from now on, China * * * easy to attack and difficult to keep.

Guo Guanying, an amateur historian who studied Zhang Xueliang's deeds, and Tang Degang, an American historian, obtained Zhang Xueliang's consent on 1990, and conducted a recording interview on several key points of Zhang Xueliang's initiation of the Xi Incident and his bus trip with Jiang. After sorting out the recorded draft, it will be published by this newspaper.

This is Zhang Xueliang's first interview with the Xi incident, which has important historical value. I have explained the ins and outs of the events of Jiang Gong and Xi.

During the visit, Zhang Xueliang voluntarily admitted that the policy of non-resistance was abandoned in Northeast China on September 18th, 20 10, and the responsibility was not in the central government, but in him. Zhang Xueliang also has an oral history project at Columbia University, but it can only be made public after the death of the relevant parties.

The audio recordings obtained by this newspaper have more than 10,000 words, which is even more precious. (1) The Xi event was forced out! I chose to suppress * * * Guo: Why did you call * * * when you came back from abroad (1934 came back from Europe)? Zhang: At that time, the old headmaster was really kind to me. He told me when I came back. He told me everything. He said, Han Qing, I know you are very interesting. I won't play when I come back.

Second, you choose. Everyone in China didn't understand you before going out. You choose what you want to do. There are two things, one is Liu Heiqi and the other is a bandit. At that time, there was a lot of trouble. Go and beat Liu Heiqi.

One is that you ask * * * to go to three provinces (Henan, Hubei and Anhui). I didn't want to fight bandits, but later I decided to suppress * * *.

I chose it myself. At that time, Wang Jingwei meant to let me be the Beijing-Shanghai garrison commander.

Come back, I myself, with my conscience, would like to be the commander of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison. I made it clear to the old headmaster at that time that he would not allow me. Guo: Director of duty room? Zhang: Not this one. Most people don't understand this. The Northeast Army is my burden.

I told the old president that I didn't want to take the Northeast Army and quit. When I am the commander of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison, I won't take the Northeast Army. To put it bluntly, I just don't want to lead troops and quit. This is a burden.

Therefore, this burden is always a burden that I can't get rid of. In the final analysis, the reason is still this burden. Most soldiers in the northeast will blame me for this sentence. You have such a relationship with Mr. Jiang. We came with you. What should we do now? Homeless and nowhere to go, the central government doesn't want us, even if we die, we won't get it ... The military and political departments ordered us to get a pension, but we have to go back to our hometown to get it.

Then go back to the northeast to get it? Is this unreasonable? So I can't get rid of this burden. So I'm really in the middle of a national disaster, and my family feud is still unresolved, and I can't get rid of this burden in the Northeast.

Then Dai Li told me something. He said that we don't understand what you said. The Northeast Army is your burden? Now we have a burden, too. What should I do with this part? So people, you, you didn't do it, you have to have subordinates, especially China. You didn't work as a director before, but I worked as a subordinate. I'll come to you tomorrow. That's how it came about.

I am the commander-in-chief of the three northeastern provinces, and my father died. I'm not ready! I don't want to do this! Don: Not careful. Zhang: That's the way the world is. There is no such preparation. Not prepared.

As if to say, I won't tell you jokes? I don't touch literati. I said you are a maggot. What shall we do if you don't get up? I won't stay away from ghosts and gods with you (literati).

Please note that you three, Americans and great people sometimes fail. They don't know whether they are successful or not. Life self-evaluation: failure Guo: Han Palace, do you think your life is a success or a failure? Zhang: Failure.

Guo: Why? Zhang: I'll think for myself. I said I failed. What is the reason? When I was young, I was completely on my own, and I didn't discuss anything with others.

I discussed it with Wang once or twice, except sometimes very important things. I have great respect for him. He is my secretary-general, and everything else depends on myself. I think about myself. I was proud when I was young, and I spent several great events: Guo Songling defected and my father died.

Guo Songling's defection is a very difficult thing, and my father's death is the saddest thing for me. I have to deal with internal and external troubles, so I also spent it. Later, I worked with the Central Committee for so many years, especially when Mr. Jiang almost handed over the northern affairs to me. I was very proud.

I often say that doing clouds and rain is almost two-thirds of the world's. You can't say there is a second and there is a first. I left all the northern affairs to me and managed so many provinces.

I was only twenty-eight or nine years old. So I remembered it myself. I am proud of myself. I didn't give it to others.

I never think about the future of this matter like others. I never thought about it. I just think I'll do what I do. When I make up my mind, I am always so firm.

Am I selfish in it? Am I doing this for my own benefit? Do I have a clear conscience? Okay, no, I have a clear conscience. I'm not selfish. I dare say that I didn't have any personal interests in doing that (Xi incident).

I haven't done anything related to my personal status and interests. I didn't. If I had my own status and interests, there would be no Xi incident.

I'm telling you, I'm in power and rich. I don't want anything. So, Mr. Jiang can forgive me.

Do I ask Mr. Jiang for money? I'm asking him for territory? I didn't. I sacrificed myself.

Sacrifice yourself. Why? My first question is: Stop fighting. I said, what are we fighting with * *? They are all from China. What are you playing? It's all political issues. I'll talk about it later.

I told Gong Jie that if I said * * *, you would hold it. He said why? I said * * * Yes.