Is it better to make a mold or a machine?

(mold; Mould; Death; Tooling; Matrix; Various molds and tools used in industrial production, through injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, die casting or forging, melting, stamping and stretching to obtain the required products. In short, molds are tools used to shape objects. This tool is composed of various parts, and different molds are composed of different parts. It mainly realizes the processing of the shape of the article by changing the physical state of the molding material. According to the different molding materials, molds can be divided into metal molds and non-metal molds. Metal molds are divided into: casting molds (non-ferrous metal die casting, steel castings) and forging molds; Non-metallic molds are divided into plastic molds and inorganic non-metallic molds. According to the different materials of the mold itself, the mold can be divided into sand mold, metal mold, vacuum mold, paraffin mold and so on. Among them, with the rapid development of polymer plastics, plastic molds are closely related to people's lives. Plastic molds can be generally divided into injection molding molds, compression molding molds, extrusion molding molds, gas-assisted molding molds, vacuum molding molds, etc.

Mass production of non-sheet metal steel parts-cold heading, die forging, metal die, etc.

Sheet metal discharge-hot rolling, cold rolling, hot rolling and cold rolling

Sheet metal processing-stretching, bulging, bending, stamping and blanking

Non-ferrous metals-die casting, powder metallurgy

Plastic parts-injection molding, blow molding (plastic bottles), extrusion (pipe fittings) compression, vacuum

Other classifications of molds:

Alloy mould

Metal plate mold

Plastic mold

Stamping tool

casting mould

extrusion die

Die casting die

The mold in this paragraph is a model, and the products are all made according to this model, but how the mold is produced may not be answered by most mold professionals. Mold plays an irreplaceable role in our life, and most of our daily necessities are inseparable from mold, such as computers, telephones, fax machines, keyboards, cups and other plastic products. In addition, the covers of automobile and motorcycle engines are also made of molds, and a single automobile needs more than 20,000 molds. Therefore, the role of modern life mold is irreplaceable. As long as it is mass-produced, it is inseparable, at least in the last 50 years.

Machinery [j and xiè]

1. [machine; Mechanical]: A device composed of mechanical principles.

2. [machinery; Rigid; In flexibility]: metaphor is rigid and inflexible.

Machine, which comes from Greek mechine and Latin mecina, originally means "ingenious design". As a general mechanical concept, it can be traced back to ancient Rome, mainly to distinguish it from hand tools. The word "machine" in modern Chinese is the general term of English words "mechanism" and "machine". The characteristic of this mechanism is that machinery is a combination of artificial physical components. There is definite relative motion between all parts of the machine. In addition to the characteristics of mechanism, a machine must also have a third characteristic, that is, it can replace human labor to complete useful mechanical work or convert mechanical energy, so the machine can convert mechanical energy or complete the most basic concept in the principle of useful generating machinery. The modern concept of machinery in China mostly comes from the word "machinery" in Japanese mechanical engineering. The concept of machinery is defined as follows (that is, it meets the following three characteristics and is called mechanical machine):

Machinery is a combination of objects, and it is difficult to deform even if a force is applied to each part of it.

These objects must realize the mutual conversion of applied energy into the most useful form or effective mechanical work.

The concept of machinery

China concept

The word "machine" consists of two Chinese characters: machine and machinery. "Machine"-originally refers to local key parts; "Machinery"-In ancient China, it originally referred to a complete instrument or equipment. Together, these two words form the word "machinery", which constitutes the general concept of machinery.

In ancient Chinese, "machine" originally refers to a specific device, and later refers to general machinery. "Shang Jia" has "If you are worried about the machine, you will be relieved if you go to save the cover." "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything": "Its hair is like a machine." "Interpretation" said: "Machine, crossbow teeth; Enclosed, the arrow is enclosed. " The explanation of "machine" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is "machine, the main initiator", which refers to crossbow machine. "Zhuangzi Mountain Forest" says: "A rich fox and a leopard ... are inevitably caught in a trap", that is, devices such as clips. The ancient "machine expression" refers to the loom. "Huai Nan Zi Pan Zi Lun" contains "Apollo made clothes at the beginning, but ... his hand was hanged, which became the trap of Judah. Later generations will take the opportunity to show that victory is used by them. " "Biography of Historical Records of Li Sheng" has "The farmer let off the thunder and two women got off the plane". Therefore, the original meaning of "machine" refers to the rotating parts that constitute the rotating pair in the mechanical device.

"Machinery" in ancient China refers to objects such as utensils and utensils. "Zhuangzi Heaven and Earth" contains "If there is machinery here, it will get twice the result with half the effort", and the "machinery" here is a general instrument or appliance; Mozi's public defeat: "public defeat is like a soldier, making a ladder for Chu" here refers to weapons; The Biography of Sima Qian in Han Dynasty contains: "Huaiyin (Han Xin) received Chen's instrument", in which "instrument" refers to instruments of torture.

The twelfth chapter of Zhuangzi's Outside the Heaven and the Earth "... Zi Gong said:' There are equipment here, and you can make 100 beds a day, which is more effective with half the effort. "What does the master want?" Looking up at the gardener, he said, "What can I do?" It is said that' chopping wood is a machine, with heavy back and light front. If you draw water, it is called soup, so it is called' cloud'. Xiao Pu said angrily,' I heard that my teacher, who has machinery, must have organic things, and those who have organic things must have organic hearts. If the heart of the machine is in the chest, it will be pure white. If you are not prepared for pure white, you will be uncertain. God is uncertain, and Tao does not contain it. I don't know, but I'm ashamed not to do so. "Zi Gong hides it, but condescends to be wrong." This dialogue gives a definition of machinery for the dialogue between Zi Gong and the old man, that is, "machinery is an instrument that can see more work with little force". There is a similar argument in Hanfeizi Volume XV, Difficult Classics II: "If we focus on the advantages of terrain, ships and machinery, we will use less troops, make great achievements and gain more." Therefore, in the Warring States period at the latest, China has formed a concept close to the meaning of "machinery" in modern mechanical engineering.

Western concept

The earliest definition of "machinery" in the West is that "machinery is a device combined with wood, mainly used to carry heavy objects" given by the ancient Roman architect Vitruwei in his Ten Books on Architecture, and distinguishes between machinery and tools: "There seems to be the following difference between machinery and tools. That is to say, mechanics have the most manpower and great strength, such as heavy crossbows and grape presses. Tools, such as scorpion-shaped crossbows or unequal-circle spiral devices, are carefully operated by the operator to achieve the goal. So tools and machinery are indispensable things in use. " Heron of Alexandria first discussed the basic elements of machinery in 1 century. He thinks there are five types of mechanical elements: wheels and shafts, levers, pulleys, wedges and screws. Hong's exposition embodies the characteristics of classical machinery.

1724, Leopold, a mechanic in Leipzig, Germany, defined it as "a machine or tool is an artificial device used to produce beneficial movement; At the same time, it can save time and strength in other aspects. " The definition given by the British mechanic R.Willis in the Principle of Mechanism (184 1) is: "Any machine is composed of a group of parts connected in various ways. If one part moves, the rest parts will also move to a certain extent. These components are different from the original movement. German mechanic F.Reuleaux defined it in his Theoretical Kinematics (1875) as "a machine is a combination of many objects with resistance, and its configuration mode enables them to force the mechanical forces of nature to do work in a certain motion. "

Generally speaking, machinery is a tool device that can help people reduce difficulties or labor. Things like chopsticks, brooms and tweezers can all be called machinery. They are simple machines. A complex machine is composed of two or more simple machines. We usually call these complicated machines machines (the second volume of science textbooks for fifth grade primary school). Feature editing of machinery This part of machinery is a combination of artificial physical parts.

There is definite relative motion between all parts of the machine.

In addition to the characteristics of mechanism, a machine must also have a third characteristic, that is, a mechanism that can replace human labor to complete useful mechanical work or convert mechanical energy, so a machine can convert mechanical energy or complete useful mechanical work. From the point of view of structure and movement, there is no difference between mechanism and machine, which is generally called machinery. Mechanical-mechanical definition editor The definitions of mechanism and machine in this section come from mechanical engineering and belong to the most basic concepts in modern mechanical principles. The modern concept of machinery in China mostly comes from the word "machinery" in Japanese, and the definition of mechanical concept in Japanese mechanical engineering is as follows (that is, it meets the following three characteristics and is called mechanical machine):

Machinery is a combination of objects, and it is difficult to deform even if a force is applied to each part of it.

These objects must achieve mutual, single and specific movements. Convert the applied energy into the most useful form or effective mechanical work.

The floorboard of all machines and mechanisms with definite motion systems. Such as machine tools, tractors, etc. Stiff; Not flexible.

Mechanical engineering is an applied discipline that studies and solves theoretical and practical problems in the development, design, manufacture, installation, operation and repair of various machines based on related natural and technical sciences and combined with technical experience accumulated in production practice.

The development of various engineering fields needs the corresponding development of mechanical engineering and the necessary machinery provided by mechanical engineering. The invention and perfection of some machinery will lead to the emergence and development of new engineering technology and new industries. For example, the successful manufacture of large-scale power machinery has contributed to the establishment of power systems; The invention of locomotive led to the rise of railway engineering and railway cause; The invention and progress of internal combustion engine, gas turbine and rocket engine, as well as the successful development of aircraft and spacecraft, have led to the rise of aviation and aerospace; The development of high-pressure equipment has led to the success of many new synthetic chemistry projects and so on.

Mechanical engineering is the ability to gain development momentum under the pressure of increasing demand from all aspects, and to obtain improvement and innovation from the progress of various disciplines and technologies.

Common explanations of 1:

A machine is a simple device that can transfer energy and force from one place to another. It can change the shape and structure of objects to create new objects. In our life, there are countless different kinds of machines working for us.

The daily understanding of machinery is mechanical devices, that is, various machines and instruments.

2。 Importance explanation:

From the perspective of mechanical specialty, machinery has a very important basic position.

Machinery is one of the five elements of production and service in modern society (namely, people, capital, energy, materials and machinery).

When talking about the industrial society, Marx said that the industrial society, especially the big industrial society, is the era when machines are used to produce machines.

All kinds of physical equipment, such as electric lights, telephones, televisions, refrigerators, elevators, etc. Everything that comes into contact with life contains mechanical components or is contained in machinery in a broad sense. From the production point of view, all kinds of machine tools, automation equipment, aircraft, ships, Shenzhou 5, Shenzhou VI, etc. , are indispensable to machinery.

Not to mention chemical plants, power plants and so on.

Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that machinery is a foundation of modern society. If someone wants to say that agriculture is also the foundation, it is understandable, but in modern society, machinery, as the foundation of the whole industry and engineering, can be regarded as a major pillar of society without exaggeration.

Machinery is needed in any modern industrial and engineering field, even in people's daily life, and more and more machines are used, such as cars, bicycles, clocks, cameras, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners and so on.

3. English explanation: machine tool machinery CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP/CIMS.

4. Related words:

Mechanical industry, mechanical machinery, mechanical manufacturing, optimal design of automatic working machine tools and modern mechanical design methods.

Reverse engineering of finite element analysis of mechanical design mechanism design

5. Mechanical Design Manual: China Mechanical Design Ceremony Journal of Mechanical Engineering of China Institution of Mechanical Engineers Huazhong University of Science and Technology Mechanical-Mechanical Engineering Content Editor The service field of mechanical engineering in this section is broad and multifaceted, and all departments that use machinery, tools and even energy and materials need mechanical engineering services. Generally speaking, modern mechanical engineering has five service fields: developing and providing energy conversion machinery, developing and providing machinery for producing various products, developing and providing machinery for various services, developing and providing machinery for family and personal life, and developing and providing various mechanical weapons.

No matter what field it serves, the work content of mechanical engineering is basically the same, mainly including:

Establish and develop the engineering theoretical basis of mechanical engineering. For example, engineering mechanics and fluid mechanics, which study force and motion; Engineering materials science studies the properties and applications of metal and nonmetal materials; Study the thermodynamics of heat energy generation, conduction and transformation; Learn the working principle, structure, design and calculation of various mechanical parts with independent functions, mechanical principles and mechanical parts science; Metal technology and non-metal technology, studying the forming and cutting of metal and non-metal.

Research, design and develop new mechanical products, constantly improve existing mechanical products, and produce a new generation of mechanical products to meet current and future needs.

Production of mechanical products, including: planning and realization of production facilities; Production planning and production scheduling; Prepare and implement manufacturing process; Design and manufacture tools and molds; Determine the labor quota and material quota; Organize processing, assembly, debugging, packaging and shipment; Effectively control product quality.

Operation and management of machinery manufacturing enterprises. Machinery is usually a complex product assembled by many precision parts through unique molding and processing technology. Production batches include single and small batches, medium batches and large batches until mass production. The sales target covers all industries, individuals and families. In addition, under the influence of social and economic conditions, the sales volume may fluctuate greatly. Therefore, the management and operation of machinery manufacturing enterprises are particularly complicated, and the research on production management, planning and operation of enterprises also began in the machinery industry.

The application of mechanical products includes the selection, ordering, acceptance, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance, repair and transformation of machinery and complete sets of mechanical equipment used in various industries to ensure the reliability and economy of mechanical products in long-term use.

This paper studies the environmental pollution and excessive consumption of natural resources caused by mechanical products in the manufacturing process, especially in the use process, and its control measures. This is a particularly important task of modern mechanical engineering, and its importance is increasing day by day. There are many kinds of machinery in this section, which can be divided into various categories according to several different aspects, such as power machinery, material handling machinery, crushing machinery and so on. According to their functions; According to the service industry, it can be divided into agricultural machinery, mining machinery and textile machinery. According to working principle, it can be divided into thermal machinery, fluid machinery and bionic machinery.

In addition, machinery has to go through several stages with different working characteristics in its research, development, design, manufacture, application and other processes. According to these different stages, mechanical engineering can be divided into several subsystems, such as mechanical research, mechanical design, mechanical manufacturing, mechanical operation and maintenance.

These multidisciplinary systems, which belong to different aspects, intersect and overlap with each other, so that mechanical engineering may be divided into hundreds of branches. For example, power machinery has complex overlapping and overlapping relationships with thermal machinery, fluid machinery, turbine machinery, reciprocating machinery, steam power machinery, nuclear power plants, internal combustion engines and gas turbines according to their working principles, and with central power station equipment, industrial power stations, railway locomotives, marine engineering and automobile engineering according to their industries. Marine steam turbines are power machinery, thermal machinery, fluid machinery and turbine machinery. It belongs to a marine power plant, a steam power plant and possibly a nuclear power plant.

Analyzing this complex relationship and studying the most reasonable branch system of mechanical engineering has certain knowledge significance, but it is not of great practical value. The meaning of mechatronics editor put forward the concept of "mechatronics technology" for the first time in this paragraph 1 and around 1970 in Japanese business circles. At that time, they named it "mechatronics", which combined the applied mechanical technology with electronic technology. With the rapid development and wide application of computer technology, mechatronics technology has achieved unprecedented development, and has been generally decomposed into interrelated system technologies, which combines computer and information technology, automatic control technology, sensor detection technology, servo drive technology and mechanical technology. At present, it is developing in the direction of optical, mechanical and electrical integration, and its application scope is increasing.

Electromechanical integration technology specifically includes the following contents:

(1) Mechanical technology Mechanical technology is the foundation of mechatronics. The key point of mechanical technology lies in how to adapt to electromechanical integration technology, use other high-tech to update ideas, realize the changes of structure, material and performance, and meet the requirements of reducing weight, reducing volume, improving accuracy, improving stiffness and improving performance. In the manufacturing process of mechatronics system, classical mechanical theory and technology depend on computer-aided technology, and information exchange, access, operation, judgment and decision-making, artificial intelligence technology, expert system technology and neural network technology all belong to computer information processing technology.

(3) System technology

System technology is to organize and apply various related technologies with the concept of the whole, and decompose the whole into several interrelated functional units. Interface technology is an important aspect of system technology and the guarantee to realize the organic connection of all parts of the system.

(4) Automatic control technology

It covers a wide range. Under the guidance of control theory, the system design, system simulation after design and field debugging are carried out. Control technologies include high-precision positioning control, speed control, adaptive control, self-diagnosis and correction, compensation, copying and retrieval.

(5) Sensing detection technology

Sensing detection technology is the sensory organ of the system and the key link to realize automatic control and adjustment. The stronger its function, the higher the degree of automation of the system. Modern engineering requires that sensors can obtain information quickly and accurately, and can withstand the test of harsh environment, which is the guarantee for the electromechanical integration system to reach a high level.

(6) Servo transmission technology includes various types of transmission devices, such as electric, pneumatic and hydraulic. Servo system is a device and component that realizes the conversion from electrical signal to mechanical action, which has a decisive influence on the dynamic performance, control quality and function of the system.

2. Mechatronics major

(1) Training objectives:

This major cultivates the basic theory of mechanical, electrical and hydraulic (pneumatic) integration technology with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor, masters the operation, maintenance, debugging and repair of electromechanical integration equipment, and masters the basic method-level engineers and technicians who apply the process design and control requirements of machining process system to mechanical systems.

(2) Main courses:

Electrical technology, electronic technology, mechanical design foundation, processing machine tools, mechanical processing, etc. ) are included. Electromechanical integration system is edited in this section 1. Mechanical body Mechanical body includes frame, mechanical connection, mechanical transmission, etc. It is the foundation of mechatronics, and plays the role of supporting other functional units in the system and transmitting movement and power. Compared with pure mechanical products, the technical performance and function of mechatronics system have been improved, which requires the mechanical body to adapt to it in terms of mechanical structure, materials, processing technology and geometric dimensions, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, multifunction, reliability, energy saving, small volume, light weight and beauty.

2. Detection and sensing part The detection and sensing part includes various sensors and their signal detection circuits, and its function is to detect the parameter changes related to the external environment during the working process of the mechatronics system and transmit the information to the electronic control unit, which sends corresponding control to the actuator according to the detected information.

3. Electronic control unit The electronic control unit, also known as rhythm, sends out corresponding instructions to control the whole system to proceed purposefully.

4. Actuator The function of the actuator is to drive the movement of mechanical parts according to the instructions of the electronic control unit. The actuator is a moving part, usually driven by electricity, air pressure and hydraulic pressure.

5. Power supply is the energy supply part of mechatronics products, and its function is to provide energy and power to the mechanical system according to the system control requirements, so that the system can operate normally. The ways to provide energy include electric energy, pneumatic energy and hydraulic energy, in which electric energy is the main energy. Editor of development course of mechanical-mechanical engineering. The symbol of this period of human becoming a "modern man" is to make tools. All kinds of stone axes, hammers and simple and rough wooden and leather tools in the Stone Age were the pioneers of machinery that appeared later. It has gone through a long process from manufacturing simple tools to manufacturing modern machinery composed of multiple parts.

Thousands of years ago, humans created mortars and mills for shelling and crushing grains, oranges and windmills for carrying water, cars with wheels, ships sailing in rivers, paddles, paddles and rudders. The power used has developed from human physical strength to the use of animal power, water power and wind power. The materials used have developed from natural stones, wood, mud and leather to artificial materials. The earliest man-made material is ceramics, and the pottery cart for making ceramic utensils is a complete machine composed of power, transmission and work.

From the Stone Age to the Bronze Age, and then to the Iron Age, the development of blowers used to blow fire played an important role. Only with a strong enough blower can the metallurgical furnace get a high enough temperature and extract metal from ore. China had blowers for smelting and casting from 1000 BC to 900 BC, and gradually developed from manual blast to animal blast and hydraulic blast.

15 ~ 16 century ago, the development of mechanical engineering was slow. However, in thousands of years of practice, mechanical development has accumulated considerable experience and technical knowledge, which has become an important potential for the future development of mechanical engineering. /kloc-after the 0/7th century, capitalism appeared in Britain, France and western European countries, and commodity production began to become the central issue of society.

/kloc-In the late 8th century, the application of steam engines expanded from mining to textile, flour, metallurgy and other industries. The main material of manufacturing machinery has gradually changed from wood to tougher metal, but manual processing is very difficult. The machinery manufacturing industry began to take shape and became an important industry within several decades.

By expanding practice, mechanical engineering has gradually developed into a theoretical, systematic and independent engineering technology from a scattered skill that mainly relies on the personal talent and skills of craftsmen. Mechanical engineering is the main technical factor contributing to the industrial revolution and large-scale production of capitalist machinery in the 18 ~ 19 century.

Power is an important factor in developing production. /kloc-In the late 7th century, with the improvement and development of various machinery and the increasing demand for coal and metal ores, people felt that it was impossible to raise production to a new stage by relying on human and animal power.

In Britain, textile, milling and other industries are increasingly located in rivers, and working machines are driven by water wheels. But at that time, the groundwater in coal mines, tin mines, copper mines and other mines could only be lifted and removed by a large number of animal power. Under such production demand, the atmospheric steam engine in newcomen appeared at the beginning of18th century to drive the mine drainage pump. However, this kind of steam engine has a high fuel consumption rate and is basically only used in coal mines.

1765, watt invented a steam engine with an independent condenser, which reduced the fuel consumption rate. 178 1 year, watt invented the steam engine to provide rotating power, which expanded the application scope of the steam engine. The invention and development of steam engines enable mining and industrial production, railways and shipping to provide power by mechanical means. The steam engine is almost the only power source in the19th century, but the steam engine and its boiler, condenser, cooling water system, etc. They are bulky and their application is very inconvenient.

At the end of 19, power supply systems and motors began to be developed and popularized. At the beginning of the 20th century, the motor has replaced the steam engine in industrial production and become the basic power to drive various working machines. The mechanization of production is inseparable from electrification, which plays a role in production through mechanization.

In the early days of power stations, steam engines were used as power. At the beginning of the 20th century, steam turbines with high efficiency, high speed and high power appeared, and hydraulic turbines adapted to various water resources also appeared, which promoted the vigorous development of power supply system.

/kloc-the internal combustion engine invented in the late 20th century, after years of improvement, has become a prime Mover with light weight, small volume, high efficiency, convenient operation and ready to start. It was first used to drive unpowered land working machinery, then used in automobiles, mobile machinery and ships, and began to be used in railway locomotives in the middle of the 20th century. Since the steam turbine and internal combustion engine are excluded, the steam engine is no longer an important power machine. The development of internal combustion engine and the later invention of gas turbine and jet engine are one of the basic technical factors for the successful development of aircraft and spacecraft.

Before the industrial revolution, machines were mostly made of wood and made by carpenters. Metals (mainly copper and iron) are only used to make small parts of instruments, locks, clocks, pumps and wood structures. Metal processing mainly depends on the meticulous work of mechanics to achieve the required accuracy. With the popularization of steam engine power plant and the development of large-scale machinery such as mines, metallurgy, ships and locomotives, more and more metal parts need to be formed and cut, and the required precision is getting higher and higher. The applied metal materials have developed from copper and iron to steel.

Mechanical processing, including forging, forging, sheet metal processing, welding, heat treatment and other technologies and equipment, as well as cutting technology and machine tools, tools, measuring tools and so on. The rapid development has ensured the supply of machinery and equipment needed for the development and production of various industries.

With the development of social economy, the demand for mechanical products has soared. The increase of production batch and the progress of precision machining technology have promoted the formation of a large number of production methods such as parts exchange production, professional division of labor and cooperation, assembly line and assembly line.

Generally speaking, molds are better, because all kinds of things are decided by designers with the progress of society.