Twenty-four solar term song?

Twenty-four solar terms and their songs

Twenty-four solar terms are the creation of ancient astronomers and working people in China, and they are unique to China. It accurately reflects the position of the sun on the ecliptic and vividly reflects the cycle law of the four seasons on the ground. Therefore, calculating and predicting the 24 solar terms has always been an important task for China calendar scientists.

According to textual research, as early as the Yin Dynasty to the early Zhou Dynasty, the length of the midday sun shadow was measured by "earth gauge" (vertical pole), and four solar terms were determined: winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumn equinox. At the end of the Warring States Period, four solar terms, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, were added to Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals. Many scholars believe that the current names of the 24 solar terms first appeared in Huainanzi Astronomical Training in the early Han Dynasty. Zhuan Xu calendar in Qin and Han Dynasties was used in Huainan Tian Zi Xun. Therefore, it can be said that the twenty-four solar terms were created by the working people in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province during the Warring States Period. The length of the sun shadow of the twenty-four solar terms is also recorded in the ancient books such as Zhou Kuai Shu Jing and Hou Han Shu.

The 24 solar terms are completely divided according to the position of the sun's apparent motion on the ecliptic, that is, according to the ecliptic of the sun. If calculated from vernal equinox with longitude 0, the moment when the sun's central point passes through the bisector of longitude15 is the moment when the corresponding solar terms "communicate". It is very complicated to calculate the ecliptic, but it is easy to calculate the time of solar terms according to the daily ecliptic value published in the astronomical calendar. Find out the required solar longitude in the astronomical almanac, and after interpolation, you can calculate the date and time corresponding to any longitude value (for example, beginning of spring is 3 15, and it rains at 330), that is, the date and time corresponding to the solar terms. Because of the uneven revolution speed of the earth, the time required for the sun to pass through 15 on the ecliptic (the time interval between two solar terms) is also unequal. Now, the 24 solar terms (starting from beginning of spring, the odd ones are called solar terms, and the odd ones are called gas. Table 1 lists the order, longitude of the ecliptic, date of the solar calendar and the daily sequence between two solar terms.

The names of the twenty-four solar terms are concise and vivid, with rich contents, reflecting the seasonal changes, temperature levels, precipitation and agricultural activities. Therefore, it can guide the arrangement of agricultural production and is widely valued in rural areas. In order to make it easy to remember, people have compiled such a song formula:

Spring rain shocks spring and clear valley days, summer is full of mountains and summer is connected with heat, autumn dew is cold and frost, and winter snow drifts.

The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23. The date of qi is set every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.

The first four sentences in the formula are the order of the 24 solar terms, and the last four sentences are the fixed relationship between the 24 solar terms and the date of the solar calendar. These two solar terms appear on the 6th and 2 1 in the first half of the year, and on the 8th and 23rd in the second half. Due to the offset of the position of the vernal equinox on the ecliptic and the leap arrangement of the solar calendar, there will be a difference of one or two days between these dates. Remember the formula of this song, the order of solar terms and the approximate date.

(Selected from Introduction to Earth Teaching Reference edited by Ying Zhenhua, etc. )

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