Capital Ancient Village Capital Farming Folk Custom

Due to the geographical environment and natural conditions, the ancient city mainly relies on planting rice. Due to the influence of rice production, soil, fertilizer, water conservancy, temperature, light and other conditions, the working people have long formed the idea of "relying on the sky to eat" and "animism". The main customs are:

First, pray for divination

Forecast whether the next year will be a flood or a drought.

Seeing cows at the beginning of the year: At the dawn of the first day of the first month, farm children or adults will go to the cowshed to see cows. Cattle will be flooded this year if they stand, and dry all year if they sleep on the ground.

Look at the situation: on the first day of the first month, farmers should observe the situation. If it is cloudy, it indicates a bumper harvest. "The 20-year-old bird is bald and the high and low fields are ripe." Look at the wind and cloud, Dongfeng cart; Second in the northeast; Poor harvest in northwest China; Look at the clouds, there is a fiery red Huang Yun in the northwest, and there is no harvest in the dark clouds and white clouds.

Check the flood and drought: insert a marked bamboo on the beach and watch it every morning from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month. If it is found that the water rises that day, it means that this month is smaller and bigger.

Terrace Corner: In the first half of the first month of the first month, farmers lit straw torches on their fields at night, commonly known as "Terrace Corner", holding torches and shouting "Terrace Corner, three stones and six white rice, others have big barnyard grass, and they grow rice in their own fields." In some places, it is also called "putting money to the ground", and eating "cooking porridge" in the first half of the first month. The custom has been passed down to this day.

February 2 nd: February 2 nd of the lunar calendar, which was called Zhonghe Festival and Dragon Head Festival in ancient times, is also the birthday of Father Land. Because on February 2, the weather turned warmer, the dragon woke up from a deep sleep and held its head high, hence the name "Dragon looked up". On this day, every household fried the cakes or cakes sacrificed for the Spring Festival and went to bed. Insects were driven away without pesticides and insecticides, which was called "fumigation", and then straw was spread around houses and water tanks, commonly known as "bringing dragons back". Next, incense sticks were prepared for the land temple, which was used to burn incense and worship the land Lord and pray for the prosperity of agriculture.

On February 12 th, Baihua's birthday, the agricultural proverb "Nothing, just look at February 12 th". Today is a sunny day, which is a good harvest for the summer in the north.

Frog newspaper: on the third day of March, farmers go to the fields to listen to frogs before and at noon to predict whether the year is good or bad. Frogs sing before noon, with high fields and low Tian Feng at noon, so it is called "Frog Newspaper".

Beating: Beating is a practice, and it is necessary to set up an altar. A group of Taoist priests, led by the master, carried out sacrificial activities on the road according to the "ritual" instruments. Generally, there are prayers for sunny day, rain, thunder and plague. And most of them are praying for sunny rain. There is a Taoist gang in the west port of Ducheng, which specializes in this matter and has been passed down to the last century.

In order to drive away pests and pray for a bumper harvest, farmers hold out fierce generals and set them up in sacrificial ceremonies, which are called "fierce generals' meetings". Some take natural villages as units, and dozens of farmers consciously form associations, which are held four times a year, and farmers take turns to offer sacrifices.

2. Twelve-month busy farming season

As the agricultural proverb goes, "Farming depends on solar terms", the calendar system of Xia Dynasty was restored from "Great Li Chu" in the early Han Dynasty, and it has been used ever since. The summer calendar is also called the solar calendar. The summer calendar, also called the solar calendar, measures the year, month, day and time according to the moon's profit and loss. After the Republic of China, in order to adapt to the new trend, China adopted the universal solar calendar (the year, month, day and hour are measured by the time when the earth revolves around the sun for more than 360 days). As far as farming is concerned, it follows the lunar calendar. The twelve-month farming season is roughly as follows: in the first month, rope woven shoes (straw sandals); Dredging began in February; March station social drama; Collecting river mud in April; In May, the seedlings are cocooned; In June, the folk songs of rice fields shouted excitedly; Repair the boat in July to buy hemp skin; In August, the rice basket became famous; In September, all the big cooked and small cooked together; Go out to eat white rice in October; 1 1 month rice yield; Wear rented rice in December.

Three or twenty-four farming seasons are full of energy (agricultural proverb)

Beginning of spring: Running barefoot; Rain: spring rain is as expensive as oil, and wheat and broad beans are everywhere; Surprise: a thunder, hoes and iron bars out; Vernal equinox: the fields are busy during the Spring Festival; It rains every day in the spring breeze, but it doesn't rain at the autumnal equinox. Qingming: Qingming wants to know that Grain Rain wants rain; Grain Rain: Grain Rain can grow melons; Long summer: eat green beans in long summer (otherwise he will be very busy one day); Xiaoman: Xiaoman's sun, Empress's fist, seedling to the sun, hemp to the rain, till April; Miscanthus species: its species of Miscanthus species, everything must be planted; Solstice in summer: It is difficult to meet sunny days on the summer solstice, which is windy and hot. From the end of summer to the sun, the seedlings are busy, the seedlings rise, and the water retreats in summer. The first cotton is two beans, and the third is just red beans; Small summer heat: it thunders in small summer heat, and it turns out to be Huangmei, but the small summer heat does not see the head, and the big summer heat opens the stone; Great summer heat: six intestines are hot and grains are easy to knot, people jump on the shore, and rice laughs in the fields; Beginning of autumn: beginning of autumn is cold and beginning of autumn is hot at night. Beginning of autumn barnyard grass is better than firewood. Summer: a grain in the summer, a thunder in the summer, a pile of glutinous rice in the summer, and a dish in the summer; Bailu: Bailu, the autumn equinox is beautiful, Bailu is three morning dew, and the road is full of rice; Autumnal Equinox: There are many white clouds and crops everywhere at the autumnal equinox. Rice weeds are only afraid of wind, and wheat is most afraid of rain. Cold dew: there is no green rice in cold dew, and the first frost falls together, revealing the first frost wheat; The first frost: the first frost sees the rotten grain and rice, and there is frost before the first frost, and the cultivator eats a handful of sugar; Beginning of winter: beginning of winter closed the land first, Xiaoxue River closed, beginning of winter had no rain and sunny winter, beginning of winter had cloudy winter, beginning of winter planted wheat seeds, and beginning of winter wanted three inches of wheat; Xiaoxue: The rice comes on stage, but the food is busy at night. It is full of light snow, and there will be a bumper harvest in the coming year. Heavy snow: the earth is closed by heavy snow, the rivers are closed by heavy snow, and the snow does not wake up. Winter solstice: clean winter, sloppy year, sloppy winter solstice, clean year; Slight cold: after the slight cold in the twelfth month, there is a great cold. Fertilization is safe, so it is better to pour it in wax. Great cold: it's freezing, don't harvest three stones.