Summer solar terms climate and agriculture

"On a hot day, cicadas call. Grasping both, heatstroke prevention is the most important. " The summer heat is the hottest period in a year, with the hi

Summer solar terms climate and agriculture

"On a hot day, cicadas call. Grasping both, heatstroke prevention is the most important. " The summer heat is the hottest period in a year, with the highest temperature and the fastest growth of crops. In most areas, droughts, floods and windstorms are the most frequent, and tasks such as grabbing crops, fighting drought and drainage, and field management are the most important. Let's take a look at summer farming!

What are the agricultural activities in solar terms? !

In hot summer, water evaporates quickly. Especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is in the summer drought period, and the demand for water for the vigorous growth of crops is more urgent. It's really "a little summer rain is like silver, and a big summer rain is like gold." The leaf area of cotton during flowering and bolling reaches the maximum in its life, which is the peak of water demand. It is best to require that the soil moisture in the field accounts for 70% ~ 80% of the field capacity. If it is lower than 60%, it will lead to flowering and bolling, so it must be irrigated immediately.

It should be noted that it is not advisable to irrigate when the temperature is high at noon, so as to avoid excessive changes in soil temperature and aggravate the shedding of buds and bolls. Soybean flowering and pod setting is also a critical period of water demand, which is very sensitive to water shortage.

An agricultural proverb says, "When soybeans bloom, river shrimps touch the ditch." If there is drought, you should water it in time. At this time, the summer maize in Huanghuai Plain has been jointing and heading, which is the most critical period for yield formation, so it is necessary to guard against the harm of "neck drought".

Summer solar terms are the period with the most sunshine and the highest temperature in South China, the period with the richest precipitation, the most common thunderstorms and the most concentrated days with high temperature above 30℃ in the west of South China, and the period with the most frequent high temperature above 35℃ in the east of South China. The high temperature around summer is a sign of normal climate, because in Da Chun, higher temperature is beneficial to the flowering and filling of crops. However, if the temperature is too high, it will inhibit the growth of crops and the seed setting rate of rice will decrease obviously.

Light, heat and water are at the peak of a year after rainfall in western South China, which promote each other and form good climatic conditions for crop growth in Da Chun, but attention should be paid to flood control and drainage.

In eastern South China, high temperature and long sunshine are often accompanied by little rain, which will not only limit the exertion of light and heat advantages, but also aggravate the adverse effects of drought on crops in spring, summer and summer. In order to resist summer drought, we should not only pay attention to water storage in the early stage, but also improve crop cultivation measures according to the climatic characteristics of eastern South China, so as to achieve advantages and avoid disadvantages.

For the areas where double-cropping rice is planted in China, the most intense and arduous "double grab" campaign in a year has begun.

As the saying goes: "Early rice grabs the day, late rice grabs the time", "If you don't mow the grass in summer, you will lack a reed a day". Timely harvesting of early rice can not only reduce the harm caused by wind and rain in the later period, but also ensure high yield and harvest, so that double-cropping late rice can be planted in time and strive for sufficient growth period. According to the change of weather, arrange flexibly, cut more on sunny days and variety on cloudy days. We should finish planting for two nights before the end of July, and start in autumn at the latest.

Theory of solar terms: summer solar terms and agricultural solar terms

Today's heat

The summer heat is one of the 24 solar terms, and it is also the second half of the official calendar. The arrival time is between July 22nd and 24th in Gregorian calendar, when the sun reaches 120. At this time, it is the hottest period of the year, with the highest temperature and the fastest growth of crops, and droughts, floods and windstorms are the most frequent in most areas. It is very important to grab crops and seeds, prevent drought and drainage, and manage fields. There are folk customs such as drinking tea, drying ginger and burning incense. 2016165438+1October 30th, China's "Twenty-four solar terms" was officially listed in the United Nations Heritage List.

Climatic characteristics

Summer solar terms are in the "three volts", which is the period with the most sunshine and the highest temperature in China. Most parts of the country are dry and rainy, and the temperature in many areas is above 35 degrees. Therefore, summer heat is the hottest solar term. Like summer heat, summer heat is also a season that reflects the degree of summer heat. Because the days are long and the nights are short in summer, the heat gained during the day is more than the heat radiated at night, and the income and expenditure are unbalanced, so the temperature accumulation near the surface will become larger and larger, reaching the maximum in the hot summer. It is precisely because of the solar altitude angle and heat budget that the summer solar term temperature is the highest.

The summer heat is also the season with the most thunderstorms. There is a proverb that says, "Without a drop of lightning in the east, the west can't walk", which means that if there is lightning in the east in summer afternoon, it won't rain here. If lightning is in the west, it will come soon, and it is too late to hide. People often refer to the thunderstorm in summer afternoon as "northwest rain" and describe it as "northwest rain, falling on the driveway", "summer rain over the ridge" and "summer rain over the cow's back", which vividly shows that thunderstorms often rain here and sunny there.

Summer agriculture

There is a folk proverb: "The heat is unbearable, until it stops." Grasping both, heatstroke prevention is the most important. "The hot summer is the hottest period of the year, with the highest temperature and the fastest growth of crops. Most areas have the most frequent droughts, floods and windstorms, and tasks such as grabbing seeds, drought and drainage, and field management are the most important.

Corn:

In summer, sometimes the weather continues to be hot and dry, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth and development of corn. Therefore, the focus of corn field management is drought resistance, disease treatment and insect prevention.

1. Spring sowing corn. At present, it has entered the flowering and filling stage. At this time, drought and water shortage are easy to form empty stalks, baldness and lack of grains, which leads to reduced production. It is necessary to strengthen field pipeline irrigation to meet the needs of corn growth and development.

2. Water and fertilizer management should be strengthened for late sowing corn, and ear fertilizer should be re-applied for corn that has entered the trumpet stage. The corn sown after the end of June depends on the weather. Spring seedlings should be topdressing, strong seedlings should be applied less, and weak seedlings should be applied again to promote balanced growth, and the size, height and thickness of seedlings should be as consistent as possible.