The first volume of the ninth grade "Autumn Poetry", poetry appreciation.

Appreciation of Bai Juyi's "1 Cut Wheat"

"Looking at Mai Niang" was written by Yuan He when he was a county magistrate in the second year (807), and it was a famous satirical poem of the author in his early days.

This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. Why are you picking wheat? Because her field has "lost all taxes"-it has been sold out to pay official tax. Now there is no field to plant and no wheat to harvest, so we have to rely on wheat to satisfy our hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. At the end, the poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people.

The use of contrast in narrative is an important artistic feature of this poem. In this poem, the poet not only compares the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury and tyranny of the landlord class, but also compares his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It is very rare for the poet to take the initiative to compare with the peasants at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, valuable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem and its practical significance to today's society.

2 "Moonlight" Liu

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Liu, a native of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, lives in seclusion in Taigu, lofty and refined. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty called him "indifferent in nature and good at painting mountains and rivers", "poetic and thoughtful; Tao writes about spirit, but he is silent and elegant. Therefore, I can be detached from the world and detached from things. " The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty recorded 26 of his poems.

In Tang poetry, there are many themes about spring and moon. Or enjoy the spring, or look at the bright moon, with feelings. This poem is about spring, not only from things like willow green and pink, but also from the night to cover up things that seem to have the most spring characteristics. It writes about the moon without detailing its light and shadow or lamenting its roundness. Instead, there is only half a moonlight at night, so that the night is not too thick and the moonlight is not too bright, resulting in a vague and harmonious melody.

This poem begins with the word "deeper", which sets the tone for the description of the scenery behind it and gives the whole poem a special atmosphere. "Moonlight is half home" is the embodiment of the word "deeper", and the next sentence "Beidou dry south oblique" is the symbol of "deeper" night sky. Together, the two sentences create the silence of the spring night and the profound artistic conception. The moonlight shines half-way, because the moon is slanting west, and the poem takes the stars as the background, which constitutes the internal connection between the two sentences.

On a quiet spring night, everything is moving quietly. "It's warm in spring tonight, and the sound of insects is fresh through the green screen window", which is a good sentence that the poet got from the opportunity of observing nature wholeheartedly. Knowing the cold and warm weather from ignorance of insects shows that poetry has a deep foundation in rural life. Therefore. These two sentences are not what ordinary people can do. Those who have no long experience in rural life. Of course, I can't say; Even living in the countryside, not everyone can say it. No matter whether it's the first time tonight or the first time, who will pay attention to it needs a willing heart. You should also have a poetic heart. A word "new" is full of deep affection for rural life, which means freshness and joy.

The poem says that "spring warmth" begins with "tonight", which shows that it is very sensitive to the changes of seasonal climate, and the word "little knowledge" is full of complacency. Write that you hear insects through the window and use "head". Give people a feeling of vitality. The green of the window screen is invisible at night. This kind of green comes from the poet's inner spring. At this point, we can understand that the poet did not describe the distinctive external landscape as a symbol of spring. But with the help of the night atmosphere to set off the artistic conception of this poem, because this poem comes from the poet's heart. The poet observes the subtle changes of nature with a pure heart. The scenery described in the first two sentences of the poem does not have a trace of spring scenery, but it coincides with spring, which is quite meaningful. The third sentence is "Spring blossoms". The "insect sound" and "green screen window" of the sentence reflect each other. So the spring is full. But this sound and color still come from "meaning" (feeling). The poet not only knows that spring is warm from the sound of insects, this is the poet's subtle feeling about tonight, and the sound of insects is just a phenology that coincides with his feelings. Therefore, the significance of poetry is profound. The novelty of ideas depends on the uniqueness of feelings.

Pastoral poetry in the Tang Dynasty became an important school, and many famous poets appeared. However. Few people can be like Shi Tao. It is really interesting that this poem is so profound on pottery. It's even more embarrassing.

As for whether there is something hidden in this poem, it is difficult because it is not literal.

3 "Broken Array" Yan Shu

Enjoy 1:

In Zhu Yu's Ci, this is a fresh and lively work with a simple local flavor. Shang que writes about natural scenery. Images such as "Swallow", "Pear Flower", "Taibi", "Huang Peng" and "Bird" are beautiful, showing the charming people in spring. Write characters. "Clever smile" smells its voice and sees its capacity; "ingratiating" pays more attention to its color and shape. Through the psychological activities of the observer, the two sentences of "Doubt and Strange" reproduce the life details of the "female companion" with a virtual pen, pointing out the innocence and loveliness of the village girl, and forming a very harmonious picture beauty and emotional beauty with the vibrant spring in the uptown. A close-up of "laughter comes from two faces" ends the whole article.

Appreciation 2:

This word reflects the youthful vitality of a young girl through a life segment in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is full of joyful atmosphere. The whole poem is pure line drawing, with lively style, simple style and vivid image, which shows the new soul of the girl.

Twenty-four solar terms, spring equinox and Qingming, is the most unforgettable season in spring. Spring is already in the middle, and new swallows are coming. At this time, social day will also come. The ancients called swallows gregarious swallows, thinking that they often came from Chunshe to Qiushe. The poet's "new society" refers to the society in spring. At that time, there were two social days in spring and autumn every year, especially spring clubs, neighborhood gatherings, food and wine sharing, and games were full of joy. The girls in the boudoir have also "let go" of "fake". As the saying goes, "Please stop sewing in society", even sewing can be put down and sisters can be called to play outside. This is the spirit of the first sentence of this poem.

According to the national "Flower Calendar" records, Hua Xinfeng 24, from Xiaohan to Grain Rain, spends a letter every five days, with three letters and three incense in each section; According to the three letters of the vernal equinox, they are begonia, pear and magnolia. Pear blossoms are backward, and Qingming is in sight. The poet writes about the scenery of the age and is meticulous. In this season, the breath is fragrant and moist, the moss in Chi Pan is fresh and green, and the forest is buzzing. Spring has passed, it's getting late, and the expression is even more obvious. Where should Qingming Huaxin go? That's tung flower, wheat flower and willow flower. So the poet went on to write, "The days are long and the catkins are light." There is a poem in ancient times: "Begonia all fall, birds all fly, and the weather is getting longer and longer." We can watch it together. Literary critics must say here: write about scenery; Things! I don't know the timing, but it touches people's hearts.

On this auspicious occasion, two young girls appeared in the poet's pen: on the way to picking mulberry, they met by chance; As soon as they met, the daughter in the west asked the daughter in the east, "Why are you so happy today? What good dreams did you have at night? Let's hear it! " The east neighbor smiled and said, "Don't talk nonsense! They just mowed grass with them and won the lottery! "

It's hard to find a better sentence to write a girl's smile, instead of the word "laughter comes from both sides". What is two sides? Cover your face from your eyes, not the "mouth" referred to by later generations. Therefore, the beauty of ci lies in the scenery, its pen is bright and elegant, and there is no miracle to be found; From the last sentence to the last sentence, the whole article is collected, and the great gods have tried their best. Weather, personnel and material mentality all belong to this.

4 "Huanxisha" Su Shi

This is a small word that touches the scene and contains the philosophy of life, which embodies the author's love for life and optimistic attitude towards life.

The first movie is about the elegant scenery you saw when you visited Qingquan Temple in late spring. The stream at the foot of the mountain is gurgling, and the bluegrass beside the stream is sprouting, spreading and infiltrating in the stream. The sandy road between pine and cypress is washed by spring rain and clean without mud. It is dusk, and the cuckoo in the pine forest is singing in the drizzle. What a beautiful and peaceful mountain view it is! The first seven words not only point out the season when traveling in Qingquan Temple, but also point out the origin of Lanxi's name. The word "immersion" and the word "gradual" in "Gaolan Wai Dao, Road Gradually Walking" (Chu Ci Evocation) have the meaning of "gradual". At this time, bluegrass began to sprout. Its buds are still "short", but they are full of vitality and grow rapidly. It has spread from the shore to the stream. Cuckoo whines, which is easy to cause travel troubles. However, the author is walking by the stream at the moment, seeing nothing but business, forgetting the noise of the world and the filth of officialdom, and feeling happy. At the same time, the disease began to heal and the doctor accompanied him to enjoy it, so the cuckoo's cry failed to disturb the author's qingxing at this time. In a word, the first film only writes real scenes, and what it evokes should be the love of nature and the aftertaste of life, which leads to the philosophical thinking of life in the next film.

The following film expresses emotion and comments on the scene of "a stream flowing west". "A hundred rivers go east to the sea, and when will they return to the west" (Korean "Long Songs"). "Flowers have a reopening day, and there are no fewer people." Rivers do not return to the east, just as a person's youth is only once. This is an irresistible natural law, and countless people in ancient and modern times lament it. At this moment, facing the Lanxi water flowing westward, the author has a wonderful reverie: since the stream can flow westward, why can't people regain their youth? "Having fewer children" is not the "rejuvenation" that Taoism wants, but to maintain a young and optimistic attitude. Because people cannot change the world; What people can change is only their attitude and view of the world. Bai Juyi's poem "Drunk Songs" has "Who told you not to understand? Listen to the yellow chicken and the sky The yellow chicken is ugly when it urges the dawn, and it urges the year before by day. The red ribbon at the waist is unstable, and Zhu Yan has been lost in the mirror. " These sentences are old-fashioned exclamations. The author's last sentence uses its meaning in reverse, thinking that even in his twilight years, he should not have the decadent mentality of "yellow chickens rush to dawn" and "Zhu Yan has lost", which reflects the author's broad-minded and upward mental state during his relegation.

The characteristics of the whole word are to express the feelings of the scene, and to write the scene with pure line drawing, which is meticulous and elegant; High spirits, inspiring and full of philosophy. Previously, in Yu Xining for six years (1073), the author once wrote a poem: "The riverside has a long history and is as long as the surging waves." Creation also knows that people are easy to get old, so they teach the river to flow west "(the third of" Five Wonders of Watching Tides on August 15th "). It is the feeling that the river is born when it comes back from Qiantang chamber, which is similar to the main idea of this word. However, at that time, the author was invited from outside, with the title of Dr. Taichang directly under the History Museum, to be a judge in the beautiful and rich Hangzhou. He was sent by Beijing officials to be a local official, and his sense of official frustration was not strong. At this time, he was placed in a remote Huangzhou, as an official awaiting punishment, and his lonely mood could not be easily shaken off. Therefore, the next film of this word shows the call for youthful vitality and the rejection of the idea of being old and doing nothing, which is particularly valuable. It can be said that this optimistic spirit in the adversity of "life is overwhelming" is one of the important reasons why Su Shi is highly praised by later generations.

5 "Drunken Flowers" Li Qingzhao

The fog is thick and the clouds are light, and it will always be sad. The brain sells golden beasts. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao doesn't forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers.

This word was written by Li Qingzhao in his early years. Shortly after Li's marriage, her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, "traveled far away" and was lonely in the boudoir. She deeply misses her husband who has traveled far away. On the ninth day of September this year, on holidays, people are homesick for their loved ones, so they wrote this poem for Zhao Mingcheng.

With the help of the description of indoor and outdoor autumn scenery, these two sentences show the poet's loneliness during the day. "Forever day" refers to a long day, and the word "forever" expresses the boredom and sadness in the poet's heart. "Ruinao", the name of spice, is also called borneol. "Golden Beast", bronze animal-shaped incense burner. From the thin fog in the morning to the thick clouds at night, this long day and gloomy weather are really depressing. In the bronze incense burner carved with animal shapes, borneol has gradually burned out, but why is the sadness in my heart always endless? It can be seen that although these two sentences are scenery, they are full of emotion, which constitutes a bleak atmosphere and effectively sets off the boredom of women's thinking.

"There is a double ninth festival, a jade pillow, a gauze kitchen, and it is cool at night." These three sentences describe the poet's sad mood of sleeping alone in the middle of the night on the Double Ninth Festival. "Jade pillow", porcelain pillow. The "yarn kitchen", that is, the green yarn kitchen, is covered with a wooden frame outside, and a couch can be placed inside to avoid mosquitoes. As the saying goes, "I miss my relatives more during the festive season", and now "the festive season is also the Double Ninth Festival". How can a poet not miss his distant husband more? A word "you" is full of loneliness, resentment and sadness. What's more, the jade pillow and the gauze chef used to be with their husbands, but now they sleep alone. It is naturally heartbreaking to feel moved by this scene. Obviously, the "cool" here is not only the cool of the skin, but also the desolation of the soul.

"After the evening, the wine in Dongli is filled with faint fragrance." These two sentences describe the scene of the poet drinking alone in front of the chrysanthemum garden in Dongli on the night of the Double Ninth Festival, which sets off the poet's silent and lonely thoughts of parting. "Dongli" is synonymous with chrysanthemum garden, which expresses the Tao poem "Pick chrysanthemums under Dongli, and see Nanshan leisurely." "Dark fragrance", the fragrance of chrysanthemum. "Full sleeves", because the sleeves are waved when drinking, so the aroma is full of sleeves. On the Double Ninth Festival, it is very interesting to enjoy chrysanthemums with wine. However, when her husband traveled far away, the poet felt lonely and desolate. Don't hate leaving him. Even if he "drinks to drown his sorrows", he is "more worried". How can I appreciate this "fragrant" chrysanthemum?

"Mo Tao is not charming, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." These three sentences are straightforward, writing the haggard face and sad expression of the lyric hero. "ecstasy" is a metaphor for acacia. "Curtain rolling west wind" means "west wind rolling curtain door", which implies coldness. These three sentences are the artistic ingenuity of the author. First, I was ecstatic and sad, then the west wind was miserable, and finally I wrote the word "thin". Here, the poet skillfully compares the thinking woman with the chrysanthemum, showing two overlapping shots: on the one hand, the bleak autumn wind shakes the weak and thin chrysanthemum, on the other hand, the thinking woman's gaunt face is covered with melancholy clouds, and the scene blends, creating a miserable realm.

The whole word begins with "sadness" and ends with "thinness". "Worry" is the cause of "thinness" and "thinness" is the result of "worry". The sadness that runs through the whole word is the most concentrated and vivid embodiment because of "thinness". It can be said that the whole article is the finishing touch and every sentence is the finishing touch. The "dragon" is cleverly painted and the "eyes" are skillfully combined, creating a situation of "deep affection and deep sorrow".

6 "Nanxiangzi Deng Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Huai" Xin Qiji

[Appreciation] What does this word mean? It was to satirize the court at that time, so he was not so straightforward. He satirized the incompetence of the court in the Southern Song Dynasty. Not only can China not be recovered, but even Jiangnan will soon be lost. Xin Qiji was born in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the country can only be partial to the south of the Yangtze River, so he used ancient metaphors to praise Sun Quan. When he said that Sun Quan was good, he meant that the imperial court was bad and unable to resist the enemy. So Xin Qiji's words are all satire. Euphemistically hinted at dissatisfaction with the court.

"Where can I see China and the beautiful Gu Bei architecture?" These two sentences are inverted, that is, the former sentence can be moved to the back and the latter sentence can be moved to the front to become: "I look at the beautiful Gubei Building, where can I see China?" Why not say it? This is related to the tone of words, because this tone stipulates that the first sentence can only be five words and the second sentence can only be seven words, so it can only be said backwards.

"How many things have been ups and downs through the ages, leisurely", this is a question-and-answer sentence, ask first and then answer. These two sentences are similar to the following "Who is the hero in the world? Cao Liu "is the same.

"The Yangtze River never stops rolling in" is a good saying, which means that the ups and downs of the times will always change there, and only the Yangtze River will roll in and never change. In addition, this sentence comes from Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Mountain", which reads: "Leaves are like the foam of a waterfall, and I think the long river always rolls forward." Xin Qiji put a ready-made sentence here, which is very appropriate. "How many things have risen and fallen through the ages, leisurely." This is a question and answer sentence. "The Yangtze River is endless" is somebody else's word. This has nothing to do with the following "Who is the hero of the world". Cao Liu. "This is a question-and-answer sentence." Give birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou "is matched with other people's words, which is very correct.

"Who are the enemies of heroes in the world" also implies an allusion. According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao once said to Liu Bei, "The heroes in the world are only the monarch and the minister!" (Your Majesty refers to Liu Bei. Here, Xin Qiji used the original words and added Sun Quan to become three people.

Why not say "ten thousand soldiers are young" but "ten thousand soldiers"? This is replacing people with things, because the characteristics of soldiers, in addition to armor, helmet is also one of the characteristics, so take the helmet as a soldier. This article is very vivid.

"Give birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou" has a deep meaning, that is to say, today's court is not as good as Soochow at that time, and today's emperor (referring to Song Gaozong and Xiaozong) is not as good as Sun Quan. Why not just say it? Because if you say it, your life will be in danger. Knowing this, we will know Xin Qiji's real intention in writing this word. His dissatisfaction with the court at that time also reflected his patriotism. Many of his words were written in this mood.

Taihe's "Spectrum" said that Zhang's Sanqu was like a symmetrical tree. However, this poem reflects his different characteristics.

7 "goat Li shan nostalgia" Zhang

The famous Mount Li, which has experienced many vicissitudes, has many historical sites. The author climbed the mountain and looked around, feeling a lot. Where did he start writing? Only Epang Palace can best lead the thoughts of authors and readers. Unfortunately, it has been burned by Xiang Yu, and the luxury of that year no longer exists. In front of the author, there are only "sparse" "weeds" and "winding and lingering" "river water". This touched the author's sad mood and realized the ruthlessness and inevitability of historical changes. The "residual hatred" of regime change is like the misty forest in front of us. Where can we find the shadow of "Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu" in "nationality"? In the long river of history, the rise and fall of the Sui and Tang Dynasties here have also been ruthlessly diluted. How many emperors fought for the world and how did they "win"? How about "losing" and not "all turning into dirt"! As Zhang wrote in the homology of "Nostalgia for North Mangshan", "Even a gentleman should not be called; Even ministers should not be called. " They all did "Dust at the foot of Mount Beimang".

What a sad and gloomy sigh! Reading this little song, I was impressed by the author's broad historical vision and his broad mind. There are no difficult words, formidable obscure allusions and gorgeous sentences in the whole song. It is these simple and clumsy words that sang an immortal swan song! "If you win, you will become dirt; If you lose, you will become soil! " Understood as words, it has become a thought-provoking epigram.

It's really not vulgar words written by famous artists! Today's poets should learn from the ancients' pursuit of great ingenuity in simplicity and profound writing skills in simplicity. If we can do this, maybe we can create a new face when writing.