How do carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen ions regulate respiratory movement?

Carbon dioxide: within a certain range, the higher the blood carbon dioxide concentration, the deeper and faster the breathing. This is because high carbon dioxide concentration can stimulate chemoreceptors in the periphery and center, and excite the respiratory center, thus deepening and accelerating breathing.

But when the blood carbon dioxide rises to a certain extent, it will produce an effect called "carbon dioxide anesthesia". As a result, breathing becomes weak, and lung ventilation is no longer increased. The reason for this phenomenon is that high concentration of carbon dioxide inhibits the excitability of respiratory center.

One of the most important ways for oxygen to regulate respiration is through peripheral chemoreceptors, because low O2 can inhibit the respiratory center, and only its stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors can arouse the excitement of the respiratory center. Therefore, this is also the reason why patients with long-term hypoxia generally cannot inhale pure oxygen (to prevent respiratory failure caused by peripheral respiratory depression caused by high concentration of oxygen).

Hydrogen ion: arterial blood H+ increases, breathing deepens and lung ventilation increases; H+ decreased and respiration was inhibited. H+ regulates respiration through peripheral chemoreceptors and central chemoreceptors. The sensitivity of central chemoreceptor to H+ is higher than that of periphery, which is about 25 times that of periphery. However, H+ in blood is not easy to pass through the blood-brain barrier, which limits its effect on central chemical receptors.

Extended data:

The respiration of human beings and higher animals includes external respiration, transportation of gas in blood and internal respiration. Internal respiration refers to the gas exchange process between tissue cells and capillary blood, while external respiration refers to the gas exchange process between blood and external air, including lung ventilation and lung ventilation.

Respiratory exercise is a kind of exercise to improve respiratory function, promote blood circulation and reduce the burden on the heart. There are three commonly used breathing movements: general breathing movement, local breathing movement and special breathing movement. Generally speaking, there are simple exercises and breathing with limbs and trunk movements. Local breathing is a breathing exercise that focuses on one side or part of the lungs.

Generally speaking, carbon dioxide can be prepared by calcining limestone at high temperature or reacting limestone with dilute hydrochloric acid. Mainly used for cold storage of perishable food (solid), as refrigerant (liquid), making carbonated soft drinks (gas) and as solvent (supercritical) for homogeneous reaction. ? As for its toxicity, research shows that low concentration of carbon dioxide is not toxic, while high concentration of carbon dioxide will poison animals.

The aqueous solution of nonmetallic oxide is acidic, while the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide is alkaline. In addition, almost all organic compounds can be violently burned in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. In chemistry, the chemical reaction between substances and oxygen is defined as oxidation reaction, and redox reaction refers to the reaction of electron transfer or deviation. Oxygen has combustion-supporting and oxidizing properties.

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