What is leap July? Why are there two leap months this year?

Gregorian calendar, lunar calendar, yin and yang calendar, why leap in July this year?

At the beginning of the new year, when people look through the new calendar, they will find that the lunar July next year (Year of the Dog) is not followed by August, but "leap July". Why will there be "leap July" next year? To understand the truth, we should start with the calendar.

Calendar can be divided into solar calendar, lunar calendar and yin-yang calendar. The solar calendar takes the annual apparent movement period of the sun (i.e. tropic year, equal to 365.2422 days) as a year, which is divided into 12 months, and has nothing to do with the movement of the moon. According to the grim date, we can know the changes of the four seasons from winter to summer, but it can't show the complete and short period of the moon, which is inconvenient for those who need to know the tidal changes according to the moon phases.

In the lunar calendar, the full moon (that is, the new moon, equal to 29.5306 days) is a month, and the product of 12 months is one year. The annual apparent motion law of the sun is completely ignored, so the date of the lunar calendar can't show the warmth and coldness of the four seasons. This calendar has no practical value, and now it has been abandoned except Islam.

The lunar calendar is the China lunar calendar, which emphasizes the length of the solar calendar and avoids the shortness of the lunar calendar. The month of the lunar calendar is the month and the year of the solar calendar is the year, that is, the moon is the month and the tropic year is the average length of a year. Therefore, the lunar calendar is a solar calendar with lunar elements and a lunar calendar with solar elements. According to the date of the lunar calendar, we can not only know the ebb and flow of tides, but also basically grasp the changes of seasons. The lunar calendar is an original creation of our country, which shines with the wisdom of our ancestors.

Because the tropic year is inseparable from the first month of the lunar calendar, for convenience, the lunar calendar stipulates that the first month is 30 days and the second month is 29 days, and a year is 12 months * * 354 or 355 days, which is about 1 1 day less than the tropic year of 365.422 days, and the total of four years is less than one month. Over time, there will be a strange phenomenon of time sequence and time disorder. For example, the Spring Festival in 2002 is on February 12 in the solar calendar, which is a cold winter season. The Spring Festival in 2003 is on February 1 day in the solar calendar, which is earlier than the previous year 1 1 day. If no measures are taken, it will be promoted year by year, adding up to 16, and the Spring Festival will be celebrated in midsummer. Farming activities are also irregular-sometimes wheat is planted in 10, and sometimes wheat is planted in September ... which is naturally inappropriate. In order to solve this problem, the method of adding "leap month" is adopted.

As early as 600 BC, our ancestors began to adopt the "7-leap method of 19", that is, in the lunar year of 19, it was stipulated that 12 normal years, each year 12 months; In the other seven years, 1 month will be added every year to become 13 months. This added month is called "leap month". Thus, the total number of days in 19 lunar year (12× 12 months +7× 13 months) ×29.5306 days =6939.69 10 days,10 days.

As for how to arrange the leap month, it is completely artificial. Before the Qin dynasty, the leap month was placed at the end of a year, called "March"; The leap month in the early Han Dynasty was placed after September, which was called "the last September". In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a leap month was inserted every month. The current lunar calendar stipulates that a month without "neutral qi" is a leap month.

What is "neutral gas"? As we all know, ancient astronomers called the 24 solar terms singular and even neutral according to the order of beginning of spring, rain and sting. There are 12 solar terms and 12 neutral qi in a year. It is stipulated that 12 months of the lunar calendar should be marked with 12 neutral qi, that is, each month should contain a specific neutral qi. For example, the first month must include rain, and February must include the vernal equinox ..., otherwise it cannot be called the first month and February. Any month without neutral gas is designated as leap month.

Why is there no neutral gas for a month? Because the 24 solar terms are determined according to the solar calendar, its date is basically fixed in the solar calendar. The average number of days between solar terms or neutral atmosphere is 365.2422 days12 months =30.4368 days, while the average number of days in a lunar month is 29.5306 days, a difference of about one day. Therefore, according to the solar calendar, the date of qi in the lunar calendar will be delayed by one day every month. Put it off until the end of the month, and there will be only solar terms next month, and there will be no gas.

As can be seen from the attached table, there are only solar terms and white dew in the month after July, and the summer heat in beginning of autumn has dropped to another month, so there will be another month without gas after July. Therefore, the lifeless month after July is named "leap July" after July, which is the reason for this year's "leap July".

It can be seen that leap month and leap month are completely artificial regulations, which have nothing to do with the world and good or bad luck.

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Why does the lunar calendar leap in July this year?

Why is there a leap month in the lunar calendar? Why does the lunar calendar leap in July this year? The leap month in the lunar calendar is to coordinate the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year and make the changes of months and seasons more consistent.

Astronomers have observed and calculated that it takes 365.2422 days in the tropic year (the earth revolves around the sun once), and the average time in the first month of the lunar calendar (the moon once) is 29.5306 days. 1February is 354.3672 days, which is less than the return period 10.88 days. If every 12 lunar month is designated as the lunar year, the weather will be inconsistent with the calendar and the time sequence will be disordered and reversed. For example, the Spring Festival in a certain year of the lunar calendar is a snowy winter, and a strange phenomenon will appear in the hot summer after more than a dozen spring and autumn lunar years.

In order to make the changes of months and seasons more consistent, our ancestors found the scientific method of "leap month" through astronomical observation and calculation. 19 tropic year plus 7 leap months, the difference is only: 6939.6910-6939.5438+08 = 0.0892 (days), which is already.

As for the lunar leap month? It depends on the 24 solar terms in a year. There are 24 solar terms in a year, which is just a traditional saying. Strictly speaking, there are twelve solar terms and twelve neutral terms in a year. Solar terms and neutral qi appear alternately, and the lunar calendar has a fixed neutral qi every month. For example, rain is neutral in January; The vernal equinox is in mid-February; Grain Rain is neutral in March. Because the average number of days between two solar terms or two neutral gases is 365.2422/ 12=30.4368, which is nearly one day different from the first month of the lunar calendar. Therefore, the date of the lunar month is delayed by nearly one day every month. In this way, it is inevitable that the gas in some months will drop in the last day or two of this month, so it is likely to be out of gas next month, but it will be at the beginning of next month. Because every month has its own fixed neutral atmosphere, then the month without neutral atmosphere is called the leap month of last month. For example, the vernal equinox (neutral in February) in 2004 is on February 30th, and there is only one solar term in Qingming next month, but there is no neutrality in Grain Rain in March, so 2004 is a leap February. This year's hot summer (mid-July) is on July 30, and there is only one Millennium solar term next month, and there is no mid-autumn equinox. Only after leap July is set, the fixed mid-autumn spirit can appear in August, so this year is leap July.

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Popular Science Question and Answer: Why does the Year of the Dog leap in July?

Xinlang technology

Q: Why does the Year of the Dog leap in July?

A: The year of the third lunar month (commonly known as the Year of the Dog) will have 13 months, which is 385 days. Repeated July is called leap July. Why leap July?

In order to keep the return year of the lunar calendar in sync with the Gregorian calendar, the ancients adopted the method of setting leap months.

There were 24 solar terms in the ancient calendar, which were divided into solar terms and neutral atmosphere. The lunar calendar is angry twice a month. The beginning of the month is called solar term, and after the middle of the month is called qi. "For example, beginning of spring is the first month's solar term, and rain is the first month's gas."

The average length of the two solar terms in Gregorian calendar is 30.5 days, while that in Lunar calendar is only 29.5 days, with a difference of 1 day. So the monthly weather will be 1-2 days later than last month. If this goes on, there will always be a month when there is only solar terms and no gas. This non-neutral month is defined as "leap month" by the calendar and is called "leap month". This year's leap month is after July, which is leap July.

Why is there no leap in the first month? This is because the earth's orbit around the sun is an ellipse, and the sun is at a focus of the ellipse. In a year, the distance between the earth and the sun is near and far. When the earth is far away from the sun, it moves slowly around June in Gregorian calendar, so the interval between the two gases is longer, exceeding 3 1 day at the longest. According to the average length of the previous 30.5 days, there is a great possibility that there is no gas in the middle of the month and there is a great possibility of a leap month. So there are many opportunities in April, May and June.

Around 65438+February in Gregorian calendar, the earth moves fast and the neutral gas interval is short. The shortest is only a little more than 29 days, which is shorter than one month in the lunar calendar. Therefore, it is unlikely that neutral gas will not appear in January, November and December. In contrast, there are fewer opportunities for leap months.