What agricultural activities can be carried out during Xiaoman period?

Summer is full of solar terms since childhood. At this time, the seeds of wheat are gradually full, the crops harvested in summer are close to maturity, and the crops sown in spring are growing vigorously, entering the busy period of summer harvest, summer sowing and Shimonoseki.

There is a folk saying in North China that "it is dangerous to eat enough wheat". In North China, winter wheat enters the mature stage when it is full, and at this time it is most afraid of hot air. If the daily average temperature is above 30℃ and the air relative humidity is below 30%, accompanied by a "dry hot wind" with a wind speed exceeding 3 meters per second, it will seriously affect wheat. Therefore, wheat field management should take targeted measures to strengthen the prevention of "dry and hot wind" disasters and reduce the harm of "dry and hot wind" to wheat.

Agricultural proverbs in southern China give Xiaoman a new meaning: "Xiaoman is not satisfied with the broken ridge"; "Little people are full of discontent, regardless of mangoes." The word "full" is used to describe the amount of rain, pointing out that if there is not enough water in the field when it is full, it may lead to ridges and cracks, and in severe cases, it is impossible to grow rice in the ear.

Because Xiaoman is a good season for rice planting. The severity of summer drought in South China is closely related to the rice planting area. And planting sooner or later is mainly related to the yield of rice.

The central and western parts of South China are often dry in winter and early spring, and the rainstorm comes late. In some years, heavy rain will not come until June, and sometimes it will even be postponed until July. Due to the lack of annual rainfall in Xiaoman solar terms, the average rainfall is only about 40 mm, which can not meet the water demand for planting seedlings, making the summer drought in central and southern China, which is short of water resources, more serious. As the saying goes, "storing water is like storing grain" and "preserving water is like storing grain". In order to resist drought, we should not only improve farming and cultivation measures and speed up afforestation, but also pay attention to water storage and moisture conservation in the first year. However, it is also necessary to prevent and control the possible impact of continuous rainy weather on the harvest and drying of spring crops. In the northwest plateau, most of them have entered the rainy season at this time, and crops are thriving and full of vitality.

The northern fruit trees entered the first fruit expansion period. During this period, if the temperature is high and the evapotranspiration is large, it is easy to cause fruit drop or hinder flower bud differentiation in early summer. Therefore, water should be replenished in time to prevent drought. The northwest plateau is the season to harvest cashmere. While picking cashmere, we should pay attention to the weather changes and guard against the influence of strong and low temperature weather on goats picked in advance.

When Xiaoman's farming activities begin, the wheat in all parts of the north will mature and the wheat in the Yellow River basin will be harvested soon. However, after the solar term expires, wheat enters the late stage of milk ripening, and the early weather of high temperature and dryness is the most taboo. If the daily average temperature is above 30℃ and the air relative humidity is below 30%, accompanied by dry-hot wind with a wind speed of more than 3 meters per second, it will have a serious impact on wheat. Therefore, "Mai is afraid of April."

After the long summer, the south has entered the summer busy farming season. There is a proverb, "a small man moves three cars, and he is too busy to know what to say", which is very clear. The "three cars" here

Refers to water trucks, oil trucks and silk trucks. At this time, the growth of early rice and the planting of mid-season rice in farmland need sufficient water, and farmers are busy turning water with treadmills; The harvested rapeseed is also waiting to be made into rapeseed oil; The farm work in the field cannot be delayed. At this time, the silkworm began to cocoon, and the silkworm raiser was busy rocking the silk cart. For example, Lu Gu's "Jia Qinglu" records: "Xiaoman first came here, and silkworm women cooked cocoons and treated silkworms, and they were open day and night."

At this time, the northwest plateau has reached the period of harvesting cashmere. Although the weather is warm in Xiaoman season, there will still be temperature changes in the northwest plateau. At the same time, we should guard against premature harvest and avoid the influence of strong and low temperature weather on goats.

At this time, agricultural activities are about to enter the busy farming season, and summer harvest crops are mature or close to maturity; Spring sowing crops grow vigorously; The autumn harvest crops will be sown soon. The spring sowing work in the northern region has basically ended, and all localities should do a good job in the field management of spring sowing crops. Areas with recent rainfall should seize the favorable opportunity after the rain, check the seedlings in time, replant them, and strive for a complete seedling, Miao Zhuang; At the same time, pay attention to prevent the harm of strong wind and strong cooling weather to spring-sown crop seedlings.

Busy farming activities have also formed the folk customs of agricultural production in various places.

The "Kotoo Man River" in South China reflects the climatic characteristics of heavy rainfall in this area.

Generally speaking, if the cold air in the north can penetrate into the south of China, and the warm and humid airflow in the south is also strong, it is easy to cause heavy rain or torrential rain in South China. Therefore, the late Xiaoman solar term is often the tense stage of flood control in these areas.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are "small and complete, with few Huangmei"; Small full without rain, awn seeds without water.

For the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, if there is less rain at this stage, it may be that the Pacific subtropical high is weak and located in the south, which means that the precipitation in Huangmei season may be less. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "there is no room for a small man, and there are fewer Huangmei"; "Small full without rain, awn seeds without water".

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, "a villain is dissatisfied and a wheat is saved."

There is another saying in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River: "Xiaoman is dissatisfied, and wheat is risky." This kind of risk means that wheat has just entered the stage of milk ripening at this time, and it is very vulnerable to dry and hot wind, which leads to insufficient filling of wheat, dry seeds and reduced production. There are many ways to prevent dry hot wind, such as building shelterbelts and spraying chemicals, which are all very effective measures.

Jiangnan area:

"Xiaoman moved three cars and was too busy to know him."

The three cars here refer to waterwheels, oil trucks and silk trucks. At this time, the crops in the farmland need a lot of water, so the farmers are busy turning water on the waterwheel; The harvested rapeseed is also waiting for farmers to plow in spring and squeeze the fragrant rapeseed oil.

The farm work in the field can't be delayed naturally, but the silkworm babies at home should also be taken care of carefully. Before and after Xiaoman, silkworms will start to cocoon, and sericulture families are busy reeling silk with silk carts.

"Jia Qinglu" records: "Xiaoman first came here, and the silkworm girl cooked cocoons and treated silk, operating day and night." It can be seen that in ancient times, the solar terms were full, new silk was about to be listed, and the silk market was about to turn prosperous. Silkworm farmers and silk merchants are full of expectations, waiting for the harvest day to come as soon as possible.

In addition, during the Xiaoman solar term, the Jiangnan area is often densely covered with rivers and lakes. If you are not satisfied, it must be a dry and rainy year. There are many proverbs in this regard. For example, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces have the saying that "there is no water to wash dishes"; In Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other regions, there is an agricultural proverb called "If you are full of dissatisfaction, you will break the ridge"; There is also a saying in Sichuan province that "the small one can't hold it, but the plow is high." The word "full" here does not mean that the crops are full of particles, but that there is more rain.