Tianjin's annual culture and folk customs

I have some here. I wonder if I can use them.

Tianjinwei has a saying: "After Laba, it is the year." After Laba, people are no longer busy with other things, and devote their energy and financial resources to the busy year activities with great enthusiasm. Every household should prepare food, clothing and use together.

In fact, people of all ages in Tianjin can not only have a good time, but also feast their eyes this year. All kinds of temple fairs, flower parties, drums, plays, games and juggling have enriched the Spring Festival-"entertainment" is the theme of Tianjin people's Spring Festival.

Tianhou Temple Fair rings the first gong of the New Year.

Once upon a time, Tianjin people believed in many gods, such as God of Wealth, Kitchen God, Bodhisattva and Jade Emperor. However, because Tianjin is located at the seaside, people emphasize navigation technology and pray for the blessing of the gods, so the most famous and respected folk is the "Tianhou Niangniang"-Mazu in the south. At the same time, Tianjin is also a shipping hub, with many foreign businessmen and frequent shipping activities, so the incense of "Tianhou Palace" is also very strong, and there are also many sacrificial flowers. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi visited Tianjin, inspected the Tianhou Palace and enjoyed the performance of the flower show very much. The emperor gave a flag at the flower show, and since then, the folk flower show in Tianhou Palace has become an "imperial party". French drums, lions, China banners, flower drums and other performances go through the streets, with the sound of gongs and drums and cheers coming and going. According to "Tianjin Imperial Examination Record", "stay up all night until midnight. When the candle went out and the fragrance disappeared, I realized that the East was white. " Later, besides the birthday of the 23rd anniversary of March, a grand temple fair was held from the 15th of the twelfth lunar month to the first day of the first month. Slowly, the temple fair in Tianhou Temple became the most important festival program in the Spring Festival.

Shang Jie, deputy director of the Tianjin Folk Museum, said: "Why is a large-scale mother temple fair held in the cold1February?" It has a lot to do with the traditional customs of Tianjin people. Tianjin people attach great importance to the Chinese New Year holiday, which is famous in big cities all over the country and even in the world. This is related to the historical geographical environment of Tianjin, the population structure of the five places and the fact that most people have been engaged in maritime and water transportation for a long time. Every New Year's Day, people are looking forward to peaceful reunion with their families, * * * enjoying family happiness, and * * * wishing good luck in the coming year. This kind of purchase price and psychological intensity are unmatched by ordinary people in other cities. It is in such a lively atmosphere that the twelfth lunar month temple fair in Tianhou Palace came into being. From the 15th day of the twelfth lunar month, various vendors of new year's goods gathered in Tianhou Palace, forming a huge new year's goods trading market. Grocery and children's toys in the front yard of the northern temple of Gongnangong attracted a large number of tourists, and this situation has not changed so far. "

She also told reporters that in the early years, there were many commercial shops converted from halls in Tianhou Palace, selling paper-cut window grilles, hanging money, gold goods, flowers, birds, fish and insects. , are very famous. When people go to buy new year's goods, they look at a dazzling array of new year's goods. "Shopping is also a pleasure!"

Enjoy drums and juggling, suitable for all ages.

In old Tianjin, businessmen who sang drums were called "Jianghu people". According to legend, the origin of this singing method has at least several thousand years of history, and there was an exhortation drum in the court of Yao and Shun times. Although it is the following exhortation, it also has an educational significance. In order to "correct the customs", the ancient King Zhouzhuang once "drummed to educate the people", so the descendants who sang drums respected King Zhouzhuang as their father. Drummers don't set up tents near the Chinese New Year market during the Spring Festival. They will put long benches on three sides and set up tables and drums on the flat side as the stage for actors to sing. This is the so-called "pull-out drama". The so-called drum songs are all expensive books, such as Hu Yanqing's beating people, The Seven Kingdoms Surrounding, Yang Jiajiang, Crossing the Sea to the East, Xue Gang's anti-Tang Dynasty and so on.

This year, several big drums are singing different songs, and people can feast their eyes on them at the same time. Because whenever drums are sung in the New Year, there is bound to be "juggling", which is more colorful in form and content to attract audiences with different hobbies. Crosstalk, double reed, magic (magic) and acrobatics (such as shaking diabolo, playing jar, kicking felt, etc. ) performing together is called "ten kinds of juggling", that is, blowing, beating, pulling and beating.

The buzzing patterns of diabolo shake out the flavor of New Year.

Every child, even adults, will be in high spirits when it comes to diabolo, because diabolo uses cotton thread and two thin sticks to make a "buzzing" sound, which is accompanied by swaying from side to side and ups and downs, from simple vocalization to complex and beautiful tricks, and there are quite a few skills to shake diabolo. Because the two ends are big and the middle is thin, Tianjin people call it "wind gourd"

There will be a performance at the temple fair in old Tianjin for the Spring Festival. The performer tied a white thread with two short bamboo poles and wound it on a round shaft in the middle of diabolo. When two bamboo poles shake, the disc on the shaft head rotates, and there are small holes separated by bamboo pieces on the disc. When rotating, the wind enters the hole, thus making a "buzzing" sound. The faster you shake it, the faster the disc rotates and the louder it sounds. When shaking diabolo, it is often that several people get together to shake it, and who shakes diabolo loudly and has more tricks. The simplest mode is "holding high", that is, shaking diabolo loudly, throwing it into the air, then catching it with a bamboo pole and continuing to shake it. The mode of shaking diabolo is "monkey climbing pole", that is, let diabolo rotate upward along the bamboo pole in his hand. Complex tricks include "crossing the cross" and "Zhang Fei cheating the horse". During the Spring Festival, you can almost hear the sound of "buzzing" in temple fairs and new year's goods markets. Children nowadays have probably never seen such a simple toy. On a small rope tied with two sticks, a gadget made of bamboo danced up and down with the shaking of the rope, making a "buzzing" sound. Nowadays, people over 60 can still clearly remember that several buzzing diabolos flew into the sky from the crowd, then fell rapidly, and then were firmly grasped by the rope and shook again. Small diabolo, like a meteor, constantly passes through people's eyes, dazzling. One minute they fly from behind, the other they crawl under their legs, and the other they jump back and forth between their fingers. Their dances such as Meteor Chasing the Moon, Monkey Climbing the Pole and Ant Climbing the Tree are amazing.

Men, women and children go into battle to dance yangko.

There is also an indispensable entertainment activity next to stilts, which is a kind of song and dance art in folk social fire activities. Tianjin dialect is called "Diyang Song". Sun Fengying, a 67-year-old man, said, "I am a die-hard yangko fan. My hands and feet itch when I hear suona and drums. When you twist with the drums, even your toes are gnawing hard. This year's Spring Festival, I joined the Yangko Team in Ninghe, and gave a good twist to the Yangko in the Spring Festival. In fact, there are many doorways to dance yangko. Every move has a lot of attention, which brings a feeling of jubilation to everyone who watches yangko and brings a New Year atmosphere to everyone. " "In the old society, yangko was made by men. At that time, during the Spring Festival, men dressed up, shouting and laughing. The eldest girl and kannika nimtragol at home looked out through the crack of the door and laughed together. Women's yangko dance is only available now. "

Sun Fengying also told reporters that in Beijing and Tianjin, there are two differences in yangko: First, whether you step on stilts or not, the legs of people who step on stilts are only 1 foot; Second, there is a difference between twisting and just twisting and not singing. Among the above four forms, only those who don't walk on stilts, only dance yangko, don't play the role of story, only wear colorful silk clothes and dance yangko with the accompaniment of gongs and drums. As for the art forms such as "dry boat" and "donkey running", in Tianjin, they are often attached to the Yangko Festival, and some are attached to the stilt meeting as a buffer performance between major dramas or a supplementary project after short programs. After the enthusiasm, the humorous dance made the audience feel relaxed.

The sound of gongs and drums accompanied by suona resounded throughout the war drum.

According to Shang Jie, according to legend, the earliest drum group in Tianjin is "Dajue 'an Golden Drum Club". Drum is the main musical instrument of the French Drum Club, which is placed in the center, and the cymbals, cymbals, chrome and clangs are all behind the drum. There are about a dozen sets of qupai of French drums, such as Lao Xihe and Yaogu. Famous drum clubs include the silent drum in Longting, Huayin drum in mustard garden and Yongyin drum in Houjia. The Chinese Fan Festival is a performance of two art forms, namely, cross-drum and cross-drum. This is organized by the kitchen industry and is called "drum-crossing activity in front of the ancestral hall". The drum team is an eight-sided drum, tied around the neck with a yellow rope, and the drummer wears a yellow jacket. The clock has eight sides, and each attacker wears a yellow vest; In addition, there are 12 literary children, wearing double buns, wearing fresh clothes and holding flower baskets; And 12 military boys, with cymbals. When playing, the drum plays with different emphasis. The literati sang softly and suona accompanied them. On the other hand, Wu Tong plays tricks on the cymbals and the human body. His often auspicious words are "peace for the country and the people" and "peace for the world", which changes rapidly. At first, the China team consisted of three China flags, each of which was hung by a bamboo pole three feet long and five feet wide. At first, there were three China flags on the green satin, each of which was hung with a bamboo pole three feet long and five feet wide. It is made of green satin and red cloth. Two flags, two lanterns, three umbrella covers and a number of bronze bells are obliquely inserted at the top of the flag, and each frame has two long streamers (one or two less than the Beijing middle class). Each frame weighs 100 kilograms, in the guild or on the hand, on the arm or on the shoulder. During the performance, the performer raises his forehead or extends his arm to hold the tower. Performers make all kinds of thrilling moves, but the pole can't leave the body or land. Visitors to the temple fair will applaud the performers loudly, and after the performers are recognized, they will perform harder.

High jump splits, somersaults and stilts.

Every new year, there is another kind of entertainment that is essential, that is, "walking on stilts." Performers who walk on stilts have their feet tied to 1 ~ 3-foot-high "stilt legs" and perform while walking. When stilts prevailed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, some people had stilt legs as high as 5 feet. Stilts are divided into literary stilts and martial stilts: literary stilts are mainly composed of singing, simple dancing and waist twisting; Wuqiao performed such thrilling actions as handstand, somersault, pyramid, and high jump.

Tianjin stilts are mostly martial arts stilts, and their dancing movements such as handstand somersault, running forward and leaning down are fixed in pattern, beautiful in shape and prosperous in atmosphere. Since the Qing Dynasty, stilt clubs in the suburbs of Tianjin are the most common, and most of them advertise under the name of operas. During the performance, according to the items of the repertoire, the actors danced and danced with the accompaniment of gongs, drums, cymbals and cymbals. In the sonorous sound of gongs and drums, the flavor of the year is getting stronger and stronger, and the jubilant Spring Festival is getting more and more interesting!

"Mother's role model", also written as "Mother on Children", is a folk phenomenon in Beijing and Tianjin. The definition of Beijing Dialect Dictionary is "superstitious taboos and superstitious remarks in daily life." In Beijing Dialect Words, it is said that it has the same meaning as "the example of an old mother".

Examples, of course, should be imitated or based on conventions, styles and rules. Mom refers to the elderly, who used to be mostly housewives. In other words, the mother's example is the pressure of the old lady at home. Old words are added to highlight the triteness of "examples"

Are they all "superstitious taboos and superstitious remarks"? I don't think it will be complicated because the mother's example comes from the bottom people and inherits folk customs. There are at least three aspects: First, it appears in the form of superstition, including superstitious content; Second, it contains reasonable content in the form of superstition; Third, it contains reasonable content in a reasonable form. The latter two are called "folk beliefs" in folklore.

This shows that we need to treat our mother in a dialectical way.

First, don't shave your head for the first month.

This is an example of judging a mother. Is that so? No, some people associate it with the entry of Qing soldiers into the customs, which is just a novelist's statement. What if it is really a "truth judgment", that is, a person without an uncle shaved his head (cut his hair) in the first month? If you have a dead uncle, you can't manage none of them. Is this still a rational judgment? However, it is in the form of superstition to guide reasonable behavior. In the first month, everyone celebrates the Spring Festival, which urges people to do personal hygiene before the Spring Festival. If you don't do this kind of personal hygiene well, it will endanger your loved ones. How awesome! Besides, in the old society, barbers (barbers) were mostly from Baodi County. At the end of the old year, they worked day and night. When they work overtime on New Year's Eve until the first day of the first month, they immediately go home for the New Year. Where can I find a master if I want a haircut?

Two, window to window, you will die if you don't go to court.

When building a new house or renovating a house in the yard, the most taboo thing is to point the door or window at the neighbor's door or window, so there is an example of mother's "door to door, the net is dead".

This kind of words seems to be a folk taboo and an absurd superstitious taboo, but it is not so simple to draw a conclusion. Because this is a superstitious form of building code.

Doors and windows are inconvenient to live in. Everyone has privacy, at least there are daily lives that they don't want others to see, and there are behaviors that they don't want to make public. It's hot in summer, so it's inevitable to show your upper body or take a bath in your personal room. Can you always close the doors and windows? Obviously not. There are also, for example, two homes in a certain place. When A walks out of the house, he always goes ahead and then turns right. However, the tenant B across the hall moved out and moved into a new residence C. A few days later, the man of the third household stood in front of the door and cursed at the street, saying, "What is a dog's house?" "It's not something" or something. Resident A found that resident C was also determined to "scold the sea street" and said, "Don't pee, don't take pictures. No one wants your woman lying underground. " "Hai Jie" scolded several times, A and C got angry, got into a fight and went back to the police station. If we had followed our mother's example and staggered the doors and windows when building a house, this kind of dispute would not have happened. It can be seen that this seemingly superstitious mother example tells some life truths.

In the past, there were many cases of Lantern Festival in Tianjin.

Pray for my nephew.-Uncle sent a lamp.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, don't forget one thing when you are an uncle. You must send a lamp to your nephew. In the past, there was a custom in Tianjin that uncles gave lanterns to nephews.

"Pay attention to sending a' duck'-shaped lamp, and take its homophonic meaning of' token' to pray for my nephew. I also wish my nephew a long life. " Today, this custom has not faded, and the types of lamps are becoming more and more diverse. Goldfish lanterns and tribulus lanterns are meant to be rich and auspicious.

Enjoy the light and walk together-away from all diseases.

On the 16th day of the first month, there is another custom in Tianjin. This day is the day when all diseases disappear. Women who never leave their in-laws after a year's hard work go out, or go back to their parents' home for reunion, or go to the temple to worship, or go for a walk in the bustling downtown to relax. However, you must return on the same day, and you can't stay overnight.

Women not only go back to their parents' homes, but also travel together, enjoying lanterns and wandering around, while "walking" to drive away all diseases. People think that when "going through all kinds of diseases", we must cross the Three Rivers and Three Bridges, and we must also "hit a nail" in order to seek good luck and get rid of diseases. To touch a nail is to touch a nail on a bridge or a doornail on a temple gate with your hand. Because "nail" and "ding" are homophonic, and "ding" symbolizes men, women, especially those who are not pregnant, must "touch nails" sincerely in order to have children, prosper their family business and carry on the family line. Fortunately, there are many rivers, bridges and temples in Tianjin. Otherwise, a woman's feet can't stand walking all day.

Take home the treasure-steamed mice

On the fourteenth day of the first month, families are usually very busy, steaming "hedgehogs and mice" with flour. Hedgehog cut out fine triangular tips and used sorghum rice as eyes. The mouse cut off four legs and a long tail and used black beans as eyes. On the backs of hedgehogs and mice, and on the wooden milling heads, there are two kinds of gold ingots made of flour, which are placed in pairs, respectively in the corners of windowsills, doorpiers and kitchen stoves, with their heads facing outwards. The next afternoon, the hedgehog and mouse heads everywhere were turned from the outside to the house to show that they had come home with treasure. As for the hedgehog and mouse, the ancestral memorial tablet and the kitchen god, they don't turn.

After dark on the fifteenth night, the offerings and all kinds of hedgehogs and mice were moved away, and the male and female parents at home presided over the burning of incense for the cooked Yuanxiao. The whole family bowed down, lighting candles, burning incense, burning yellow money and setting off firecrackers. When all the incense is removed, Yuanxiao will be boiled and shared by the whole family, which is called "eating for the tip". After eating the tip, we will officially eat. Those who usually live separately or go out to work should get together and eat at their parents' residence. Because the fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon, which symbolizes family harmony and happiness.

Eat a full circle and eat Yuanxiao.

After the Lantern Festival, eating Yuanxiao will not be mentioned. There are glutinous rice flour (called "Jiangmi" in Tianjin) and sorghum flour (called "Xiaomi rice flour" in Tianjin). The pastry shop sells glutinous rice flour. There are many kinds of dumplings, so it is called "assorted jiaozi". It is made by shaking with a dustpan, and it is soft and delicious after cooking. Generally, home-made sorghum noodles are made by hand with sugar stuffing, which is slightly hard after cooking.

There is a folk custom of eating Yuanxiao on the Lantern Festival in China. According to folklore, Yuanxiao originated from King Zhao of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. On the fifteenth day of the first month, King Chu Zhao crossed the Yangtze River and saw floating objects on the river, which were sweets with white outside and red inside. King Zhao of Chu asked Confucius, and Confucius said, "This duckweed fruit is also a sign of the Lord's revival." Yuanxiao is a kind of holiday food, just like rice cakes in the Spring Festival and zongzi in the Dragon Boat Festival. Eating Yuanxiao, like a full moon, symbolizes family reunion and entrusts people with good wishes for their future life.

Yuanxiao is called "Tangyuan", "Zi Yuan", "Floating Zi Yuan" and "Shui Yuan" in the south. It is made of glutinous rice, solid or stuffed. The fillings are red bean paste, sugar, hawthorn and so on. Can be boiled, fried, steamed and fried. Look at the varieties and eating methods of Yuanxiao again. Yuanxiao before the Northern Song Dynasty was solid and stuffing-free. It was put in boiling water with sugar, candied dates, sweet-scented osmanthus and longan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there began to be a "lactose jiaozi" with sugar in the middle, probably an earlier jiaozi with stuffing. Since then, the stuffing of Yuanxiao has been divided into sweet and salty. Sweet stuffing is generally made of white sugar, brown sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus, nuts and sesame seeds. Salty stuffing is mostly meat stuffing, containing only meat or meat dishes. Yuanxiao is mostly boiled, but some are fried.

Nowadays, there are more ways to eat Yuanxiao. People combine Chinese and western in Yuanxiao. Even chocolate and ice cream can be used as fillings for Yuanxiao. Is there anything else you can't cook?