The Spring Festival is approaching, what kind of harm will fireworks and firecrackers bring?

Fireworks produce gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and are invisible "killers". When the smoke is filled, these gases do some harm to our respiratory system, nervous system and cardiovascular system, and also stimulate our eyes. Others will contribute to the occurrence or development of some diseases. According to the monitoring of the air automatic station of Fuyang Environmental Monitoring Station, when a large number of firecrackers were set off during the Spring Festival, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air of Fuyang City increased significantly, and the nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and inhalable particles in the air all exceeded the national standards. These pollutants exceed the standard, which means that the atmospheric environment has been polluted, and these increased pollutants are also harmful to health. In addition, noise pollution. The explosion of fireworks and firecrackers on New Year's Eve is like thunder. Noisy people often find it difficult to fall asleep on New Year's Eve. Over the years, this seems to have become a practice in China. According to the monitoring of firecrackers pollution in Wuhan, Shanghai, Beijing and other big cities 10 during the Spring Festival, it is found that the noise in the area where firecrackers are set off is as high as 135 dB, far exceeding people's hearing range and tolerance limit. According to the monitoring data of Beijing environmental protection monitoring department, the maximum noise on New Year's Eve can reach 102.5 to 125 decibels, which seriously exceeds the national noise standard of 45 decibels at night. After the implementation of the ban, the noise monitoring results of New Year's Eve in eight suburban counties showed that the noise pollution decreased significantly. It is understood that the noise that people can accept at night should not exceed 45 decibels, which is equivalent to the sound of frogs. Moreover, high-intensity noise is very harmful to patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Every decibel of noise increases, the incidence of hypertension increases accordingly. During the Spring Festival, the adverse effects of high-intensity, high-density and long-lasting noise on health can be imagined. It is reported that there are cases of severe hearing loss, explosive deafness and hearing impairment caused by setting off firecrackers almost every year in China. Fireworks and firecrackers will also produce solid waste pollution. According to the sanitation department of Fuyang City, after setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival, the amount of garbage will increase exponentially, which will increase the burden on sanitation workers during the festival. Paper scraps and smoke can be seen everywhere, which seriously affects environmental sanitation. Setting off fireworks will also pollute the water source. The "cannon fodder" garbage should be released. If fireworks and firecrackers are set off when it rains or snows, pollutants will be discharged into the surrounding water and pollute the surrounding rivers. Fireworks and firecrackers not only bring us joy, but also leave us a lot of toxic and harmful substances, which not only have safety hazards, but also have pollution hazards and health hazards. A series of chemical reactions occur during the combustion of fireworks and firecrackers, which release a large number of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitrogen oxides and various metal and nonmetal oxides, and produce a large number of smoke particles. Fireworks and firecrackers exploded on the eve of the Spring Festival in Dandong City, Liaoning Province 1990, which was equivalent to a major pollution accident. According to the monitoring by the scientific research personnel of the Environmental Protection Monitoring Station from 23: 40 on February 29th to the first day of the first month 10, the average value of total suspended particles in the whole city is 3.6 1mg/m3, which is 2.6 times higher than the national secondary standard of Atmospheric Environmental Quality (the daily average value of the secondary standard is 0.30mg/m3, and it is1.00 at any time). At the same time, the noise pollution caused is also quite serious. When the concentration of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide in the air exceeds the allowable value, it will stimulate the respiratory mucosa, damage the lung tissue, cause or induce bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, emphysema and other diseases, and can combine with hemoglobin in the human body, resulting in symptoms of hypoxia and poisoning. The nitrogen and oxygen compounds in the smoke produced by the combustion of fireworks and firecrackers mainly include nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen trioxide (N2O3). Among them, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are the main components, which are expressed as nitrogen oxides (nitrogen oxides). When nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons exist in the air, they will react with sunlight and ultraviolet rays to produce a photochemical smog, which is a toxic secondary pollutant, which will irritate people's eyes and nasal mucosa, thus causing pathological changes and headaches. People exposed to too high nitrogen oxides for a long time may die. Therefore, the indoor nitrogen oxide content should not exceed 5 mg/m3. NO2 is four times as toxic as NO, which will lead to lung injury and even pulmonary edema. Chronic poisoning can cause trachea and lung diseases. Inhalation of NO will lead to the formation of denatured hemoglobin and affect the central nervous system. The concentration of nitrogen oxides in animals is about 1.0 mg/m3, and that in patients is about 0.2 mg/m3. According to the national environmental quality standards, the average concentration in residential areas is below 0. 10 mg/m3, and the average annual concentration is below 0.05 mg/m3.