How to grow wormwood?

Born in wasteland, roadside, riverside and hillside in middle and low altitude areas, it is also found in forest grassland and grassland areas, and local areas are the dominant species of plant communities. Artemisia argyi is easy to reproduce and grow, has strong adaptability to climate and soil, is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, likes warm and humid climate, and grows better in moist and fertile soil. Artificial cultivation in hilly and low mountainous areas, the growth period is 24-30℃, when the temperature is higher than 30℃, the stems are easy to age and branch, and the pests and diseases are aggravated; When the temperature is below minus 3℃ in winter, the growth of ratoons is not good.

Propagation method of wormwood

sow seeds

Seed propagation should be sown in early spring, and direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be carried out in March-April. The line spacing of the live broadcast should be 40 to 50 cm. After sowing, the soil should not be too thick, 0.5 cm is appropriate or the seeds should be covered tightly. When the height of seedlings is 10 ~ 15cm, seedlings should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 20 ~ 30cm.

Factory division

Artemisia argyi has strong tillering ability. Generally, 1 plant can tiller into several to dozens plants a year, which can be used as the material for ramet propagation. Therefore, the method of plant division propagation is mostly used in production, which is also the main propagation method of artificial cultivation. In March-April every year, when the seedling height from the rhizome is 15 ~ 20cm, when the soil is wet, it is better to dig the whole plant of mugwort after rain or watering, and plant it at the row spacing of 45cm×30cm. If there is no precipitation for 2 ~ 3 days after cultivation, it is necessary to drip water to preserve moisture.

Cultivation techniques of wormwood

Land selection

Ai Shi has a strong nature, likes sunshine, is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and has low requirements for soil conditions. The neutral soil with abundant sunshine, deep soil layer, good soil permeability and rich organic matter is the best, and the fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil and clay loam grow well. In order to save land resources, we should choose wasteland, roadside, river and hillside in hilly areas for reasonable layout, which can be planted on sloping land and flat land, as well as in front of houses and fields. However, as a medicinal material for both food and medicine, it is more important to ensure the quality and efficacy of raw materials besides obtaining higher yield. Therefore, the air around the planting plot should be clean and dust-free, and there is no domestic sewage and industrial water pollution nearby.

Carry out soil preparation

After the plot is selected, deep tillage should be carried out first, and the tillage depth should be greater than 30 cm. Deep tillage can not only loosen the soil, but also improve the soil temperature and water retention capacity; It can also make full use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated under cultivated soil; At the same time, it also plays a role in weeding, so that the grass seeds in that year are basically buried deep, and the weeds in the next year can be removed by about 50%. The key is to bury the non-Artemisia argyi herbicide that has not been decomposed in previous years in the ground to reduce its influence on the growth of Artemisia argyi. When deep ploughing, the soil moisture is too large, so it should be properly aired (sunned) to prevent the rake from breaking when it rotates, resulting in too large ridge opening and too many dead ridges, which will affect planting.

Fertilize soil or land

If farmyard manure is available, 30-45 tons/hectare of fully decomposed organic farmyard manure can be applied in combination with ploughing and harrowing; Or sprinkle a layer of decomposed rare human and animal feces as base fertilizer. If there is no farmyard manure, you can choose the granular organic fertilizer of Artemisia argyi, and evenly spread about 750 kg/ha after deep ploughing and before rotary harrowing. The contents of effective elements used as the organic fertilizer of mugwort are: organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than 20%, amino acid is more than 20%, organic matter is more than 20%, humic acid is more than 5%, sulfur is more than 10%, and no harmful substances such as heavy metals are contained.

Entire border

After raking the soil, the whole bed (compartment) is started. The width of the border (compartment) is about 5 meters (depending on the plot situation), which is convenient for manual weeding and mechanical operation. Every two beds (compartments) have a shallow ditch, about 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide, which is convenient for flood control and drainage. Each border (box) is high in the middle and low on both sides (turtle back shape), and the height difference is not more than 1.5 cm, which is convenient for irrigation. Drainage ditches should be opened around the plot, with a depth of about 50 cm and a width of more than 60 cm, which is convenient for irrigation in drought and drainage in flood. After soil preparation, spray 1 special herbicide for wormwood (decompose in water), seal and kill weeds, and sow after 10 ~ 15 days.

plant

Ordinary planting row spacing is 45cm× 30cm (75,000 plants/hectare); The row spacing of close planting is 45cm×15cm (150,000 plants/hectare); The reasonable row spacing is 45cm× 20cm (105,000 plants/hectare). Each point 1 plant. Planting depth is about 5-8 cm in yellow or black soil with high viscosity; The suitable planting depth of sandy land or granite land is 8 ~ 10cm.

Artemisia argyi can also be planted semi-mechanically. One person drives a tractor with a plow, one person plants seedlings, and one person sprays special organic fertilizer for wormwood (no need to spread fertilizer if there is base fertilizer). The first plow swings the seedlings, paying attention to the interval and depth of ditching and the interval and depth of swinging the seedlings; The second plough scatters organic fertilizer special for wormwood, and the ditching depth is 15 ~ 20cm, so that the excavated soil just covers the roots of wormwood seedlings in the first plough; The third plow is implemented according to the standard of the first plow, and the soil turned out by the third plow just covers the organic fertilizer of the second plow, and so on until the planting is completed. After the end, check whether there is any root exposure, and if there is, cover the soil in time.

operate

Topdressing: at the seedling stage of each crop, when the seedling height is about 30 cm, 60-90 kg/ha of special seedling-lifting fertilizer for Artemisia argyi is evenly spread along the rainy days, and it is dissolved in water in sunny days and then applied (the concentration is less than 0.5%) or sprayed on the leaves; In wet weather, topdressing can also be carried out together with intertillage and scarification. Sprinkle the special fertilizer of mugwort first, and then loosen the soil. The loosening depth is 10 cm. Chemical fertilizer is only suitable for 1 crop planted in 1 year, and chemical fertilizer should not be used in the later growth period (i.e. the second and third seasons), otherwise it will affect the accumulation of effective components and reduce the quality of mugwort.

Irrigation: Artemisia argyi has strong adaptability. Before planting, the border (box) has been made into a turtle's back shape, and there is a corresponding drainage ditch. Clear ditches and drain water in time in rainy days and after rain to prevent waterlogging. In dry season, when the seedling height is less than 80 cm, foliar sprinkler irrigation is carried out; If the height of the seedlings exceeds 80 cm, the whole garden will be flooded.