How to identify minor and serious injuries?

Serious injury refers to physical disability, disfigurement, hearing loss, vision loss, loss of other organ functions or other injuries that have great harm to personal health. To evaluate the damage degree, we must adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and analyze the damage situation in detail.

The degree of injury includes the original lesion at the time of injury, complications directly related to injury and sequelae caused by injury.

Identification, should be based on the injury and injury consequences or outcomes, comprehensive analysis, comprehensive evaluation.

The appraiser who appraises the degree of injury shall be a jurist or a person with the qualification of forensic medicine, or a person above the attending physician entrusted or hired by the judicial organ. At the time of identification, the appraiser has the right to know the situation related to the injury, consult the files and medical records, and inspect the site, and the relevant units have the responsibility to cooperate. The appraiser shall abide by the relevant laws and keep the case secret.

The appraisal of the degree of damage shall be completed before the judgment.

Chapter II Physical Disability

Article 6 Limb disability refers to the loss of limbs or the loss of function although limbs are intact due to various injury factors.

Seventh limb loss refers to one of the following circumstances:

(a) The thumb of any hand is missing more than the interphalangeal joint;

(2) Any three fingers with one hand missing except thumb exceed the proximal interphalangeal joint, or any four fingers with two hands missing except thumb exceed the proximal interphalangeal joint;

(3) Missing any two fingers and their connected metacarpals;

(four) fifty percent of the foot or fifty percent of the heel is missing;

(five) the first toe and any other two toes of a foot are missing, or one foot and four toes are missing except the first toe;

(six) the feet are missing more than five toes;

(7) The first toe of any foot and its connected metatarsal bone are missing;

(eight) one foot is missing any three toes except the first toe and its connected metatarsals;

Eighth limbs are in good condition, but they have lost their function, which means one of the following circumstances:

(1) ankylosing deformity of shoulder joint or loss of joint range of motion by 50% [1];

(2) The elbow joint is limited by the straight position, and the range of motion is less than 90 degrees or limited by the functional position, and the range of motion is less than 10 degrees;

(3) Humeral fracture complicated with pseudoarthrosis and malunion seriously affects the function of upper limbs;

(4) The forearm fracture malunion is stiff in the pronation or supination position;

(five) forearm fracture caused serious dysfunction of wrist, palm or finger;

(six) forearm soft tissue injury caused serious dysfunction of wrist, palm or finger;

(seven) wrist ankylosis, contracture deformity or joint motion loss of 50%;

(eight) metacarpal and phalangeal fractures affect the first-hand function, unable to hold fingers and objects [2];

(nine) thumb contracture deformity, unable to point and hold things;

(ten) one hand except the thumb, any other three fingers contracture deformity, can not be fingered;

(eleven) hip ankylosis, contracture deformity or joint mobility loss of 50%;

(twelve) knee joint stiffness, contracture and flexion of more than 30 degrees or joint mobility loss of 50%;

(13) The cruciate ligaments on both sides of the knee joint were damaged, resulting in unstable rotation and severe functional damage;

(14) Ankle ankylosis, contracture deformity or joint range of motion loss of 50%;

(fifteen) femoral shaft fracture complicated with pseudojoint, deformity healing shortened by more than 5 cm, angulation deformity nearly 30 degrees or severe rotation deformity;

(sixteen) femoral neck fracture nonunion, femoral head necrosis or abnormal healing seriously affect the function of lower limbs;

(seventeen) tibia and fibula fracture complicated with pseudoarthrosis, deformity healing shortened by more than 5 cm, angulation deformity over 30 degrees or severe rotation deformity;

(eighteen) open and closed fractures of long bones of limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula) with chronic osteomyelitis;

(nineteen) limb soft tissue scar contracture, affecting the motor function of the big joint, and losing 50% of the mobility;

(twenty) the injury of important nerves of limbs (brachial plexus and its important branches, lumbosacral plexus and its important branches) seriously affects the motor function of limbs;

(twenty-one) injury to important blood vessels of limbs, causing blood circulation disorder and seriously affecting limb function.

Chapter III Appearance Damage

Article 9 disfigurement means disfiguring the face of others, resulting in obvious deformation, ugliness or dysfunction.

Article 10 Eye injury refers to one of the following situations:

(1) Loss or atrophy of one eyeball;

(2) The drooping eyelids on both sides completely cover the pupils;

(3) Eyelid injury significantly affects the face;

(4) The nasolacrimal duct was completely broken and the medial canthus ligament was broken due to one eye injury, which affected the face;

(5) An orbital fracture collapsed obviously.

Eleventh auricle injury refers to one of the following situations:

(1) One auricle defect reaches 50% or the total area of bilateral auricle defects exceeds 60% in one ear;

(two) auricle injury caused obvious deformation.

Twelfth nose defects, collapse or distortion caused by obvious deformation.

Article 13 Oral and lip injuries significantly affect the five senses.

Article 14 Zygomatic bone injury caused the mouth opening (the distance between upper and lower incisors) to be less than1.5 cm; Malposition healing of zygomatic fracture leads to obvious facial deformation.

Fifteenth, mandibular and temporomandibular joint injury refers to one of the following circumstances:

(1) Maxillary fracture leads to obvious facial deformation;

(two) more than seven teeth fall off or break;

(3) The temporomandibular joint injury caused the mouth opening to be less than 65438±0.5cm or the healthy mandible deviated from the affected side, resulting in obvious asymmetry of the lower face.

Sixteenth other appearance damage refers to any of the following circumstances:

(1) facial trauma left obvious massive scars, with a single area of more than 4 square centimeters, two areas of more than 7 square centimeters, three or more total areas of more than 9 square centimeters, or left obvious strip scars, with a single length of more than 5 centimeters, two cumulative lengths of more than 8 centimeters, and three cumulative total lengths of more than 10 centimeters, which caused disfigurement or function of eyelids, nose, lips, cheeks and other parts.

(two) facial nerve injury caused by unilateral facial paralysis, resulting in eyelid closure, mouth askew;

(three) the face has a small scar, obvious pigmentation or obvious hypopigmentation, covering 30% of the face.

(4) Scar contracture caused by second-degree deep burns and scalds on the face and neck significantly affects facial or neck movements.

The fourth chapter hearing loss [4]

Seventeenth after the injury, the hearing loss in one ear is above 965438 0 dB.

Eighteenth after the injury, the hearing loss of both ears is more than 60 decibels.

The fifth chapter loss of vision [5]

Nineteenth kinds of damage caused by vision loss refers to one of the following circumstances:

(a) after the injury, one eye is blind;

(2) After injury, binocular vision is low, and monocular vision is Grade 2.

Twentieth visual field defect caused by eye trauma or craniocerebral injury (visual field radius less than 65438 00 degrees).

Article 6 Loss of function of other organs

Twenty-first other organ dysfunction refers to the loss of function or serious dysfunction of other organs except hearing and vision. If there are other provisions in the Regulations, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 22 Irrecoverable diplopia caused by eye injury or craniocerebral injury, which affects work and life.

Twenty-third jaw fracture or oral tissue and organ injury (such as tongue injury, etc.). ) cause obvious obstacles in language, chewing or swallowing ability.

Article 24 Laryngeal trauma causes irrecoverable aphonia and severe hoarseness.

Twenty-fifth pharyngeal and esophageal injuries with scar stenosis lead to dysphagia.

Twenty-sixth nose, pharynx and larynx injury scar stenosis caused by breathing difficulties [6].

Twenty-seventh girls lose the ability to breastfeed because of bilateral breast injuries.

Twenty-eighth renal injury complicated with renal hypertension and severe renal insufficiency.

Twenty-ninth ureteral injury caused by stenosis caused by hydronephrosis and severe renal insufficiency.

Thirtieth urethral injury left urethral stricture caused dysuria and severe renal insufficiency.

Thirty-first anal canal injury caused serious fecal incontinence or serious anal canal stenosis.

Thirty-second pelvic fractures lead to serious dysfunction of pelvic organs.

Thirty-third uterine and adnexal injuries complicated with internal genital atrophy or affect the development of internal genitalia.

Article 34 Vaginal injury involves peripheral organs, resulting in fistula or scar formation, leading to serious dysfunction.

Thirty-fifth penis injury caused by penis defect, serious deformity, resulting in serious dysfunction. Thirty-sixth testicular or vas deferens injury loss of reproductive capacity.

Chapter VII Other Major Harms to Human Health

Article 37 Other major injuries to human health refer to complications that are life-threatening at the time of the injury or can cause life-threatening during the injury, and other injuries that seriously affect human health.

In the first section, 38 cases of scalp avulsion injury caused by craniocerebral injury reached 25% of scalp area with hemorrhagic shock; Scalp injury causes the scalp to lose its viability, covering 25% of the scalp area.

Article 39 skull fracture (such as linear, concave, broken, etc.). ) accompanied by brain parenchyma and vascular injury, with symptoms and signs of brain compression; Dural rupture.

Article 40 Open craniocerebral injury.

Forty-first skull base fracture is accompanied by facial acoustic nerve injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage for a long time.

Forty-two patients with craniocerebral injury developed coma (more than 30 minutes) and nervous system signs, such as paralysis, hemiplegia and aphasia.

Forty-third craniocerebral injury, brain CT scan shows brain contusion, but it must be accompanied by symptoms and signs of nervous system.

Forty-fourth epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma or intracerebral hematoma caused by craniocerebral injury.

Article 45 Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is accompanied by symptoms and signs of nervous system.

Forty-sixth craniocerebral injury causes intracranial infections, such as meningitis and brain abscess.

Forty-seventh craniocerebral injury caused by other cranial nerves except olfactory nerve injury and difficult to recover.

Article 48 Traumatic epilepsy caused by craniocerebral injury.

Forty-ninth craniocerebral injury leads to serious organic mental disorder.

Article 50 Symptoms and signs caused by substantial damage to the nervous system caused by craniocerebral injury, such as internal carotid artery-cavernous sinus fistula, hypothalamus-somatic dysfunction, etc.

Neck injury in the second quarter

Article 51 Injury to the throat, trachea, neck, floor of mouth and its adjacent tissues leads to dyspnea.

Article 52 Neck injury causes thrombosis of one side of carotid artery and vertebral artery, carotid arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm.

Article 53 Neck injury involves brachial plexus, which seriously affects the function of upper limbs; Neck injury involves the top of pleura, leading to pneumothorax and dyspnea.

Fifty-fourth thyroid injury accompanied by recurrent laryngeal nerve injury caused serious dysfunction.

Article 55 Injury of thoracic duct.

Fifty-sixth pharynx and esophagus injury caused by local abscess, mediastinitis or sepsis.

Article 57 The neck injury causes foreign bodies to remain in the deep part of the neck, which affects the functions of corresponding tissues and organs.

The third quarter chest injury

Article 58 chest injury leads to hemothorax or pneumothorax, and dyspnea occurs.

The fracture of the 59th rib leads to dyspnea.

The sixtieth sternal fracture caused dyspnea.

Sixty-first chest injury leads to mediastinal emphysema, respiratory distress syndrome or rupture of trachea and bronchus.

Article 62 Injury of trachea and esophagus causes mediastinitis, mediastinal abscess, mediastinal emphysema, hemopneumothorax or empyema.

Sixty-third heart injury; Injury of great vessels in the chest.

Article 64 Empyema, lung abscess, atelectasis, bronchopleural fistula, esophago-pleural fistula or bronchoesophageal fistula caused by chest injury.

Article 65 Severe chest pressure leads to blood circulation disorder, respiratory movement disorder and intracranial hemorrhage.

The sixty-sixth female has a missing breast.

Abdominal injury in the fourth quarter

Sixty-seventh gastric, intestinal and biliary system perforation and rupture.

Sixty-eighth liver, spleen, pancreas and other organs rupture; These organs form hematoma and abscess due to injury.

Article 69 Renal rupture; Urine extravasation requires surgical treatment (including renal artery embolization).

Article 70 Ureteral injury leads to urinary extravasation.

Article 71 Abdominal injury causes peritonitis, septicemia, intestinal obstruction or intestinal fistula.

Article 72 Abdominal injury causes hemoperitoneum and requires surgical treatment.

Section 5 Pelvic injury

Article 73 The pelvic fracture is severely deformed.

Article 74 Urethral rupture and rupture must be repaired by surgery.

Article 75 Bladder rupture.

Article 76 The scope of scrotal avulsion injury reaches 50% of scrotal skin area; Bilateral testicular loss.

Article 77 Injury leads to perforation or rupture of uterus or its accessories.

Article 78 The injury of a pregnant woman causes premature delivery, stillbirth, early placental abruption, abortion complicated with hemorrhagic shock or serious infection.

Article 79 A young girl is seriously injured in her vulva or vagina.

Section 6 Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury

Article 80 Spinal fracture or dislocation accompanied by spinal cord injury or multiple spinal nerve injuries.

Eighty-first substantial spinal cord injury affects spinal cord function, such as limb motor function, sexual function or severe obstruction of urination and defecation.

Section 7 Other injuries

Article 82 Burns and scalds.

(1) More than 30% or 10% of the total burn area of adults (excluding the first degree burn area, the same below) has three degrees; The total area of children is more than 10% or more than 5%.

The area of burns and scalds is lower than the above degree, but under any of the following circumstances:

1, oscillation;

2, inhalation of toxic gas poisoning;

3. Severe respiratory burn;

4, accompanied by complications leading to serious consequences;

5. Other situations similar to those listed above.

(2) Deep second-degree burns on special parts (such as face, hands, perineum, etc.). ), seriously affecting the appearance and function, refer to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Eighty-third frostbite caused by ear, nose, hands, feet and other parts of necrosis and serious dysfunction, with reference to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Eighty-fourth electric injury with serious complications or left ventricular dysfunction, with reference to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Eighty-fifth due to physical, chemical or biological factors, resulting in serious organ dysfunction, with reference to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Article 86 Injury causes foreign bodies to remain in important organs such as brain, heart and lung.

Article 87 Injury leads to traumatic shock, hemorrhagic shock or septic shock.

Eighty-eighth subcutaneous tissue bleeding range accounts for 30% of the body surface area; Bleeding of muscle and deep tissue with complications or severe dysfunction.

Article 89 Fat embolism syndrome caused by injury Article 90 Crush syndrome caused by injury.

Article 91 Respiratory disorders caused by various reasons, accompanied by complications or suffocation signs of left-over dysfunction.

Article 92 Damage specified in Article 85 of the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which is not specified in this standard, can be identified with reference to the corresponding provisions of this standard.

The appraisal specified in the preceding paragraph shall be made or reviewed by a forensic appraisal institution at or above the prefecture (city) level.

Ninety-third or more injuries are close to the relevant provisions of this standard, and can be comprehensively evaluated as serious injuries according to specific conditions.

Article 94 The above and below mentioned in this standard include this number.

Article 95 This standard is only applicable to the forensic identification of serious injuries stipulated in the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Article 96 This standard shall be implemented as of 1 July 19901day. 1986 "Criterion for Identification of Serious Injuries (Trial)" shall be abolished at the same time.

Before the implementation of this standard, if an appraisal has been made but a judgment has not yet been made, it is still applicable to the Appraisal Standard for Serious Human Injury (Trial) issued by 1986.

1March 29, 990

Description of "Criteria for Identification of Serious Personal Injury"

(1) The determination of joint range of motion should be based on the overall function of the joint to be examined, referring to the range of motion values of normal human joints commonly used in clinic, and made after comprehensive analysis. During the examination, it is necessary to understand the past functional state of the joint and compare it with the range of motion of the healthy joint.

(2) Finger movement refers to the action that the belly of thumb touches the belly of other fingers.

(3) The facial range refers to the area below the hairline of forehead, between the two ear roots and between the lower edge of mandible, including forehead, orbit, nose, lip, chin, zygomatic region, cheek, parotid masseter and auricle.

(4) Methods of identifying hearing loss:

(1) pure tone audiometer should be used for hearing examination, taking air conductance as the standard, and the unit of hearing level is decibel (db), generally using the average of three frequencies: 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. This average is equivalent to the national listening value of life pronunciation.

② Hearing loss below 25 decibels should belong to normal hearing.

③ The binaural hearing loss after injury is calculated as follows:

(good ear hearing loss ×5+ poor ear hearing loss ×r) divided by 6. The result of calculation is that hearing loss above 60 decibels is a serious injury.

④ Correction of hearing impairment in the elderly, starting from the age of 60, decreasing by 0.5 decibels every year.

⑤ When appraisers think it is necessary, they can choose appropriate methods (such as acoustic impedance, cochlear electrogram, auditory brainstem evoked potential, etc.). ) to test listening.

(5) Methods of identifying visual impairment:

(1) Anyone suffering from naked eye vision or hyperopia whose vision can reach the normal vision range (above 0.8) or close to the normal vision range (0.4-0.8) will not be regarded as visual impairment by using lenses (including contact lenses and pinhole lenses). The classification of visual impairment is shown in the following table (below 0.3):

┌—————————————————————————————————————┐

visual disorder

├————————┬————————————————————————————┤

Classification and calibration of low vision and blindness

│ ├————————————————————————————┤

Grade, Best Corrective Force

│ ├———————————┬————————————————┤

The best vision is lower than the lowest vision is equal to or better than.

├—————┬——┼———————————┼————————————————┤

│ │ 1 │ 0.3 │ 0. 1 │

│ ├———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— ┤.

2 │ 0.1│ 0.05 (three meters index)

├—————┼——┼———————————┼————————————————┤

│ │ 3 │ 0.05 │ 0.02 (one meter indicator) │

│ ├——┼———————————┼————————————————┤

Blindness, 4,0.02, light perception

│ ├——┼———————————┴————————————————┤

│ │ 5 │ No light perception │

└—————┴——┴————————————————————————————┘

If the central vision is good and the visual field is narrowed, the visual field radius is less than 10 degrees and more than 5 degrees, which is level 3; If the radius is less than 5 degrees, it is level 4.

To assess visual impairment, we should take "hyperopia" as the standard and refer to "myopia".

② Central vision examination method: hyperopia and myopia were examined by using general standard visual acuity chart. For patients with craniocerebral injury, we should check the central scotoma, physiological blind spot and visual field. Diplopia should be examined in detail to analyze the nature and degree of diplopia.

③ When the appraiser thinks it is necessary, he can choose an appropriate method (such as visual electrophysiology) to measure his vision.

(6) Dyspnea is due to the requirement of ventilation volume exceeding the ventilation capacity of respiratory organs. Symptoms: shortness of breath, insufficient breath, chest tightness and discomfort. Signs; The respiratory frequency increases, the amplitude deepens or becomes shallow, or it is accompanied by abnormal periodic rhythm, flapping of nose and cyanosis. Laboratory examination:

① arterial blood gas analysis showed that arterial oxygen partial pressure could be lower than 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg);

② chest X-ray examination;

③ Pulmonary function examination.

The diagnosis of dyspnea must be accompanied by symptoms and signs. Laboratory examination for reference.

The Supreme People's Court the Supreme People's Procuratorate Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Justice

Identification standard of human minor injuries

Article 1 In order to provide a basis for minor injury identification, this standard is formulated according to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), based on the theory and technology of medicine and forensic medicine, and combined with the practical experience of judicial identification.

Article 2 A minor injury refers to a certain degree of damage or partial dysfunction of tissues and organ structures caused by various external factors such as physical, chemical and biological factors, but it does not constitute a serious injury and is not a minor injury.

Article 3 The determination of the degree of injury shall be based on the primary injury directly caused by external factors and its consequences, including the injury at the time of the injury, complications and sequelae caused by the injury, etc. , and comprehensive analysis and evaluation.

Article 4 An appraiser shall be a jurist or a person with judicial expertise; Can also be employed or entrusted to the judicial organs as the attending physician or above.

The appraiser has the right to know the case, consult the case files, medical records and on-site inspection, and the relevant units have the responsibility to cooperate.

The appraiser must adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, use scientific detection methods, keep the case secret and abide by relevant laws and regulations.

Chapter II Head and Neck Injury

Subfascial hematoma of the fifth cap

The area of scalp avulsion injury is 20 cm2 (children 10 cm2); The area of traumatic scalp defect is 10 cm2 (5 cm2 for children).

Article 6 The cumulative length of sharp scalp injuries is 8 cm, and the cumulative length of children is 6 cm. The cumulative length of blunt injury is 6 cm, and that of children is 4 cm.

The seventh place is simple skull fracture.

Article 8 The head injury is diagnosed as a temporary disturbance of consciousness, and he is forgetful of recent events.

Article 9 Eye injuries

(a) eyelid injury affects the face or function;

(2) Simple orbital fracture;

(3) partial injury and dysfunction of lacrimal apparatus;

(four) part of the eyeball structure damage, affecting the face or function;

(5) Injury leads to vision loss, binocular corrected vision drops below 0.7 (more than 0.2 than before injury), and monocular corrected vision drops below 0.5 (more than 0.3 than before injury); The original monocular vision was low, and the vision decreased 1 level after injury.

Mild visual field defect;

(6) traumatic strabismus.

Tenth nasal trauma

(a) comminuted fracture of nasal bone, or linear fracture of nasal bone with obvious displacement;

(2) The nose injury obviously affects the appearance or function of the nose.

Eleventh ear injury

(a) auricle injury caused obvious deformation; One auricle defect is one ear 15%, or the cumulative auricle defect on both sides is one ear15%;

(2) Traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane;

(3) External auditory canal stenosis caused by external auditory canal injury;

(4) Hearing loss in one ear is 4 1 dB, and hearing loss in both ears is 30 dB.

Article 12 Oral injury

(a) Oral and lip injuries affect the face, pronunciation or eating;

(two) more than two teeth fall off or break;

(3) Oral tissues and organs are damaged, which affects the function of language, chewing or swallowing;

(4) Salivary gland injury with dysfunction.

Thirteenth zygomatic fracture or maxillary fracture; The mouth opening caused by temporomandibular joint injury (the distance between upper and lower incisors) is less than 3 cm.

Fourteenth facial soft tissue single wound length of 3.5 cm (3 cm for children), or wound cumulative length of 5 cm (4 cm for children) or maxillofacial penetration.

Fifteenth facial trauma has obvious scars, with a single length of 3 cm or a cumulative length of 4 cm; A single area of 2 square centimeters or a cumulative area of 3 square centimeters; The pigment affecting the face changes by 6 square centimeters.

Sixteenth facial nerve injury causes partial facial paralysis, which affects face and function.

Seventeenth neck soft tissue single wound length of 5 cm or cumulative wound length of 8 cm.

Does not meet the provisions of the preceding paragraph but has motor dysfunction.

Article 18 neck injury shows signs of suffocation.

Article 19 A neck injury hurts the thyroid gland, throat, trachea or esophagus.

Chapter III Limb Injury

Twentieth limb soft tissue contusion accounts for more than 6% of the total body surface area.

Twenty-first limb skin and subcutaneous tissue single wound length is 65438 00 cm (8 cm for children) or total wound length is 65438 05 cm (65438 02 cm for children); Injury to sensory nerves, blood vessels and tendons, affecting their functions.

Twenty-second traumatic skin defects need skin grafting.

Article 23 Hand injuries

(1) 1 phalanx comminuted fracture or 2 phalanx linear fracture;

(2) lack of half a knuckle;

(3) Mild contracture, deformity, limited joint movement or lateral instability after injury;

(four) scaphoid fracture, lunate dislocation or complete metacarpal fracture.

Article 24 foot injury

(1) phalangeal fracture;

(2) 1 toe joint loss;

(3) Fracture of both metatarsals; Fracture of tarsal bone, talus and calcaneus; Ankle fracture or dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint. Except for the avulsion fracture.

Twenty-fifth limbs long bone fracture; Epiphyseal fracture.

Twenty-sixth limb joint dislocation, partial tear of joint ligament, meniscus injury or scar contracture after limb soft tissue injury lead to joint dysfunction.

Chapter IV Trunk and Perineal Injury

Twenty-seventh trunk soft tissue contusion according to article twentieth.

Article 28 Trunk wounds shall be treated according to Article 21.

Twenty-ninth penetrating trunk injury did not hurt internal organs or important blood vessels and nerves.

Thirtieth chest trauma caused by pneumothorax, hemothorax or large area of simple subcutaneous emphysema, no breathing difficulties.

Article 31 the chest is squeezed and there are signs of suffocation.

Thirty-second scapula, clavicle or sternum fracture; Dislocation of sternoclavicular joint or acromioclavicular joint

Article 33 Fracture of ribs (except simple linear fracture of ribs).

Thirty-fourth female breast injury leads to obvious deformation or partial loss of one breast; Injury of mammary duct in one breast.

Thirty-fifth closed abdominal injury is diagnosed as contusion of stomach, intestine, liver, spleen or pancreas.

Article 36 Traumatic hematuria (microscopic examination of red blood cells > 10/ high vision) lasts for more than two weeks.

Thirty-seventh perineal soft tissue contusion reached 65438 00 square centimeters (children's discretion) or hematoma can not be completely absorbed within two weeks.

Article 38 Dysuria caused by penis contusion; Partial defect and deformity of penis; Scrotal avulsion injury, scrotal hematoma and hydrocele; Dislocation, torsion or atrophy of one testis.

Thirty-ninth perineum, scrotum wound length 2 cm; The length of penis wound is 1 cm.

Fortieth traumatic anal fissure, anal fistula or anal canal stenosis.

Article 41 Vaginal laceration, uterus or accessory injury.

Forty-second pregnant women will inevitably have an abortion due to injury.

Forty-third traumatic spinal fracture or dislocation; Traumatic disc herniation; Trauma affects spinal cord function and can be recovered in a short time.

Article 44 Pelvic fracture.

Chapter V Other Injuries

Article 45 Burns and scalds

(a) burns occupy body surface area.

More than 5% (3% for children) shallow second degree;

More than 2% of the second degree (1% for children);

The third degree is above 0. 1%.

(2) The head, hands and perineum are burned and scalded for more than two degrees, which affects the appearance, appearance or activity function.

(3) Burn and scald of respiratory tract.

Forty-sixth frostbite according to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Article 47 Electrical burns are accompanied by disturbance of consciousness or general convulsions.

Article 48 Foreign bodies caused by trauma remain in deep soft tissues.

Forty-ninth kinds of injuries and bleeding before shock symptoms and signs.

Fiftieth multi-site soft tissue contusion shall be compared with twentieth.

Fifty-first multiple soft tissue trauma, mutatis mutandis, twenty-first.

Fifty-second other physical, chemical and biological injuries, resulting in slight damage to human tissues and organs or partial dysfunction, shall be implemented by referring to the relevant provisions of this standard.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 53 All kinds of injuries that fail to meet this standard cannot be simply accumulated as minor injuries. If there are three kinds of damage close to this standard, it can be comprehensively evaluated according to the specific situation.

According to Article 234 of the Criminal Law, whoever intentionally harms another person's body shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance. Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and causes serious injuries shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years; Whoever causes death or serious disability by particularly cruel means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death. Where there are other provisions in this Law, such provisions shall prevail. In layman's terms, whoever intentionally hurts and causes minor injuries shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.