Qingming, is the winter solstice the lunar calendar or the new calendar?

Introduction: The lunar calendar is actually a combination of yin and yang, which actually includes two parts:

Represents the lunar part of the lunar calendar:

1. lunar month

The lunar calendar is based on the moon phase, which involves "Wang Shuo" (moon phase).

The orbit of the moon is called the ecliptic (meaning opposite to the underworld), and the orbit of the sun is called the ecliptic. The ecliptic and the ecliptic are two great circles on the celestial body, which intersect at five degrees and nine minutes. The moon went around the earth once and appeared on the ecliptic twice, 7 hours and 43 minutes 1 1.5 seconds later on the 27th. This is the moment when the moon revolves, and it is called "the moon and the stars". But when the earth circled in that month, the position of the earth also changed due to the revolution, and it advanced more than 27 degrees; The moon runs 13 degrees 15 minutes every day, so it takes 29 days 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2.8 seconds (29.5306) for the moon to circle the earth, which is customarily called January, that is, "looking at the moon". The new moon is the first day.

2. Twenty-four solar terms (solar calendar)

The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. In fact, the ancient division was also based on this, but there was no concept of "degree" in ancient China, and 360 degrees was not a circle.

Solar terms reflect the different positions reached by the earth when it runs in orbit. Because of the relativity of motion, they are different positions that the sun reaches when it moves on the ecliptic. It is called vernal equinox to stipulate that the meridian of the sun is equal to zero. Since then, the temple has a solar term every 15 and * * * has 24 solar terms. Starting from the vernal equinox, they are Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Slight Summer, Great Summer, beginning of autumn, Early Summer, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Early Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold, Severe Cold, beginning of spring, Rain and Sting. Because of this, the dates of solar terms in the solar calendar are relatively fixed.

3. Calendar

(1). Set the date order according to the new day, that is, the new day is the first day of the calendar month;

(2). Set the month order by the gas, take the first month of the lunar calendar as November, that is, take November 1st as the first day of the winter solstice or the day before it as November 1st, and establish November Zi;

(3) Arrangement rules of months in normal years: If there are 12 fixed dates between the fixed winter solstice in the year before the year to be calculated and the fixed winter solstice in the year to be calculated, they will be named in turn (the first day of November in the lunar calendar was named in the second step): the first day of December, the first day of the first month, the first day of February, the first day of March, the first day of April and the first day of May. /* At this time, even if there is a neutral calendar, it will not be considered as a leap month, but an official calendar month, which is why leap July will be abolished in 2033, that is, a "fake leap month" will be eliminated.

4. Moon arrangement rules in leap years: If there are 13 fixed dates from the fixed winter solstice of last year to the fixed winter solstice of next year, you will find the first two such fixed dates: that is, there is no fixed air between two adjacent fixed dates (including the previous fixed date, but excluding the next fixed date). The last fixed date and the previous fixed date are called the first day of each month in normal order, the next fixed date is called "leap first day [name of the last fixed date]", and the rest are named the first days of the remaining months in turn according to the names of the remaining months.

/* This is also the reason why 1 1 month in 2033 is a leap month instead of the first lunar month in 2034, that is, a calendar month without neutrality is excluded as a leap month. */

Let me answer your question again:

New Year's Eve, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Double Ninth Festival all belong to the lunar calendar, so there is a great overlap with the Gregorian calendar, but it may be repeated (about 19 7 leap), and 19 may be repeated once. For example, the Spring Festival in 2000 was the same as that in 20 19, but the Spring Festival in 1984 was the same as that in 2003.

Twenty-four solar terms (solar calendar part)

Qingming and the winter solstice belong to the movement position of the sun on the yellow meridian, and the length between the two solar terms is about equal to the length of a tropic year, so the time in the solar calendar is relatively consistent. In fact, the winter solstice was very important in ancient times. The only festivals announced by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty were the first day of the first month (now the Spring Festival), the winter solstice and Zhu Yuanzhang's birthday. The winter solstice must be arranged in the 1 1 month of the lunar calendar, that is, the second month, which is mainly adjusted by the leap month.