The ins and outs of wine culture

China's wine, like tea, has formed its own culture. Since Du Kang's brewing, China's wine has been handed down from generation to generation. The difference between China's wine and foreign wine is that it is mainly white wine, and most of foreign wine is red wine. China's liquor mainly has mellow flavor, reduced flavor, qu flavor and mixed flavor, each with its own characteristics and pure fragrance. Since ancient times, wine has appeared in many literati's poems. Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about wine fighting, and Su Shi asked for wine. There is another sentence: Du Kang is the only one who can solve his worries. Of course, there are words that are more worry-free after drinking. Today, wine has developed into one of China's cultures, the technology of wine-making has also been improved, and the value of wine is also constantly improving. However, frequent drunk driving accidents, excessive drinking and death, and no alcohol in the official field are also worth pondering. In fact, moderate drinking can relax muscles, promote blood circulation and contribute to health. Again: Just like tasting tea, understanding culture requires quality. My humble opinion above is my own opinion. I like China culture, so I take this opportunity to express my views. Thank you.

Wine order, as its name implies, is the rule when drinking. Usually, when a person becomes an official, according to certain rules, or punches, or guesses, or skillfully makes sentences, or engages in other recreational activities, he loses, disobeys orders, or fails to finish, and he will be punished for drinking (in case of something that can be celebrated with joy, he will be congratulated, which means to persuade him to drink, which means encouragement). In fact, ordering wine is a romantic, elegant, wise and meaningful entertainment when drinking, especially at banquets, and it is a major means of adding wine to add interest and active atmosphere. It is a social culture and popular culture of wine.

A long history

Sake has a long history in China. It originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The original intention is about laws and strict etiquette system to control people's drinking. At that time, there were not only special wine officials who ordered to take charge of wine, but also "supervisors" and "histories" who specially supervised people's drinking at banquets. No matter whether you propose a toast or punish wine, you must be controlled by "supervisor" and "history". You are not allowed to drink too much or lose your manners, and offenders will be punished. This kind of wine law established by compulsory means is the beginning of saluting according to law, and it is also a leap in the budding process of liquor order, or it can be regarded as the emergence of quasi-liquor order.

Liquor Order was formally born in the early Spring and Autumn Period 2600 years ago. According to "Biography of Hanshu Poetry" written in the early Han Dynasty, "Qi Huangong set up a wine season day:' The latter takes classes as punishment (classes are drinking utensils)! "After Guan Zhong, when drinking, he abandoned it for half a day:' Xing abandoned his body, restless and abandoned wine'. This shows that the name of the wine order already existed in the early Spring and Autumn Period. In the early Warring States period, drinkers' drinking orders changed from abstinence to persuasion, and the content of "ceremony" gradually became indifferent. In the Jin Dynasty, Shi Chong held a banquet in his own Jinyuan Villa, which not only made guests improvise poems, but also stipulated that "if you don't understand, you will be punished three times", and since then, a formal drinker's drinking order has been produced. Qushui Liuxiang Order and Zanggou Order are unique wine orders excavated from folk customs in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this point, the drinkers' wager game, which was originally specially formulated for the nobles to maintain the "ceremony", has become popular in the world with a free and easy fresh look after absorbing a lot of nutrients from the people.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society. The wine industry has been revitalized and the wine atmosphere is very strong, which provides fertile ground for the growth of wine lists and makes them develop rapidly and mature. The most common ones are dice-throwing, shooting, raising wine, getting wine cards and writing orders, as well as delivering packages, gesture orders, flags and small wine orders. Their novelty and diversity have reached an unprecedented level among scholars. In Song Dynasty, the wine order changed from elegance to vulgarity, and elegance was seen in vulgarity, which had a broader foundation than that in Tang Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, with the development of popular literature, alcohol spread from the banquets of scholars, literati and rich families to the homes of the founders.

The liquor season reached its peak in Ming and Qing dynasties, and its varieties and contents were incomparable to those of the previous generation. Things between mortals, flowers, insects and fish, historical allusions, customs, seasonal solar terms, Tang Shining's poems, novels and proverbs, etc. , are indispensable. Moreover, at this time, the wine order developed in a systematic and theoretical direction, and became more and more perfect, and a large number of monographs appeared. In particular, almost all rhetorical devices are used in literary wine orders. Elegant drinkers learn from their own sophistication, while vulgar drinkers show their elegance at will. Moreover, the atmosphere of the decree is relaxed and not harsh. The decree is only to persuade wine, and drinking is only for pleasure.

Liquor Order is a wonderful flower in Chinese wine culture, and it is a civilized and artistic behavior to persuade wine. Today, we can master the knowledge about wine order and apply it to drinking activities properly, which can adjust the atmosphere, increase fun, cultivate emotions, enhance intelligence and improve the civilized degree of drinking.

The Grand View of Ancient and Modern Wine Orders compiled by He Shuheng and others divides wine orders into seven categories: Ci Orders, Poetry Orders, Flowers, Birds, Fish and Insects Orders, Dice Orders, Boxing Orders, your legend Orders and Preparation Orders. For the convenience of discussion, the author agrees with Wang Shouguo's viewpoint in the book China People in Wine Culture, and divides the drinking order into two categories: popular drinking order and literati drinking order. Popular drinkers' wager game is more practical, while literati's drinkers' wager game is more artistic.

Second, Volkswagen Liquor Order

The popular wine list is easy to understand and learn, and can be used quickly regardless of educational level, which has an overwhelming advantage in prestigious banquets. There are ten main forms of popular alcohol orders:

1, rolling order. Dice (also known as "dice") order is one of the commonly used wine orders in ancient times. Sometimes you can use one dice, up to six dice, depending on the number of people and time. This order is simple and quick, and it is very accidental. It does not need any skills, and it is all luck, which is especially popular with heavy drinkers. There are many kinds of dice sequences, including guessing sequence, six sequences and wine sequences.

2. Guess things. Hide something so that people present can guess what it is. He who guesses correctly wins, and he who guesses wrongly drinks. There are mainly cats and dogs, guessing chess pieces (also known as guessing boxing) and guessing flowers.

3. Palm. Taking the finger as a play is called the finger palm order, which mainly includes the five elements of making orders, the lawsuit of official action, the order of raising the bridge, the order of cutting cloth (this is Japanese boxing), the order of big and small gourds, the order of punching (also known as guessing boxing and thumb play) and the order of multiple guns.

4. Pass the parcel order. Make the official hold the flower branch in his hand, make people drum behind the screen, and the guests pass the flower branch in turn, and stop drumming until the flower branch in his hand is drunk.

5, tiger stickers chicken worm order. Two people face each other, cross talk with chopsticks, and at the same time either shout tiger, stick, chicken, insect, beat tiger with stick, tiger eats chicken, chicken eats insect, insect eats stick, discuss the outcome, and the loser drinks. If a stick makes a chicken or a bug make a tiger appear at the same time, it doesn't matter whether you win or lose. Keep shouting.

6. Spoon order. Take a spoon in the center of the dish and use it to stir the handle to make it rotate. When the rotation stops, the person pointing the hand drinks water.

7. Preface of local operas. Each performer said a local opera, and pointed out that those who can't say famous actors have two drinks, and those who can say half have one drink.

Eight, shoot the seventh order. Start with one number, and there is no limit to the next number. Seven (such as seven, seventeen, twenty-seven, etc. ) on the table, seven (that is, multiples of seven, such as fourteen, twenty-one and twenty-eight) on the table, and those who make mistakes are drunk.

9. Vote. Set a special. The host and guest took turns shooting arrows at them, and the winner won and the loser drank.

10, unveiling order. The magistrate buckled a piece of paper with numbers written on it on the table with a cup. The people at the table don't know this number except the magistrate, but it is required that the number must be between 6 and 36. Let the officer finish his drink, say the word "6" in his mouth and give it to anyone at the dinner party, and so on. If the sum of the added numbers is exactly equal to the number deducted from the cup, it is called winning the prize, and then the person drinks a glass of wine. If it is the official's turn again, and the number does not exceed the number in the cup, only the official is allowed to add "1" to others. If the total number exceeds the number in the cup, then the person will guess with the receiver, guess a few punches after counting, and the loser will drink.

Third, the literati wine order

Literati's wine order is exquisite, which requires a high level of education to operate and use. If this is the case, then the literati wine order will have the flavor of "Chun Xue".

The first is part of speech. The unique glyph structure of Chinese provides a broad platform for literati to compete in ci. Word order mainly includes:

1, eight-character order, each person speaks a word with the word "eight", which must be the general term of eight similar words. If you can't say it, drink it. Such as "Eight Immortals" and "Eight Diagrams".

2. Word-breaking order: Order the official to get the first couplet of a word-breaking couplet, and ask those present to make the next couplet. Those who can't get it will drink. For example, "Break through three stones in Qiao Lei, separated by two mountains."

3. Word board combination order: this order requires three names of curved boards, and the first characters of the three curved boards are combined into another Chinese character, and those who fail to drink it. Such as: magnolia, operator, jujube Meifang; Xiao under the moon, brocade in the west. Female crown (waist)

4. Parting words are famous for their poems. For example, wine tasting has three words, and the word water becomes wine. Mouth, mouth and mouth "advise you to drink one more glass of wine".

5. Words with the same color run through common sayings. Such as: tea with the same color is like wine, with two mouths, big mouth drinking tea and small mouth drinking.

6. Break down words into verses or proverbs. Such as: one is the next, two people talk, one is to fight and the other is to fight; The green hills are above, and the flowing water is below.

7. The word clutch is consistent with the saying. You ask for a letter at the door, and people will come soon; Eight knives divide the meat, and the wife is unfair.

8, push the word deformation. Such as: the wood in the mouth is sleepy, and the wood pushed on the ground is apricot; Ten in your mouth, push ten to the right.

The second is the preface to poetry, which mainly includes:

1, the poem contains word order, reciting an ancient poem, with four words, five words and seven words. The judgment must contain the words designated by the judge.

2. Make a poem preface, so that everyone present can write a poem, which can also be used in jingles.

3. Poetry is divided into true and false order. Wine luminous cup (real wine), cold night guests come to tea as wine (fake wine).

4. Daughter order. There are several kinds of this order. Daughter's temperament, speech, manners and deacons can all be described. The following seven words are better used in sentences. For example, it is difficult for my daughter to "it was a long time before I met her, but it was longer after we separated"; Daughter is very happy. "It's easy to get a fairy."

5. Change the order of words and poems. Misread an ancient poem and quote another poem to explain it. One drink for those who don't work and two drinks for those who don't work. Such as: the youngest left home, the second came back, (Ming eldest brother, He Yun second? ) Because "so she finally married herself to a businessman".

The third is the cyclic order. All the words in the poem are related or repetitive. Such as: Take the lead (1), Take a sneak peek, Say it quickly, and Shanghai tap water comes from the sea; "People have lived in Buddhist temples, which are bigger than others."

The fourth is the bill of lading. In the old days, there were many kinds of raising orders, all of which were carved on bamboo raising, shaken at the table and drunk at the table. Generally speaking, wine films are often engraved with the names or stories of famous people in Tang poems, Ning poems, famous sentences of Yuan songs and literary masterpieces, and each film indicates the drinking object and quantity.

The fifth is the story order of celebrities. The method is similar to the preparation sequence. Ordering method: insert the chips into the wine barrel, draw the chips from the ordering officer in turn when ordering, and drink according to the wine engraved on the chips.

The sixth is the liquor license order. In the form of cards, the contents of the drinking list are engraved. When using, you only need to randomly draw one card and act according to the drinking rules on the card face.

The seventh is the story order. Tell thieves, stories, jokes, no gambling, no drinking, and jokes that don't make people laugh.

Eight is the mixing order. Since it is a wine list that combines the above categories, it is difficult to divide it separately, so it is a mixed list.

Complete works of classic persuasion orders circulated by the people

When the drinker rises to propose a toast, the person advised to drink will say, "It's time to start again", which means that the drinker has another drink. At this time, the drinker should respond, "When the ass moves, it means respect".

Men cannot make good friends without drinking.

Deep feelings, shallow feelings.

Lady's suggestion: Excited heart, shaking hands, I offered a toast to the leader, but the leader didn't think I was ugly.

The lady clinks glasses with the leader: the leader is above me and below me. Please say it several times.

Two little bees are flying among the flowers. ...

A rotten hole in the stomach is better than a broken feeling.

Deep feelings, a stuffy;

Shallow feelings, lick it;

Feelings are thick and you don't drink enough;

Feeling thin, can't drink;

Emotional iron, drinking blood.

One, two, two, two mouthwashes,

Three, two, four, two is not wine,

Five, two, six, two, hold the wall,

Seven, two, eight, two are still shouting.

People walk in the world without drinking.

As long as you have it in your heart, tea is also wine.

Wine is the essence of grain. The more you drink, the younger you get.

The east wind blows, the drums thunder, and whoever is afraid of drinking today!

Wine and meat pass through the intestines, but friends stay in their hearts!

People are floating in the rivers and lakes, and they will kill you without being stabbed ~ ~ ~ a few times ~ ~

When will Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai come back after giving birth to his son ~ ~ ~

People who don't drink live like dogs,

Men don't smoke and live like eunuchs.

Women live in the world without makeup,

Men don't smoke for nothing.

Half a catty of improper wine, a catty of wall support, and a catty of half a wall, I won't go.

There are already thousands of glasses of wine. Drink as much as you can. Run if you can't.

Revolutionary wine is drunk every day. ...

Standing on one leg, drinking does not count.

Willing to contribute to the revolution.

Revolutionary wine is drunk every day,

Red eye and bad stomach,

If you drink soft, your feet will be soft.

Memory loss after drinking.

The drunken crowd rolled their eyes,

The drinking unit lacks funds;

Make your wife cry,

Sleep back to back at night,

Once a lawsuit is filed with the Commission for Discipline Inspection,

The secretary heard a wave of his hand-

It's not right to drink or not,

We are also drunk every day!

Hot wine washes teeth, and beer is tea.

Six sixes. Hello, brother! Who's afraid of who? Turtles are afraid of hammers!

The guest gets drunk, or the host will feel ashamed.

The host raised his glass to the audience and said, "Women should open their mouths and men should go in."

Little happiness, touch along the wall;

Have fun and mop the floor.

How can a person walk the rivers and lakes without drinking?

Can't drink, no future.

Drink nine doses at a time and concentrate on training.

Drink only drinks, not leaders.

Can you drink or not lose, leading secretary

If you drink it, you will fall down, and your job will be hard to protect.

Drinking too little makes it difficult to find talents.

Halfway through, the promotion is still early.

Lead the whole process and lead the future.

We are all bosom friends together, so I'll have two glasses of hangover first.

If you don't drink, who will? -Give the alcoholic a drink.

It was noon on the day of weeding, sweat dripped down the soil and three glasses of wine dried up. Do you feel bitter?

In the spring morning, I woke up easily, birds were singing around, and I raised my glass and asked the young lady, how much should I drink? -Miss, it's up to you.

When young people leave home, old people will come back. I will invite this young lady to have a drink with me. -Have a drink with the ladies present.

Follow your heart. I will drink this time. -Well, no, drink it.

When I came, my wife told me to drink less and eat more.

Wine makes a man brave, but he refuses to obey his wife.

Don't drink too much, for fear of losing your mind, and refrain from drinking.

A small amount is not a gentleman, but a nontoxic husband.

Market economy competition, drink a glass of wine quickly.

Make it at sunrise, and I wish you more prosperous business. -buy a drink for those who do business in the sea.

Make new friends and don't forget old ones. -To old and new friends * * *

It's nearly as bad as saying goodbye to Caiyun in Bai Di. -good capacity for liquor, have a drink.

Show your skill in times of crisis, and your sister (brother) will drink for me.

The big river has wide waves. Let's do it with this cup. -Have a drink for yourself

The east wind blows and the drums beat. Who's afraid of drinking today?

Qian Shan is always in love. Can we drink less?

To make the guests drink well, drink well first!

Commodity economy is in great circulation, opening up and invigorating two cups.

Every confidant has a thousand glasses of wine, which is true.

If others don't know, unless you drink.

The sky is blue, the sea is blue, and cups are handed down.

There is no cloud in the sky and no drought in the ground. That cup doesn't count.

Wine meets friends, and poetry is sung to those who will meet.

A hundred rivers return to the East China Sea. When shall I raise my glass? If I don't drink now, I'll be sad later.

Is the feeling iron or not? Iron! Then you are not afraid of stomach bleeding!

Is the feeling deep or not? Deep! Then you are not afraid of intravenous drip!

Those who can have a drink or two are generous enough!

Drink five taels if you can, so that the gay party can cultivate itself!

I will drink half a catty and one catty, so my buddy is the most considerate!

Those who can drink a catty and a barrel will be promoted to vice president later!

Drink a jar if you can drink a barrel, and the director of the winery will let you be it!

When you are away from home, your wife tells you to drink less and eat more. If you can't reach it, stand up.

If you lose, don't drink. If you win, that's it. If we can't finish eating, we'll come back.

As long as you have feelings, everything you drink is wine. (Drink ice water to find a reason)

If you don't drink white, you won't come emotionally

When the drinker rises to propose a toast, the person advised to drink will say, "It's time to start again", which means that the drinker has another drink. At this time, the drinker should respond, "When the ass moves, it means respect".