The layout of Beijing and the architectural features of the Forbidden City show what the architectural design idea is.

Beijing is the ancient capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of China. It is an ancient cultural city with a long history and a world-famous historical and cultural city. Since it was the capital of Liao Dynasty in 938, it has been established in Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its history has exceeded 1000 years. In the long history of being the capital, emperors and their advisers in various dynasties have carefully planned and designed the ancient capital Beijing and built a series of symbolic urban buildings in order to safeguard the imperial power and make the emperor's country and country last for a long time, in an effort to achieve the goal of "unique, unique" through the perfect construction of the capital city. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the urban construction of the ancient capital Beijing was more perfect, majestic and mysterious, which made the ancient capital Beijing have strong capital characteristics. Nowadays, those dynasties in history have passed, but they have left many historical sites and monuments for future generations, which provided a material basis for future generations to study the planning and design ideas of ancient capitals.

So, what are the planning and design principles of the ancient capital Beijing? What are the symbolic meaning, implication, function and use of those design patterns? After years of on-the-spot investigation and research on the ancient capital Beijing, the author found that the ancient capital Beijing was planned and designed according to the principle of Zhouyi, the highest traditional culture in ancient China, and was built according to the cosmic concept of "harmony between man and nature". Every ancient building in Beijing, the ancient capital, contains the immortal brilliance of the philosophers of Zhouyi.

Zhouyi is a wonderful book in the ancient history of China, with profound implications. It is the origin of China's traditional culture for thousands of years, the highest-level ancient philosophical works and the most authoritative historical and cultural classics recognized by China and even the world. The Book of Changes is known as "the head of the classics and the source of the avenue" in the history of China, which has had a great influence on the culture and civilization of China for thousands of years. Only by studying China's traditional culture and civilization along the context of Zhouyi can we find the real answer.

The ancient capital Beijing, the Temple of Heaven, the Ditan, the Ritan and the Moon Altar were all designed and built according to the principles of Zhouyi and innate gossip.

The ancient city of Beijing is divided into two parts: the inner city and the outer city. Now it is called the convex city. The northern part of Braille City is called the inner city, which was built earlier. It was built on the basis of Yuan Dadu in the early Ming Dynasty with reference to the design schemes of Nancheng and Zhongdu (Fengyang, Anhui), the capital cities of Ming Dynasty. The convex south is called the outer city, which was built late. It was built in Jiajing period at the end of Ming Dynasty. Open the map of the ancient capital Beijing, and you can see the north, south, east and west directions inside and outside the ancient capital Beijing. There are four ancient altar buildings: Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan and Yuetan.

The Temple of Heaven is the largest and most complete ancient royal building in China. It is located in the south of Beijing's inner and outer cities. It was built in 1420 by Judy, Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, and has a history of more than 500 years. The Temple of Heaven is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed to heaven on the solstice in winter, to heaven in Meng Chun and to rain on the solstice in summer. Ditan was built in A.D. 1530, Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty for 9 years, located in the northern part of Beijing. Because there is a square Qu Ze around the altar, it was originally named Fang Zetan, and was renamed Ditan in Jiajing 13. Ditan is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to their ancestors, that is, the gods of the earth, and it is the most intact memorial building in China today. Both the Ritan and the Moon Altar were built by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty in nine years from 65438 to 0530. Ritan is located in the east of Beijing, also known as Asahi altar, which is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties sacrificed their ancestors "Sun God" on the vernal equinox every year. The Moon Altar, also known as the Late Moon Altar, is located in the west of Beijing. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties worship their ancestors "luminous gods" and the gods of stars in the sky on the day of the autumnal equinox every year.

Sacrifice to heaven, earth, sun and moon is a long-standing custom in the history of China. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, the heaven, the earth, the sun and the moon offering sacrifices to ancestors had become a system. During the Warring States Period, Qin Shihuang once worshipped the sun in Weishan (the corner of Rongcheng, Shandong Province) and the moon in Laishan (Ye County, Shandong Province). During the reign of Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, the ancestor of heaven and earth was built in the southern suburb of Chang 'an, the capital city at that time, and "worshipping Dongjun" was built to worship the sun. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a vernal equinox in the eastern suburbs to worship the god of heaven and earth, and its name still exists. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty built large-scale special buildings to worship the heavens, the earth, the sun and the moon. Up to now, the folk in some parts of China still keep the custom of offering sacrifices to their ancestors "God of Heaven and Earth" during the Spring Festival, which shows that the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors, heaven and earth, the sun and the moon has a long history. Sacrifice to ancestors, heaven, earth, sun and moon is one of the grand ceremonies in ancient China, and it is an important event during the reign of emperors in past dynasties, which has always been highly valued.

1. The idea that ancient emperors and subjects worshipped heaven, earth, sun and moon came from Zhouyi.

"Zhouyi Shuo Gua" said: "Dry, heaven is also, so it is called father. Kun, the land is also, so it is called mother. " This means that the divination in the gossip represents heaven and is regarded as the father. Kungua represents the earth, and the earth is respected as the mother. Zhouyi said "cohesion": "Heaven and earth are in harmony, and everything is in harmony. Men and women construct essence, and all things are metaplasia. That is to say, "Yin and Yang blend between heaven and earth, everything can be changed, everything can be achieved, and everything can be changed by intercourse between Yin and Yang. "The preface to the Book of Changes says:" There is heaven and earth, and then everything is animistic. ..... There is heaven and earth followed by everything, everything followed by men and women, men and women followed by husband and wife, husband and wife followed by father and son, father and son followed by ministers, ministers followed by ups and downs, ups and downs followed by etiquette, all of which are wrong. "That is to say, the interaction of Yin and Yang of heaven and earth can produce everything, and everything can produce men and women, husband and wife, father and son, monarch and minister, up and down, and etiquette. Everything is inseparable from heaven and earth, which is the root of everything. Therefore, the ancients respected and worshipped heaven and earth very much, and formed a ritual system of offering sacrifices to ancestors regularly according to solar terms.

The Book of Changes also said: "Therefore, rigidity and softness grind, gossip swings, drums are Lei Huo, moistens them with wind and rain, and the sun and the moon run, one cold and one summer." "Every day, every month, the cold and summer are pushing each other, and the year is getting embarrassing." The ancients believed that the sun came, the moon left, and the sun and the moon pushed each other, resulting in day and night, light and darkness in the universe. It is the movement of the sun and the moon that produces Leng Xia heat in winter, from cold to hot in summer, from hot in summer to cold, and the mutual promotion of cold and heat produces the annual changes of four seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn and winter, resulting in year after year. The ancients believed that the sun and the moon were inseparable from the astronomical phenomena formed by years, which led to the custom of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon.

2. The Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan and Moon Altar were all built according to the orientation of Zhouyi in innate gossip.

Why did the ancient emperors build the Temple of Heaven in the south of the inner city of Beijing, the Ditan in the north, the Ritan in the east and the Moon Altar in the west? Its theoretical basis is innate gossip in Zhouyi.

Zhouyi Shuo Gua said: "Heaven and earth are positioned, mountains and rivers are ventilated, lightning is thin, fire and water are incompatible, and gossip is right and wrong." "Dry, masculine, Kun, feminine." According to this passage, the ancients put forward innate gossip Theory. According to the direction of innate gossip, it is divided into Gannan, Kunbei, Lidong, Kanxi, Dui Southeast, Gen Northwest, Zhenbei and Xunsouthwest.

The Book of Changes says: "Doing things for the sky is your father ... Kun is your mother", "Leaving the fire is your sky ... Talking about your water is your moon ..." It means that doing things is due south, Kun is your land is due north, leaving the sky is due east, and Kan is your moon is due west. The ancients believed that innate gossip's position was the original position of heaven, earth, sun and moon. In order to correspond the Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan and Moon Altar with the orientation of innate gossip, the ancients built the Temple of Heaven in the south, Ditan in the north, Ritan in the east and Moon Altar in the west according to the orientation of innate gossip. In the middle of the four altars is the Imperial Capital. It can be seen that the divinatory symbols represented by the altar of heaven, earth, sun and moon, together with the inner city of the old capital Beijing, constitute innate gossip City.

3. The architectural image characteristics of the Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan and Yuetan are also based on Zhouyi.

The architectural image of the Temple of Heaven is round, the altar is square, the altar is mainly round and the moon altar is square. Why is the Temple of Heaven round, Ditan Square round, Ritan Square round and Yuetan Square round? It turns out that this is also based on Zhouyi.

Zhouyi Shuo Gua says: "Dry Gua means the sky is round ... Kun means the earth ..." Zhouyi says in classical Chinese: "Kun is soft and firm, and he is quiet and virtuous ..." In other words, dry Gua means the sky is round, while Kun Gua means square. Accordingly, the ancients thought that the sky was round and the earth was square, and the sky seemed to be buckled on the earth like a cauldron. This is the origin of the ancient saying that the sky is round. According to the principle of Zhouyi, the ancient emperors built the Temple of Heaven into a circle and the altar into a square, in order to better communicate with heaven and earth and obtain the protection of the gods of heaven and earth. The main building of the Temple of Heaven is a three-story circular platform, with a round Taiji stone in the center of the table, nine round stones around the Taiji stone, and the wall under the dome is also round. The royal tombs where the tablets of gods and emperors' ancestors were stored were also round. The inner surface of the imperial vault is also round, and its center is a round stone surface. The first circle outside it is surrounded by fire blocks and round stones according to the eight diagrams, and the outer wall of the imperial vault is round. This is the famous echo wall. The top of the Hall of Prayer for the Year used by the emperor is a three-story circular building, and the ground in the Hall of Prayer for the Year is also a circular ground, with a round stone in the middle and fan-shaped stones arranged around it according to the gossip law. The base of the Hall of Prayer for the Year is also a three-story circular platform, and the outer wall of the Hall of Prayer for the Year is also round, and the northern part of the entire outer wall of the Temple of Heaven is also round. Therefore, the circle is a remarkable feature of the Temple of Heaven.

The altar in the Ditan is a two-story square building with square stones on the altar surface, square ditches around the stage and square two-story walls around the altar. It can be seen that the square is a prominent feature of Ditan architectural modeling.

"Zhouyi Shuo Gua" said: "If you leave, you will be clear. Everything meets, and southern divination is also ... water is also water, and divination is also north. " It's a day to stay away from the fire ... for divination. According to the orientation of the acquired gossip, the hexagrams are south and north, which are in the same position as the two hexagrams of Gankun in innate gossip. So the altar is round like the Temple of Heaven, and the altar is square like the Ditan. Now the shape of the altar is not what it used to be. According to the existing design scheme of Ming Zhongjing (Fengyang, Anhui) designed in the early Ming Dynasty, the altar is square, but the wall closely surrounding the altar is round.

4. The number in the sense of Temple of Heaven and Ditan accords with the principle of Zhouyi.

I ching said, "the first day, the second day, the third day, the fourth day, the fifth day, the sixth day, the seventh day, the eighth day and the ninth day. Five days, five places. Thrones have their own combinations. Five in twenty days, thirty in places and fifty in places. " According to this statement, one, three, five, seven and nine are odd and positive numbers, and two, four, six, eight and ten are even and negative numbers. The maximum number of positive numbers is 9, and the maximum number of negative numbers is 10, followed by 8. The Temple of Heaven is the sun, so the number of its connotation is the singular of the sun. For example, the Temple of Heaven Hill is built in three floors, with the top floor diameter of 9, the second floor diameter of 15 and the third floor diameter of 2 1 3. The top layer of altar surface is round, and there is a round stone in the center, which is called Taiji Stone. The first circle around Taiji Stone is surrounded by nine fan-shaped round stones, and the second circle is 1 m. The circular mound has 9 circles on the top floor, 9 circles on the second floor and 9 circles on the third floor. The steps between the three mounds are all Grade 9. The base of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year is three floors, and the top of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year is three floors. The Hall of Prayer for the New Year has 9 floors from the base to the top, which means the ninth heaven. The floor of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year is round, and its center is a round stone called the center stone. The first circle around it is composed of eight stones according to the eight diagrams, and the second circle is 16, which is arranged according to the mathematical law of fn=8n and has * * 9 circles. The ground of the palace is also round, with a round stone in the center. Eight fan-shaped stones are arranged in the first circle around it according to the general direction, and arranged into ***9 circles according to the mathematical law of fn=8n. Ditan is underground, and the number of Ditan buildings is even. For example, the altar in the central building of the Ditan is a square two-story building, with the upper altar surface size of 6x6 and the lower altar surface size of l0x 10, and the steps between the two floors are even 8 steps. The altar surface of the Ditan is composed of square stones. The center of the upper altar surface is 6x6=36 square stone, and its outer orientation is (8x8)x8=5 12 smaller square stone, while the lower altar surface is (8x8)x 16= 1024 square stone, and the outer wall of the altar is twice as heavy. The number of altars is odd. For example, the size of the altar on the first floor is 5x5, the height is 5 feet 9 inches, there are 9 steps, and there is a circular wall outside. The number of buildings in the Moon Altar is even, such as the size of the altar surface is 4x4, the height is 4 feet 6 inches and the steps are 6 steps. As can be seen from the above, the figures used in the architecture of the heaven, earth, sun and moon altar are in line with the Zhouyi principle.

5. Name the altar gate according to "Yuan, Heng, Reason and Truth" in Zhouyi.

There are four gates around the dome of the main building of the Temple of Heaven. The east gate is called Taiyuan Gate, the south gate is called Zhao Hengmen, the west gate is called Guanglimen, and the north gate is called Cheng Zhen Gate. The second word of these four names constitutes Yuan, Heng, Li and Zhen. Yuan Henry's chastity is the four virtues of divination in Zhouyi, and Zhouyi Classical Chinese says: "Yuan people are kind; Balance, the home will also; Those who benefit, the sum of righteousness; Chastity, it's done. A gentleman's benevolence is enough to grow people, a good society is enough to be polite, good things are enough to be harmonious and upright, and a solid character is enough to do things. A gentleman who practices these four virtues, so he says, "Fuck, Yuan Henry is true". The four doors around the Temple of Heaven are named after the word "Yuan Henry Zhen", which further shows that the Temple of Heaven was designed and built according to the principle of Zhouyi.

The Temple of Heaven covers an area of 273 hectares and the Ditan covers an area of 37 hectares. The Temple of Heaven is eight times bigger than the Ditan, which means that the Temple of Heaven is big and the Ditan is small. The hexagrams in the Book of Changes "Tai Gua" say: "From small to large, it is auspicious and prosperous", while the negative hexagrams say: "From large to small". According to the Book of Changes, the upper hexagram is Kun, the lower hexagram is dry, the lower hexagram is dry, and the lower hexagram is Kun. Doing things for the sun is as big as the sky, and Kun is as small as the earth. So the area of the Temple of Heaven is larger than the Ditan.

The inner city, imperial city and palace of the ancient capital Beijing are all designed and built according to the principle of Zhouyi.

1. Design the capital according to "Heaven, Earth and Man" in Zhouyi.

The Book of Changes said: "The Book of Changes is also a book, which is widely prepared. The way of heaven, the way of man and the way of authenticity. It is both three talents and two talents, so it is six talents. Sixth, if it is not, the way of three materials is also. " It means that the Book of Changes is vast and well-prepared, with three materials: heaven, man and Tao, and heaven, earth and man, which correspond in pairs, so one hexagram contains six paintings. Six paintings are nothing more than "heaven, earth, man and three materials". According to this passage, the ancients believed that there were "three talents of heaven and earth" in the universe, with heaven above and earth below, and man was the product of the intersection of heaven and earth. Therefore, on the land of China, the sky is in the south, the land is in the north, and people are between the north and the south.

According to this, Ming Chengzu built the Temple of Heaven in the south of the ancient capital Beijing and the Ditan in the north. The territory of Beijing lies between the two altars of heaven and earth. Another example is the imperial city of the ancient capital Beijing, with Tiananmen Square in the south and Di 'anmen Gate in the north. The imperial territory lies between Tiananmen Square and Di 'anmen Gate. For another example, the first gate in Gongnan was originally called Fengtianmen in the early Ming Dynasty, but it was changed to Taihe Gate in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The first door in the north of the palace is called Shunzhen Gate. According to Zhouyi, Kun is the earth, so Shunzhen Gate symbolizes the earth gate, and the palace in the palace is between Fengtianmen (Tianmen) and Shunzhen Gate (Wendi). Another example is the Three Halls of the Imperial Palace, with Gan Qing Gate in the south, Kunning Gate in the north and Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace in the middle. According to the Book of Changes, Gan Qing is heaven, Kunning is earth, and the three halls of the harem still live between heaven (Gan Qing) and earth (Kunning).

It can be seen that the ancients have understood the principle of "three talents of heaven and earth" from the Book of Changes and applied it to the construction of the capital city. The ancients designed the named buildings with the way of three talents of heaven, earth and people, with the aim of achieving the unity of heaven and earth, making people blessed with heaven and earth, making the country and people safe and the world peaceful.

2. Design the capital according to "innate gossip" and "The Eight Diagrams after Tomorrow" in Zhouyi.

The ancients thought that in innate gossip, Gannan, Kunbei, Lidong and Kanxi were called four positive directions, and the other four directions were called four corners. The ancients believed that innate gossip was in a harmonious and stable state of balance, with good and bad. Some buildings in the ancient capital Beijing are designed according to the orientation of innate gossip. For example, in the inner city of Beijing, there are Temple of Heaven in the south, Ditan in the north, Ritan in the east and Moon altar in the west. These are the four obvious positive directions in innate gossip. Another example is that the Imperial City has four gates, Tiananmen Square in the south, Di 'anmen in the north, Dong 'anmen in the east and Xi 'anmen in the west. As mentioned above, according to the orientation of innate gossip, the distance to the east is the sun, and the ridge to the west is the moon. So judging from the layout of Tiananmen Square and Di 'anmen Gate, this layout is still innate gossip. Another example is the Imperial Palace harem, with Gan Qing Gate in the south, Kunning Gate in the north, Rijing Gate in the east, Yuehua Gate in the west, and Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Hall and Kunning Palace in the middle, which are very typical four positive directions of innate gossip. The above situation strongly shows that the inner city of the ancient capital Beijing was built according to the orientation of innate gossip, and the imperial city was also built according to the orientation of innate gossip.

In addition to the buildings in innate gossip, some buildings in the palace are also designed and built according to the direction of the Book of Changes and the Eight Diagrams.

The orientation of the acquired gossip is: Kanbei, Lin 'an, Zhendong, Duixi, Northwest Gansu, Southwest Kunming, Northeast Gen and Southeast Xun.

The buildings in the inner city of the ancient capital Beijing are all designed and named according to the eight diagrams in the Book of Changes. They are four palace gates: the noon gate in the south, the fire gate in the afternoon, and the Shenwu gate in the north, formerly known as Xuanwu gate. In the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Kangxi's name, it was changed to Shenwumen, where the Xuan was black, the water was black, and Xuanwu was the location of the water in the north; The east gate is East Huamen, the east is Zhenzuomu, the west is Xihuamen, and the west is Gold Exchange. It can be seen from the noon fire in the south gate of the palace and the Xuanwu in the north gate that the four palace gates are named according to the orientation of the acquired gossip.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were 1 1 city gates and three east gates, which were called Guangxi Gate, Chongren Gate and Qihua Gate. The earthquake is that the east is wood for benevolence, and Xun is "qi" for wood; The three doors of the south gate are called Wenming Gate, Lili Main Gate and Shuncheng Gate. Being far away from the south means beauty and civilization, so "Li" and "Ming" symbolize that the south is far away from fire. Ximen Sanmen said "Ping is the door", asking righteousness to clear the door, and exchanging righteousness for western coolness, so "righteousness" and "Su" symbolize western coolness for gold; The North Gate and the Second Gate are called Jiande Gate and Anzhen Gate. "Zhouyi? Say hexagrams: "The water is also in the dark, and the northern hexagrams are also exhausted. Everything belongs to it, so it is called exhaustion." In other words, the northern divination is the place where everything needs to return from fatigue, so it is "An", and "An" symbolizes Kanshui, so Anzhen Gate is the northern divination. As can be seen from the above, the names of the gates in the Yuan Dynasty were basically named after the gossip of the next day.

3. The thought of "middle" and "right" in Zhouyi and "middle is right" in the palace.

Zhouyi especially advocates "zhong" and "yi" "Zhouyi Classical Chinese" said: "Big and dry, vigorous and upright, precise and precise". It means great, dry and strong, and "in the middle", which can be described as pure and exquisite. "Classical Chinese" also said: "Ninety-two: See the dragon in the field, benefit my Lord, what is it?" Confucius said, "The dragon is virtuous and righteous." It means 92, seeing the dragon in the field, Lord Li. What does this mean? Confucius said: the dragon is a virtuous adult, "both right and middle".

The ancient emperors believed that the emperor, as the son of the emperor, should be vigorous and powerful, the emperor was the head of a country, the capital was the ruling center of the country, the palace was the place where the emperor sat in the government, and the emperor should "sit in the middle" to show his dignity. Therefore, the emperor built the Forbidden City on the central axis of the ancient capital Beijing.

As we know, the ancient capital Beijing has a north-south central axis, namely Yongdingmen, Zhengyin Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Wumen Gate, Shenwumen Gate, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. The ancient city of Beijing is centered on the central axis, and the east and west regions are symmetrical. This design is also based on Zhouyi. Zhouyi has always emphasized the balance of yin and yang, making everything harmonious. The ancient emperor sat in the south of the capital. In the emperor's view, the east is on the left and the west is on the right. Only when Dongcheng and the Western Regions are symmetrical can Yin and Yang be balanced, and the balance of Yin and Yang will make everything harmonious. Therefore, the shape of the ancient capital city is symmetrical, the gates are symmetrical, and some place names are also symmetrical. Such as Dongdan, Xidan, Dongsi, Xisi, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Dongbianmen, Xibianmen, Zuoanmen and Youanmen.

4. See the leading role of Zhouyi in the design of ancient capital from the names of three palaces.

In the center of the central axis of the palace, there are three largest and most important halls in the palace, namely the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe. In front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there is Taihe Gate in the south, Concord Gate in the east and Xihe Gate in the west. Behind the three halls are three palaces, namely Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, with Gan Qing Gate in the south and Kunning Gate in the north. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the place where the new emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties ascended the throne. It is also the place where the emperor awarded the title of queen and sent generals out. It is also the place where the emperor held ceremonies and hundreds of officials greeted the New Year, the winter solstice, the emperor's birthday and other major national celebrations every year. After the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is a place where the emperor temporarily waits for the court time before holding a ceremony, and then goes to the Hall of Supreme Harmony after receiving congratulations from hundreds of officials. Baohe Hall is behind Zhonghe Hall, where the emperor celebrates the titles of queen, crown prince and minister. Gan Qing Palace, the harem, is the main hall of the harem, the living room of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the place where emperors usually handle daily activities and government affairs. Every year, on New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, winter solstice and the emperor's birthday, the emperor holds a royal banquet here. Jiaotai Hall is the place where the queen receives congratulations on every grand ceremony and birthday after the Qing Palace. After Jiaotai Hall, Kunning Palace is the queen's bedroom and the emperor's wedding room.

From the use, activities and building scale of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe, the Hall of Baohe, the harem of Gan Qing, the Hall of Jiaotai and the Palace of Kunning in the previous dynasties, we can see that the three halls of the previous dynasties and the three palaces of the Imperial Palace are the most important palaces in the imperial palace, where the emperor held major events, and also the central buildings in the palace. Such an important palace and its gates are named after the words "Harmony", "Zhonghe", "Baohe", "Taihe", "Sheikh", Xihe, Gan Qing and Kunning, which shows the importance of the words "Harmony", "dryness" and "Kun" in the emperor's mind. The word "Taihe" is taken from Xianggan in Zhouyi, and "Gan" and "Kun" are the names of the first two hexagrams in Zhouyi. "Do you like it? Dry "said:" The road changes, each for his own life. Just keep peace and harmony. " It means that the law that the avenue is the sky is always changing. Everything bred in this change is correctly determined according to its essential laws, the life and nature of the universe are preserved, the great harmony of nature is maintained, and everything develops and changes normally along the established life track. Harmony means harmony, harmony means harmony, harmony means concerted efforts, and harmony means balance of yin and yang. Only harmony can unite up and down, unite as one, only harmony can make the world peaceful, the people live and work in peace and contentment, and only harmony can make the emperor and the country last forever.

The "dry" in Gan Qing Palace means that the sky is light and clear, and the "Kun" in Kunning Palace means that the dry land is the monarch. "Doing it clearly" means that the monarch is always "upright and wise"; Kun is the mother of the earth, "Kun Ning" means that the queen is always "quiet and upright", and "making love" means that dry and Kun intersect and heaven and earth intersect, which means that everything is born safely.

5. The architectural image of Beijing City accords with Zhouyi.

Except for some symbolic altars, all the triple city in the ancient capital Beijing are square. For example, in Jin Dynasty, the cities in Jin Zhongdu were square, while in Yuan Dynasty they were mostly rectangular. In Ming Dynasty, the inner city, outer city and imperial city were all square. In a word, the square is the characteristic of the ancient capital Beijing urban construction, and it is also the characteristic of the ancient northern urban construction. Why did the ancient capital build a square? According to the Zhouyi River Map and the Eight Diagrams principle, the east is wood, the south is fire, the west is gold, the north is water, and the land is the center. The emperor sits in the middle, and the five elements belong to middle earth. As I said before, Kundi is the mother party. In order to make the central place consistent with the characteristics of Kundi Square, the capital city, imperial city and imperial palace have all been built into squares. There are three halls in the palace, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are the places where the emperor handled important affairs of the dynasty. The three halls of the previous dynasty were all built on three-tier bases, and the three-tier bases of the three halls were connected into one. What is particularly significant is that the three-layer pedestal forms an "earth" shape from north to south and from top to bottom, and the word "earth" is "in the middle". This just shows that the royal family thinks that they are "middle-earth" and that "middle-earth" should always be "center-right".

6. Zhouyi and the color decoration of palace buildings

The royal buildings in the ancient capital Beijing all have specific colors. For example, the roof of the palace is yellow sulfur glass brick, the walls of the palace are red, and the soil of the altar is colored soil.

As mentioned earlier, the royal family belongs to Middle-earth. According to the five elements principle of Zhouyi, the soil is yellow. The ancients thought that yellow was a positive and noble color, so all royal buildings used yellow, which is the special color of royal buildings. Seen from a height, this palace is a magnificent world.

There are two explanations for the red color of the palace walls. First, red is fire, and fire gives birth to middle earth. The palace wall is decorated with red, which is the ground for fire, so the royal family has a solid foundation and strong support. Second, the word "Ming" in the Ming Dynasty means light or fire, and the meaning of the red palace wall is consistent with the red color of "Ming" fire. In addition, Ming Taizu's surname is Zhu, and red is also, and red is fire. The red wall also shows that Zhu is the surname of the Ming Dynasty.

The use of five-color soil in Ming and Qing dynasties is completely based on Zhouyi. According to Zhouyi, the soil in the south is red, the soil in the north is black, the soil in the east is blue, the soil in the west is white, and the soil in the middle is yellow. The emperor collected different colors of soil in the southeast, northwest and three directions of China, indicating that the land in China belonged to the royal family, and prayed for good weather and abundant crops by offering sacrifices to ancestors.

To sum up, the principle of Zhouyi is an important idea followed by the design and naming of the ancient capital Beijing, the imperial city and the harem. Only by studying the ancient capital of China along the context of Zhouyi can we find the real answer.