How much do you know about the solar terms of mango?

Mango is the ninth solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar and the third solar term in summer, which indicates the official start of the summer season. When the sun reaches 75 degrees of the yellow meridian, it passes the mans solar term. The literal meaning of awn seed is "the wheat with awn is harvested quickly, and the rice with awn can be planted". "The Moon Order is seventy-two waiting for Ji Jie": "The May Festival means that there are awns in the valley." At this time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China will enter the rainy Huangmei season.

Climatic characteristics

There is abundant rainfall, and the temperature rises obviously in the awning season. Common weather disasters include tornadoes, hail, strong winds, heavy rains and droughts.

It is rainy along the river in the tent season, and the Huanghuai Plain is about to enter the rainy season. The southeast monsoon rain belt in South China is stable, and it is the season with the most precipitation in a year. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have entered the rainy season one after another, with more rainy days, more rainfall, less sunshine and sometimes lower temperatures. Southwest China has also entered the rainy season of the year since June. At this time, the hail weather in the southwest and western plateau areas began to increase.

Behind the scenes, the monsoon rain belt in southeastern South China is stable, which is the season with the most precipitation in a year. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have entered the rainy season one after another, with more rainy days, more rainfall, less sunshine and sometimes lower temperatures. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote the poem "After planting awns, rain accumulates to quench thirst": "Merlin has crossed nine rivers, and the sea is vast. The farmland in Liangkuwu is wet and full of catkins every year. " Painted a picture of a rainy day, the river is full of ditches, and farmers braved the cold and covered with cotton wool to sow seedlings.

Mang Zhong Zhong Zhong

During this period, except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the northernmost part of Heilongjiang, people in most areas can generally feel the summer heat. Nenjiang River is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. During the 30 years from 197 1 to 2000, the hottest day (37. 1℃) appeared in the awning period.

In June, whether in the south or the north, there is the possibility of high temperature above 35℃. High temperature weather above 40℃ may occur in Huanghuai area and the eastern part of northwest China, but it is generally not continuous high temperature. In China's southern provinces of Taiwan Province, Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, the average temperature in June is around 28℃. If it was before the thunderstorm, the air humidity was high, and it was really stuffy and hot. Sometimes it is necessary to issue a high temperature forecast to the public to remind people to prevent heatstroke, air conditioning disease and acute gastroenteritis.

Mangzhong agriculture

Do it at the right time.

For most parts of China, harvesting in summer sowing in summer, sowing in summer and harvesting in autumn, managing spring seeds, and crossing harvesting, planting and management are the busiest seasons of the year. In the Yangtze River valley, "transplanting rice seedlings and cutting wheat at both ends are busy", and in North China, "harvesting wheat and planting beans is not enough", which is really "ear planting".

Everything is very busy. Wheat has short maturity and strong harvest time. The change of weather has a great influence on the final yield of wheat. At this time, it is rainy along the Yangtze River, and the Huanghuai Plain is about to enter the rainy season. If there is continuous rain, strong wind and hail before and after the awning, and the wheat can't be harvested, threshed and stored in time, it will lead to the lodging, grain dropping, germination and mildew of the ear, "rotten wheat field" and destroy the crops in front of us.

The agricultural proverb "harvesting wheat is like putting out a fire, and taking grain from Longkou" vividly illustrates the tense atmosphere in the wheat harvest season. We should seize every favorable opportunity to cut, transport and fight. "Spring competes for the sun, and summer competes for the time." Generally speaking, the sowing date of summer crops should be as early as possible after wheat harvest to ensure sufficient growth period before autumn.

A large number of experiments and production practices show that the yield of summer soybean, summer corn, summer sweet potato and other crops decreases obviously with the delay of sowing (planting) period, and those that are sown too late can not even mature and get no benefit. "The weight of potatoes planted on the awn is 10 Jin, and potatoes are planted on the roots of sunlight in the summer solstice." "Planting beans is not afraid of early, and it will rain soon after planting wheat." After the wheat harvest, we should pay close attention to sowing and sowing. Time is output. Even in the face of drought, we should actively fight drought and sow, and we must not passively wait for the rain and miss the opportunity. "Mang seeds are busy, but seedlings are late", and seedling raising of double-cropping late rice in southern China should be carried out quickly, and special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rice thrips and other pests and diseases. There is still not much rain in the northeast and northwest regions, so winter and spring wheat should be watered and topdressed in time to do a good job in late growth management. Summer tea has been harvested in most tea-growing areas. Because of the high temperature, the buds grow fast and are easy to grow rough and old, so they should be picked in time and carefully processed to improve the quality.

In the awning season, crops such as rice and cotton grow vigorously and need a lot of water. Moderate plum rains are very beneficial to agricultural production. In the years when the plum rains are too late or too little or even "empty plum blossoms", crops will be threatened by drought. However, if the rainy days are too early, too many rainy days and too few long-term rainy days, it will also have a negative impact on agricultural production, especially if the rainfall is too concentrated or heavy rain will cause floods. The agricultural proverb "polder fields are easy to plow, and May worries" reflects the worries of farmers in the old society who have extremely low disaster resistance about the disaster caused by plum rains. When everything is busy, flood control and disaster relief work must not be relaxed.

At this point, the wheat harvest season in Sichuan basin has passed, and the transplanting of mid-season rice and sweet potato is coming to an end. In most areas, the mid-season rice has entered the green stage, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. The poem "The east wind dyed 3,000 hectares, and the herons kept coming and going" vividly described the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. In the awning season, the medium rice that has not been transplanted in the basin should be planted quickly; If it is postponed again, the vegetative growth period of rice will be shortened due to the increase of temperature, and the growth period will be easily affected by drought and diseases and insect pests, and the yield will inevitably be low. Osmunda japonica should be transplanted before summer at the latest; If sowing is too late, not only the drought will worsen, but also the temperature will drop in Qiu Lai, which is not conducive to the expansion of potato chips and the yield will be significantly reduced. This is the truth of the agricultural proverb "busy planting".

Millet is a gramineous plant with the shortest growth period. Early-maturing varieties can mature in 80 days, even late-maturing varieties can mature in less than 100 days. This is the last crop planted in autumn. Therefore, when there is no rain in North China and other crops miss the solar term, they can make up for it and get a good harvest. Under normal circumstances, when millet is sown, the seeds can also mature, but the growth period of millet is longer than that of millet, which may suffer from freezing injury, so it is said that "millet seeds are in a hurry".

"Busy" species are everywhere

Mango is a very busy solar term. Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia are "busy planting seeds and breeding them in the summer to the valley of the sun". Guangdong is "the awn is planted and the summer heat is heavy (referring to transplanted plants again)". Jiangxi is "no seedling three days before planting, no seedling three days after planting". Guizhou is "it is useless to plant awns if you don't plant them." Fujian is "planting awn, good indica rice, super awn and good glutinous rice". Jiangsu is "the mountain is the treasure, and the summer solstice is the grass". Shanxi is "mango, mango, everything". "Millet is urgently planted in the valley". Sichuan and Shaanxi are "busy farmers in front of the tent and busy planting beans behind the tent". As can be seen from the above farming, China is busy planting crops from south to north through the ear planting festival, and the busy farming season has reached a climax.

Overview of agriculture

The awn seeds indicate the maturity of summer crops such as wheat and the busiest planting season. In normal years, plum blossom begins in mid-June. The period from awn seed to summer solstice is the busy climax of sowing, transplanting, seedling management of autumn harvest crops and all-round entry into summer harvest, summer sowing and summer sowing.

Overview of agriculture

First, timely harvest crops such as wheat, broad beans and peas that mature in summer to achieve high yield and bumper harvest.

Second, re-apply corn fruit fertilizer in the first half and the second half of the year, and do a good job in preventing root fall and corn borer.

Third, spraying medicine on the middle rice seedling field and transplanting it in the middle and late stage; Direct seeding rice and seedling throwing rice are used to control rice weevil, and early field planting is used to control Chilo suppressalis and leaf blast.

Fourth, weeding in intertillage cotton, managing bud stage well, preventing and controlling pests such as blind stinkbug, cotton aphid and red spider, topdressing organic fertilizer and striving for more peaches; Transform the drainage system of cotton field to prevent rain and waterlogging.

Fifth, in the first half and the second half of the year, summer soybeans, peanuts and spring soybeans should be planted, and flower and pod fertilizers should be applied. Spring sweet potato topdressing, intertillage weeding, ridging and replanting; Cut summer sweet potato. Apply mint brake fertilizer.

Sixth, sow cowpea, amaranth, Chinese cabbage and other vegetables; Strengthen the field management of eggplant, melon and bean vegetables, control pests and diseases, harvest and market, and keep seeds.

Seventh, strengthen the epidemic prevention of livestock and poultry in summer, raise and manage adult fish, cut mulberry fields and apply summer fertilizer in summer, overhaul river and sea dike projects and irrigation and drainage machinery, and pay attention to flood control and drought prevention.