Connotation of lung indication section

"On the Secret Code of Mausoleum and Orchid" said: "The lung is the official of the government, and there is no way to rule the festival." Complementary, also known as auxiliary; People who manage festivals have the power to manage and adjust. Although the heart is the master of the five internal organs and the power of the gods, it must rely on the assistance of the lungs to maintain the normal physiological activities of the internal organs. Neijing compares the lung to the phase of a country, and summarizes its physiological characteristics by "treating the knot". Later people call it: pulmonary knuckles.

A pair of hearts governing blood for abstinence.

The human body is nourished by blood, and the normal physiological function of viscera is maintained by its circulation. The reason why blood can circulate repeatedly in the whole body is because it is promoted by heart qi and heart yang, and helps the heart to distribute and run blood inside and outside by the declaration of lung qi. The heart is the "official of the monarch" and the driving force of blood operation; The lungs are "complementary" and play an auxiliary role in promoting blood circulation. Lung governs qi, qi circulates blood, lung governs qi and heart governs blood; Qi belongs to yang and blood belongs to yin; Qi dominates, while blood dominates quietness. The operation of blood must rely on the promotion of qi. Therefore, Bing Wang pointed out that "Qi is blood flow" and "Lin Yisheng's Pulse Sutra" also said: "Blood depends on Qi, and Qi is the movement of blood, and when Qi stops, blood stops". The lung faces a hundred pulses, and it is directly related to many meridians in structure, which is also the structural basis of lung assisting the heart to promote blood circulation. The blood of the whole body is gathered in the lungs through the meridians, and gas is exchanged through the breathing of the lungs, and then fresh blood is distributed throughout the body. Zhao Xianke's "Medical Penetration" pointed out: "The heart is under the lungs, and the heart is the lungs. The lungs are clear and the following is perfusion. " To sum up, for the normal operation of blood, besides the promotion of heart qi, the auxiliary function of lung qi is also very important.

Treatment of two pairs of respiratory movements

It is mainly reflected in two aspects: ① Under normal circumstances, the ratio of respiratory rhythm to pulse rhythm is formed by lung-attending nodes 1∶4. Su Wenping's Theory of Meteorology says: "When a person breathes his pulse, he will move again." If this regulatory function of the lung is abnormal, it will lead to abnormal respiratory movement and symptoms such as cough and wheezing. For example, in Su Wen's Time Theory of Qi-storing Method, it is said: "People with lung diseases cough and asthma." "Lingshu Five Readings and Five Ambassadors" said: "People with lung diseases have a wheezing nose." "Soul Pivot" said: "Lung qi deficiency is not conducive to nasal congestion and shortness of breath, but in fact breathing and drinking are full of breath." ② Adjust the rhythm and depth of breathing to meet the needs of physical changes. In some cases, when the human body's demand for purified natural gas increases or the polluted gas to be discharged from the lungs increases, the lungs will adjust the breathing movement accordingly to deepen and accelerate it. The lungs regulate the rhythm and depth of breathing, so that the body can adapt to the special changes of the external environment in a limited way.

Synthesis and distribution of three pairs of gases

Zongqi is the combination of Shui Gu's subtle and natural clear qi, that is, Shui Gu's subtle is transported from the spleen, and part of it is combined with the clear qi inhaled by the lung to form Zongqi in the lung. Because the lung provides the necessary clearing gas and place for the generation of ancestral qi, under normal circumstances, the synthesis of ancestral qi can always meet the needs of the body through the treatment of the lung. After the ancestral qi is produced, it is distributed in the chest pulse. Those that spread in the chest accumulate and do not disperse, becoming the motive force of lung breathing. "Ling Shu Wu Wei" said: "Qi turns into invalid qi, accumulates in the chest, which is called the sea of qi, starting from the lungs and following the throat, so it is called." Zongqi distributed in veins promotes blood movement in meridians. For example, "Soul Pivot Stabs the True Evil" says: "The blood in the pulse is stagnant because the ancestral spirit is stagnant." Because the ancestral qi is produced in the lung, its distribution can be properly and orderly distributed in the chest and veins through the treatment of the lung, giving full play to the functions of breathing and blood circulation.

Stephy Bu San Zhi Jie four pairs

The lung can transmit the defensive qi from the exterior to the stomach skin and from the interior to the chest and abdomen viscera. Through treatment, it can adjust the internal and external distribution of the defensive qi, keep it adapted to the needs of the body, and play a role in warming, resisting evil and keeping the body temperature constant. When the xuanhua function of lung's main defense is reduced or abnormal, the body shows low anti-evil ability and is susceptible to exogenous diseases.

Five pairs of treatment of body fluid distribution

The expansion and decline of the lung promotes the outward, upward and downward distribution of body fluid, and also regulates the distribution of body fluid everywhere. The water-liquid metabolism of human body is completed by the cooperation of lung, spleen, kidney, triple energizer and bladder. It is one of the important links of lung governing qi and regulating waterways. Because it enters the stomach, transports from the spleen to the lungs, regulates the fluid through the lung qi, nourishes the whole body and releases the bladder meridian. For example, Su Wen's Theory of Differentiation of Classics says: "If you drink into the stomach, you will overflow the essence; if you drink into the spleen, your temper will disperse the essence; if you drink into the lungs, you will cross the waterway and lose your bladder." Therefore, there is a saying that "the lung is the source of water god" in later generations.

Six pairs of zang-fu organs and qi-moving organs for treating stagnation

Qi movement, that is, the ascending and descending movement of qi, is the characteristic of functional activities of viscera. The function of lung governing zang-fu organs and qi-flowing is mainly realized through its propaganda and health promotion. It is declared that the hair is ascending and the depression is descending, which affects the ascending and descending of some viscera and qi. For example, the health of the lungs has a certain restrictive effect on the ascending function of liver qi, so that the ascending function of liver qi is moderate, not too unfavorable; It can significantly promote the function of clearing away heat and lowering stomach, especially the downward discharge of dregs in large intestine. Clinically, patients with weakened lung function are often accompanied by symptoms of dry stool, but it is difficult to struggle. Another example is dispersing the lung, which can make Shui Gu's subtle qi-nourishing, qi-defending and body fluid reach the whole body from the upper jiao, thus promoting the function of clearing the spleen and making "spleen-qi dispersing essence, reaching the lung" unimpeded. In addition, the release of lung can promote the gasification of kidney, which is beneficial to urine excretion. Therefore, if urination is unfavorable in clinic, there is a method of lifting the lid of the pot, which is the method of dispersing lung and diuresis.

Traditionally, the difference between arterial blood and main venous blood is only limited to the difference of oxygen and carbon dioxide content, so the words "the lung faces a hundred pulses and attends the festival" and "water diversion channel" in traditional Chinese medicine are abstract and difficult to understand. However, in recent years, it has been found that some chemical components in systemic venous blood increase or decrease obviously after pulmonary circulation, indicating that the lung has the function of synthesizing, activating, decomposing and releasing some bioactive substances, which is also called the metabolic function of the lung. These are just as "Ling Shu Jue Qi" said, "Focus on coke development, announce the taste of five grains, smoke the skin to replenish the body, polish the hair, and irrigate if the fog is exposed." Recent studies have proved that pulmonary vascular endothelial cells contain an invertase, which can convert angiotensin I without vasoconstrictive activity into angiotensin II with vasoconstrictive activity. When the content of angiotensin increases, there is also a carboxypeptidase that decomposes angiotensin I in the lung, which can excessively prevent the formation of angiotensin II. It is considered that the changes of angiotensin I converting enzyme and carboxypeptidase activity may be one of the factors that affect the level of angiotensin II and lead to the change of blood pressure. In addition, modern medical research has proved that the pulmonary vascular bed is very easy to expand, and the number is huge, and the total blood volume in and out of the pulmonary circulation can change by up to 200ml, so the pulmonary vascular bed and the left ventricle can be regarded as the blood reservoir of the left ventricle. If necessary, the circulating blood volume should be supplemented, which is also consistent with the lung facing the pulse and the attending section. The lung can also produce some chemicals for local or systemic use, such as alveolar active substances with important physiological functions; 5- hydroxytryptamine and histamine can cause bronchial contraction, stimulate some sensory nerve endings, and cause lung or cardiopulmonary reflex; Bradykinin, prostaglandin, heparin, etc. It is released under certain conditions and affects the activities of other organs. The lung decomposes or deactivates many substances, the significance of which is to prevent these substances from entering the systemic circulation and affecting the activities of other organs. In recent years, it has been found that respiratory epithelial cells, alveolar septal cells and smooth muscle of great vein of lung have the functions of synthesizing, secreting and metabolizing atrial natriuretic peptide, while atrial natriuretic peptide has the function of excreting sodium and diuresis. As Su Wen's theory of meridian differentiation says, "Water and fluid go up to the lung, pass through the channel of water, and go down to the bladder meridian. Water and essence are distributed in four places, and the five internal organs are parallel".

To sum up, in recent years, the research results of western medicine on the non-respiratory function of lung show that lung is not a simple respiratory organ, but also has other non-respiratory functions. It can regulate the circulating blood volume in metabolism by manufacturing, decomposing or inactivating a variety of important chemical active substances, and affect systemic metabolic functions such as blood pressure, water and electrolytes. This is consistent with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine that the lung is close to the pulse, participating in the festival, diverting water and benefiting the officials. These achievements have reference value for us to deepen the basic research and clinical research of TCM lung, and will also help western colleagues to understand the theory of TCM. Of course, it is not advisable to simply equate the two or completely deny them.