What are the scientific tips on the calendar?

1. Calendar type:

① Gregorian calendar: based on period of revolution.

(2) Lunar calendar: based on the cycle of moon phase change.

(3) lunar calendar: combining the period of the earth's revolution around the sun with the period of the moon's phase change.

2. Calendars in China include solar calendar and lunar calendar. The Gregorian calendar (including the week of year, month and day) belongs to the solar calendar, the lunar calendar (including the solar terms of year, month and day) belongs to the lunar calendar, and the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar belong to the solar calendar.

3. Leap year: A year divisible by 4 is a leap year, and a century year divisible by 400 is a leap year. The Gregorian calendar has 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year (97 out of 400 years is a leap year and 303 is a normal year), 28 days in a normal year and 29 days in a leap year.

4. Twenty-four solar terms: In ancient China, the cycle of changing seasons was divided into twenty-four segments, and each segment (about 15 days) was called a solar term, which belonged to the solar calendar and played a guiding and forecasting role in people's production and life.

Common sense of China lunar calendar

(1) festivals during the twenty-four solar terms.

The 24 solar terms, namely, beginning of spring, Rain, Surprise, Spring Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Slight Summer, Great Summer, beginning of autumn, Early Summer, Millennium, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Early Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold, are all based on the sun in the ecliptic.

② Seventy-two symptoms

The weather lasts for five days, 365 days a year (73 days on average). In order to correspond to the 24 solar terms, it is stipulated that three days are one day (gas) and a year is 72 days.

Each climate corresponds to a phenological phenomenon called "waiting". The "weather" of weather should include abiotic and biotic. The former includes "the water begins to dry up", "the east wind thaws", "the rainbow begins to see" and "the ground begins to freeze". The latter includes animals and plants, such as "the swan goose comes", "the tiger begins to make love", "Ping begins to live", "Bitter vegetable show" and "the peach blossom begins to bloom".

The seventy-two changes originated very early and played a certain role in agricultural activities. Although some phenological descriptions are not so accurate and some are unscientific, they still have certain reference value for understanding the climate and its changes in ancient North China. Because the initial unit of phenology at that time was small and the actual climate and region were quite different, it was difficult to be widely used. Now that the phenology of the Yellow River basin has changed, the phenology of other areas is even more different. We must constantly develop phenology and formulate a new natural calendar, otherwise it is impossible to mechanically copy ancient books.

(3) How many dragons control the water

According to the date of the first day of the first month of each year (Chen is a dragon). For example, the fifth day of the first month is called "Five Dragons Governing Water", and the sixth day is called "Six Dragons Governing Water", and so on. It is said that the more dragons, the less rainfall, and the less dragons, the more rainfall. Since ancient times, there has been a folk proverb that "it doesn't rain when there are many dragons".

A few cows are ploughing the land.

The first ugly day of each year (ugly is a cow) is on the first day of the first month, that is, "a few cows plow the field." The more cattle, the better. The more, the better.

⑤ orientation map of the gods and explanatory text.

Take Wu Geng in 1990 as an example, and its text description is as follows: (1) Ding Youbing, the sixth son of the fifth son of Jimao, a traditional sacrificial victim, avoided murder when he was buried; On 1999, the third evil spirit occupied Dingba Mountain from Fanhairenzi in northern Huang Wu, avoiding all other mountains. Putting Wang Mingqing said that the heavenly stems belong to gold, the earthly branches belong to fire, and Yin Na belongs to earth. Years of virtue are in Geng, and years of virtue are in B. ...

China Lunar New Year Daily Catalogue.

Calendar is the most miscellaneous, and the real "hodgepodge" is reflected here, which mainly includes: Gregorian date; Zhou; Seasons of the day (such as the first quarter moon, the twenty-four solar terms, the new moon, various festivals, etc.). ); Good luck that day, fierce; The first few days of the lunar calendar; Main branch; Xing Wu, Yin Na; Gossip; Daily divination; Worth nine planets; 28 stars; Twelve straight; Should be avoided on the same day; Rush to that day; Fetal god day; Good luck, bad luck, etc. The contents listed in the arrangement order of a certain edition of the yellow calendar are briefly described as follows:

① Good or bad luck of a day: It's an unlucky day when the evil spirits are on duty in the year, the month, the new moon, the four departures and the four wonders, no matter what other evil spirits are nearby. The rest days are judged to be safe or auspicious according to the twelve zodiac signs, the twenty-eight stars and various evil spirits.

(2) Construction, division, filling, leveling, determination, holding, breaking, danger, success, customs clearance, opening and customs clearance are twelve satellites; The horn, sound, rafters, house, heart and tail are 28 stars (see articles "Lucky Day of the Zodiac" and "Twenty-eight Stars"); Jiazi, picnic, bingyin, etc. It is the date of the day's dry branches (some have also pledged the words "gold", "fire" or "gold in the sea" and "fire in the furnace", all of which are the five elements of the day's dry branches).

(3) Chaotian Guan, Noon West God, Rilu God, Tianyi Youshi, and Fu Wei Xing God are all the contents of God when the sun is dry, and they are precious when the sun is dry that day. Due to the limited space in the Yellow Calendar, only one of them is listed.

(4) The auspicious gods "Wang Ri", "Yao An", "Post Horse" and "Weather" and the evil gods "Moon Break" and "Sky Fire" all belong to the deities of the lunar system.

⑤ Appropriate "marriage, sacrifice, travel, breaking ground" and taboo "medical treatment and word litigation" are the contents of the day, inferred from the twelve constellations, twenty-eight stars and your evil spirits.

⑥ Wash evil spirits every day: for example, "Wash monkeys, you are afraid of the north at the age of four" and "Wash chickens, you are afraid of the west at the age of four".

"Chong" means that the earthly branches collide, that is, the meridian collides, the ugliness does not collide, Shen Yin collides, You Mao collides, Chen Xu collides, Hayes collides, and then the twelve earthly branches are matched with the zodiac, that is, rats, ugly cows, silver tigers, rabbits, dragons, snakes, afternoon horses, sheep, monkeys and unitary horses. Therefore, every Children's Day, and noon rush, are "rushing horses"; Yin Ri and Shen, or "Running Monkey" Huang Li, set up this section to tell people not to choose those days that conflict with their genus.

The old goblin who often lives in the four seasons has become the "Yin Qi of the four seasons". It is extremely vicious and can go to heaven, but it is not allowed to drill, repair camps or migrate. If you accidentally violate this point, your offspring and livestock will be hurt. However, the location of the old evil spirit is easy to find. From the second day, due south, retrograde east, one person a day, four days a week, and so on.

⑦ The "Purple and White Nine-Star Square Map" of that day (some are the maps of the Moon, the Sun, Venus, Luo Wei, Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter and nine planets, Du Ji).

8 "Nothing at noon" and "Nothing at dawn" and so on. Refer to the article "Good Days and Good Times from the Sun".

Pet-name ruby finally is the auspicious and intense time of the day.

The words "zi ping, ugly luck, sinister" are all inferred from the sun gods (Rilu, Xishen, Wubu, etc.). ), sun gods (Rijian, Rihe, Rima, Sunbreak, Sun Disaster, Sun Punishment and the Zodiac gods, such as Qinglong, Tang Ming, Tianxun and Suzaku) and other gods (Xunkong, etc.).