Qingming sentiment 300 words

Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional folk festival in China, and it is one of the eight important festivals (Shangyuan, Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve). Generally speaking, it is on April 5 in the solar calendar, but its festival is very long. There are two kinds of sayings: eight days before the tenth day and ten days after the tenth day, and these 20 days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day. It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the "grave-sweeping" ceremony of ancient emperors and generals. Later, people followed suit, and it became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation to worship ancestors and sweep graves on this day. Originally, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day were two different festivals. In the Tang Dynasty, the day of sweeping graves was designated as the Cold Food Festival. The correct date of the Cold Food Festival is from winter to the future 105, around Tomb-Sweeping Day. Because the two dates are almost the same, Tomb-Sweeping Day and cold food are merged into one day! The custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves in front of graves originated very early in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people attached great importance to tombs. Mencius and Qi People in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period also mentioned a person who was laughed at by Qi people. He often went to the tomb of Dongguo to beg for offerings from the tomb, which showed that sweeping graves was very popular during the Warring States period. When I arrived in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, I designated cold food sweeping the grave as one of the "five rituals". Therefore, whenever Tomb-Sweeping Day comes, "the fields and roads are crowded with scholars and women, and the servants and beggars of soap merchants get their parents' graves." (Liu Zongyuan's Book with Xu Jingzhao) Grave sweeping has become an important social custom. In spring, when it is still cold, it is forbidden to make a fire to eat cold food, for fear that some old, weak women and children can't stand the cold. In order to prevent cold food from harming their health, outdoor activities such as hiking, outing, swinging, playing football, playing polo, inserting willows, tug of war, fighting cocks, etc. It has been decided that everyone should come out to bask in the sun, exercise their bones and muscles and increase their resistance. Therefore, in addition to worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, Tomb-Sweeping Day also has various outdoor fitness activities, which makes this festival not only have sentimental feelings of pursuing the future with caution, but also incorporate the atmosphere of enjoying spring with joy; There are both sad and sour tears in Where Are You Going, and vivid and bright scenes everywhere. This is really a very special festival. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival custom related to funeral customs. According to records, in ancient times, "tombs were not graves", that is to say, only graves were dug and graves were not built, so sacrifices were not recorded. Later, graves and graves, the custom of offering sacrifices to sweep graves, were supported. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, tomb sacrifice has become an indispensable ritual activity. Hanshu. According to Yan Yannian's biography, although he is thousands of miles away from Beijing, his family will "return to the East China Sea Cemetery" in Qingming. Yan Yannian's behavior is reasonable in terms of the development and strengthening of ancestor worship and consanguinity consciousness of China people. Therefore, the tomb sacrifices that were not included in the norms in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "It is desirable for a scholar to go to the grave and be included in the Five Rites, and it will always be a routine. "With the official affirmation, the wind of tomb sacrifice is bound to prevail. Because the days of Qingming and cold food are close, cold food is the day when people ban fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming become one, and cold food has become another name of Qingming and a custom of Qingming period. Tomb-Sweeping Day doesn't move fireworks, but only eats cold food. One of the 24 solar terms. On April 4 or 5 or 6 every year, folk customs sweep graves during this period. Due to the custom of ancestor worship, grave sweeping and mountain climbing in vast areas of China, it has gradually evolved into a traditional festival for China people to commemorate their ancestors by grave sweeping and worship. At the turn of mid-spring and late spring, it is generally 65,438+006 days from winter to the future, the day after the Cold Food Festival. Grave-sweeping activities can last about ten days before and after the festival.

The climate of Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Qingming is a solar term representing phenology, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate in South China is warm and the spring is strong. However, before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, cold air still invaded from time to time, even making the average daily temperature lower than 12℃ for more than three consecutive days, resulting in rotten seedlings of middle rice and dead seedlings of early rice. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid warm tail and cold head when sowing and transplanting rice. In the northwest plateau, livestock are weak under the influence of severe winter and insufficient forage, so it is necessary to guard against the harm of strong cooling weather after spring to old, weak and young livestock. "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival" is a portrayal of the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River by Du Mu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. But in some areas, this is not the case. Especially in the western part of South China, it is often in the spring drought period, and the rainfall in early April is generally only 10 to 20 mm, which is less than half of that in the south of the Yangtze River. Although there are many spring rains in eastern South China, the rainfall in early April is generally only 20 to 40 mm, so natural precipitation is not enough for agricultural production, so it must be replenished by storing water years ago. In addition, May-June is the month with the most hail in a year, so the prevention of hail disaster should be strengthened. During the Qingming period, the average daily temperature in most parts of the country has risen to above 12℃ except the northeast and northwest regions. From north to south to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, there are busy scenes of spring ploughing everywhere. "In the Qingming period, the wheat grows in the third section." Wheat in the southern part of Huanghuai is about to start heading, rape has blossomed, and wheat in the northeast and northwest regions has also entered the jointing stage. In the later stage, we should pay close attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control. Dry farming in the north, early and middle rice in the south of the Yangtze River is in a suitable season for mass sowing, so we should seize the opportunity, seize the sunny day and sow early. Pear blossoms are getting clearer and clearer. At this time, when many kinds of fruit trees enter the flowering stage, attention should be paid to artificial pollination to improve the fruit setting rate. Early rice planting in South China should be cleaned up and fertilized in time. Corn, sorghum and cotton will also be planted everywhere. "Before tomorrow's tea, there will be two buds", and the new buds of tea trees will grow vigorously, so attention should be paid to pest control; Famous tea producing areas are mined one after another, and strict scientific mining is needed to ensure the yield and quality.

The Legend of Tomb-Sweeping Day

The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day in China began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Tomb-Sweeping Day is first of all a very important solar term. As soon as Tomb-Sweeping Day arrives, the temperature rises, which is a good season for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is a saying that "melons and beans are planted before and after Qingming". Agricultural proverb "Planting trees is not as clear as Qingming". Later, as the days of Qingming and cold food approached, cold food was the day when people banned fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming became one, and cold food became another name of Qingming and became a custom of Qingming. On Qingming Day, there are no fireworks, only cold food. (Figure) Flying a kite

There is a legend about cold food: It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shen Sheng was forced to commit suicide because his concubine set a poisonous plan to kill the prince in order to let her son inherit the throne. Shen Sheng's younger brother, Zhong Er, went into exile to escape the scourge. During his exile, Zhong Er suffered humiliation. Most of the courtiers who went out with him went out one after another. Only a few loyal people have been following him. One of them is called meson push. On one occasion, Zhong Er fainted from hunger. In order to save Zhong Er, Jiezitui cut a piece of meat from his leg, cooked it with fire and gave it to Zhong Er. Nineteen years later, Zhong Er returned to China and became the monarch, that is, Jin Wengong, one of the famous five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Jin Wengong came to power, in addition to meson push, he offered many rewards to courtiers who shared his joys and sorrows. Someone defended meson in front of Jin Wengong. Jin Wengong suddenly remembered the past and felt guilty. He immediately sent someone to ask meson to take the imperial court to be rewarded as an official. However, after several trips, the meson could not be pushed. Jin Wengong had to please. However, when Jin Wengong came to the meson pusher's house, he saw that the door was closed. Jiezitui didn't want to see him, and had already been hiding in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province) behind his mother's back. Jin Wengong asked his body guard to search Mianshan, but he couldn't find it. So, someone had an idea, saying, it is better to let Yamakaji go, set fire on three sides, leave one side, burn it and the meson will come out. Jin Wengong ordered the promotion of Yamakaji. Unexpectedly, the fire burned for three days and nights. After the fire was put out, the meson was not pushed out after all. Looking up the mountain, the mother and son were holding a charred willow tree and were dead. Jin Wengong looked at meson push's body and cried for a while. Then I buried the body and found that the back of meson push was blocked by a willow hole, as if there was something. I took it out and saw that it was a skirt with a bloody poem engraved on it: May your master be clear forever. It is better to be a ghost than to accompany you as an exhorter. If your master has me in his heart, remember that I often reflect. I have a clear conscience in Jiuquan, diligent and honest. Jin Wengong hid the bloody book in his sleeve. Then meson tui and his mother were buried under the charred willow tree. To commemorate Jiexiu, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be changed to Jiexiu Mountain, and an ancestral temple was built on the mountain, and the day when Yamakaji was released was designated as the Cold Food Festival, telling the whole country that it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers on this day every year and only eat cold food. When he left, he cut a charred willow and made a pair of clogs in the palace. He looked at it every day and sighed, "What a pity." The "first step" is the name of ancient people's subordinates respecting each other between superiors or peers, which is said to come from it. The following year, Jin Wengong led his ministers to go hiking in plain clothes to show their respect and condolences. Walking to the grave, I saw the dead old willow tree resurrected, with thousands of green branches dancing in the wind. Jin Wengong looked at the resurrected old willow tree and seemed to see the meson push. He walked up to him respectfully, lovingly squeezed a branch, braided it into a circle and put it on his head. After the sacrifice, Jin Wengong named the revived old willow "Qingming Willow" and named it Tomb-Sweeping Day. Later, Jin Wengong often took a bloody book with him as a souvenir, urging himself to take power. He is diligent and honest, and strives to govern the country well. Since then, the people of Jin have been able to live and work in peace and contentment, and they are very nostalgic for Jietui, who has made outstanding contributions and is not looking for wealth. On the day of his death, it is forbidden to set off fireworks in memory of him. It is also made of flour and jujube paste into the shape of a swallow, strung with willows and inserted in the door to summon his soul. This thing is called "pushing swallows" (also called intermediary pushing). Since then, cold food and Qingming have become grand festivals for the people of the whole country. Whenever there is cold food, people don't make a fire to cook, but only eat cold food. In the north, people only eat cold food prepared in advance, such as jujube cakes and wheat cakes. In the south, there are mostly green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus roots. Every time I go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front of the house to show their memory.

Solar terms custom

Tomb-Sweeping Day went for a spring outing.

Qingming customs are rich and interesting. Families give each other steamed fruit, not only paying attention to the prohibition of fire to sweep graves, but also a series of custom sports activities such as climbing, swinging, cuju, playing polo and inserting willows. According to legend, this is because Tomb-Sweeping Day wants to ban cold food and fire. In order to prevent the harm of cold food and cold meal to people, we all take part in some sports activities to exercise. Therefore, this festival is a distinctive festival, with sad tears to sweep the new grave, parting from life and death, and laughter for an outing. [1] outing

Hiking is also called spring outing, spring seeking and outing. Just stepping on the grass, playing in the country and watching the spring scenery. March is clear, spring returns to the earth, and nature is full of vitality everywhere, which is a good time to go for an outing. Our people have kept the habit of walking in Tomb-Sweeping Day for a long time. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a good time to go for an outing, so it has become an important part of Tomb-Sweeping Day customs. In ancient times, women couldn't go out casually on weekdays, and it was a rare opportunity to travel on Qingming Day, so women had more fun than men on Qingming Day. There was a folk saying that "the year of female Qingming is the year of male". Cuju Bow is a rubber ball, the skin of which is made of leather, and the ball is stuffed with wool. Cuju is kicking the ball with your feet. This is a popular game in ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to legend, it was invented by the Yellow Emperor with the original purpose of training warriors. Now we call it football. Pay tribute to the dead at their graves.

Grave-sweeping, originally a custom of cold food on the day before Qingming (or three days before Qingming), gradually merged into Qingming from the Tang Dynasty. This has become a custom in Tomb-Sweeping Day. It is called "respect for thinking time" for ancestors. In the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital", it was written: "On the Qingming Festival in March, men and women visited graves and paid tribute to them, and gold ingots were hung behind sedan chairs, making noise all over the street. Worshipers, mourners, weeping, weeding, adding soil to graves, burning ingots several times, and buying graves with paper money. If you can't see the paper money, it will be a lonely grave. After crying, don't go back, go to the fragrant tree, choose the garden, and sit down and get drunk. " In fact, grave-sweeping existed before the Qin Dynasty, but not necessarily during the Qingming period, but after the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. Qing thomas lee said, "On New Year's Eve, the Cold Food Festival and the First Frost Festival, you should offer sacrifices to sweep the graves. During the period, I will serve my bed with vegetarian food, use wine and tools for cutting vegetation, seal trees in the middle of the week, and break Cao Jing, so it is called sweeping the grave. " And spread to this day. In contemporary China, most social tombs have been changed into square small stone tombs. There is a poem in Qingming: "The rain is like hemp at first sight, and the weeds in the countryside are green." Or look for the stone in the cemetery and think about the flowers in the grave. "(Excerpted from the Collection of Poems of Shi Jing in the South of the Yangtze River) Tomb-Sweeping Day should have been held in the cemetery in person, but due to different economic conditions and other conditions, the way of offering sacrifices and sweeping was also different. "Burning a bundle" is the main form of paying homage to ancestors. The so-called "baggage", also known as "parcel", refers to the postal parcel that Xiao sent from Shi Yang to the underworld. In the past, Nanzhi store sold the so-called "wrapped skin", that is, a big bag was pasted with white paper. There are two forms: one is a woodcut version with Sanskrit transliteration of "Death Mantra" printed around it, and a lotus memorial tablet printed in the middle with the name of the deceased who received the money, such as "The late Zhang Fujun was afraid of the boss in Yunshan", which is both a package and a memorial tablet.

The other is plain foreskin, which does not print any patterns. Just put a blue sign in the middle and write down the name of the deceased. Also used as a master card. There are many kinds of money in the bag. First burn paper, nine k white paper, and smash four rows of round money, five for each row; Second, Mingbi, which is copied after foreign currency tickets are available in the world, is written with the words "Paradise Bank", "Ghost Bank" and "Hell Bank", with a pattern of □ capital, mostly with a huge face value, and a Buddhist "death curse" printed on the back; 3. Fake foreign currency, with cardboard as the core and wrapped in silver foil, suppressing the same pattern as the prevailing silver dollar at that time; Fourth, the "death curse" printed in red on yellow paper is round money, so it is also called "death money"; Five, with gold foil and silver foil stacked ingots, hammers, and some string into a string, with a colored paper ear at the bottom. In the old society, no matter rich or poor, there was a burning burden. On that day, a confession case was set up in the ancestral hall or the main room of the family house, with the luggage in the middle. In front of it, there are offerings such as jiaozi, cakes and fruits, burning incense and holding candles. After the whole family salutes according to their generations, they can be incinerated outside the door. When incinerating, draw a big circle and leave a gap in the direction of the cemetery. Burning three or five pieces of paper outside the circle is called "special delivery." Some rich people want to take their families and their families to the grave to pay homage. At this time, it is necessary to repair the grave, or symbolically add soil to the grave and put some paper money on it to let others see and know that there are descendants in this grave. Worship and worship, and some kowtow to their ancestors; Some sit around eating and drinking together; Others fly kites and even compete with each other for entertainment. Women and children will also fold some Yang Liuzhi nearby and put on steamed food with wicker. Others weave wicker into reeds and wear them on their heads, saying, "If you don't wear willow in Qingming Festival, you will become a yellow dog in the afterlife." This is a grave-sweeping and an outing. You can't go home until you are happy. It is said that the custom of inserting willows is also to commemorate Shennong, the ancestor of farming, who taught the people to cultivate crops. In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves to forecast the weather. There is an old saying that "the willow branches are green and the rain is raining;" The saying that there is another village. During the period of Huang Chao, it was stipulated that "Qingming lasts for a period, and Liu Dai is the number". After the failure of the uprising, the custom of wearing willow was gradually eliminated, and only willow was popular. Willow has a strong vitality, as the saying goes: "If you plant flowers with your heart, you will plant willows without your heart. "Wicker lives when it is planted in the soil, and it lives where it is planted. When it is planted year after year, it becomes gloomy everywhere. There is another saying in Tomb-Sweeping Day: It turns out that China people regard Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and the first day of October as the three major ghost festivals, which are the time for ghosts to haunt and ask for help. In order to prevent the harassment and persecution of ghosts, people put willows and put them on. Willow has the function of ward off evil spirits in people's minds. Influenced by Buddhism, people think that willows can exorcise ghosts and call them "ghost trees". Guanyin dipped willow branches in water to help all beings. Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in the Book of Qi Yao Min: "Put a willow branch on the house, and a hundred ghosts will not enter the house. "Tomb-Sweeping Day is Halloween. When wicker sprouted, people naturally inserted willows to ward off evil spirits. Swing is a custom in ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day. Swing, that is, lift the rope, move. It has a very long history. It was originally called Qian Qiu, but later it was changed into a swing to avoid taboos. In ancient times, swings were made of branches and tied with ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into two ropes, a pedal swing. Swing can not only improve health, but also cultivate courage, which is deeply loved by people, especially children. Flying kites is also the most popular activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. During their stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, people not only wore it during the day, but also at night. At night, a string of colored lanterns is hung under the kite or on the wind-stabilizing stay, like twinkling stars, which is called "magic lamp". Someone used to put kites in the blue sky, then cut the strings and let the breeze send them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck to yourself. Planting trees for Qingming is the second day after cold food, which belongs to the season when everything is clear, everything is alive and the vegetation is lush. After mourning, when you look to the future, spring comes after winter. When people eat cold food, they mourn; After the cold food, go out for an outing, fly kites, swing, insert some willow leaves and watch it shade in the future. Moreover, during the cold food, the vegetation on the mountain will be accidentally burned; Cold food has passed, and Qingming is coming. It's time to plant more trees to make up for it. The spirit of ancestors, like trees on the mountain, is evergreen all the year round; Human life, like newly planted trees, should grow and progress in this spring breeze. Therefore, Qingming Festival is also a traditional Arbor Day in China. On the Qingming Festival, there are unlimited business opportunities for bugs. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional folk festival, which gathers people's memories and gratitude. Usually, before or during Tomb-Sweeping Day, people lay wreaths for revolutionary martyrs, sweep graves for deceased relatives and friends, and burn incense for ancestors to express their respect, filial piety and grief. But this traditional festival, which emphasizes morality, filial piety and kindness, has now integrated the elements of business. " As long as it is carefully conceived and built, there will be no festival economy that cannot prosper. "With the deep extension of the demand for sacrifices and outing in Tomb-Sweeping Day, this festival, which was originally aimed at' remembering the old friends', has given birth to the vigorous development of funeral supplies, flowers, sacrifices, fruits, restaurants and other related industries, especially the tourism industry, which has tasted more benefits from the rapidly rising' outing tour'. China's' Qingming economy' is blooming and business opportunities are derived. At present, the whole country is advocating a green, low-carbon, civilized and safe memorial service, calling on citizens to replace traditional unsafe sacrifices such as burning paper, burning incense and setting off firecrackers with flowers, fruits and jiaozi, and to express their grief in healthy and fashionable ways such as offering flowers, planting trees, toasting, singing and reciting poems. Local governments have also vigorously promoted the online sacrifice of green civilization. The transformation of these sacrifices will not only bring new business opportunities to the food industry, literature and art, flowers and trees, vegetables, but also promote the vigorous development of the future network economy, thus sprouting more network business opportunities. This is precisely "flowers need to meet the economy, purple butterfly wasps send business opportunities", and "Qingming economy" is showing a prosperous scene of "spring scenery in March" on the land of China! Qingming's business opportunities are constantly being "fried" by some businesses. ...

Qingming calculation

Interpretation of [y * d+c]-l formula: Y= the last two digits of years, D=0.2422, L= leap years, 2 1 century C=4.8 1, and 20th century =5.59. For example, the Qingming date in 2088 = [88× 0.2422+4.81]-[88/4] = 26-22 = 4, and April 4 is Qingming.

Qingming history

The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day in China began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Tomb-Sweeping Day is first of all a very important solar term. As soon as Tomb-Sweeping Day arrives, the temperature rises, which is a good season for spring ploughing and planting. Therefore, there is a saying that "melons and beans are planted before and after Qingming". Agricultural proverb "Planting trees is not as clear as Qingming". Later, as the days of Qingming and cold food approached, cold food was the day when people banned fire to sweep graves. Gradually, cold food and Qingming became one, and cold food became another name of Qingming and became a custom of Qingming. On Qingming Day, there are no fireworks, only cold food.

Festival activities

Agricultural Activities In Tomb-Sweeping Day, people use it to arrange agricultural activities. "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" said: "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, then it is clear.

The Qingming wind is coming. "According to" Age of Hundred Questions ","Everything grows clean and bright at this time. So it's called Qingming. "As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and spring planting. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb that "before and after Qingming, point melons and plant beans" and "planting trees is not as good as Qingming". It can be seen that this solar term is closely related to agricultural production. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival in China. At first, the main activities were hiking, spring ploughing and sowing. Later, the content of the Cold Food Festival was integrated and became the most important festival to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Grave-sweeping is commonly known as going to the grave and offering sacrifices to the dead. According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break some green branches and insert them in front of the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally go home after eating and drinking. The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Write about the special atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the solar calendar, Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, is the season when flowers and trees bloom green and it is also a good time for people to have a spring outing (called outing in ancient times), so the ancients had the custom of taking an outing in Tomb-Sweeping Day and carrying out a series of sports activities. To this day, the custom of worshipping ancestors and mourning the dead relatives in Tomb-Sweeping Day is still very popular. Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China and one of the 24 solar terms in China, and the time is around April 5th in the solar calendar every year. In ancient times, it was said that the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". According to legend, it began in the Spring and Autumn Period when Jin Wengong mourned the event of "cutting stocks to satisfy hunger", and then gradually the Qingming cold food became one. According to legend, after Dayu's flood control, people used the language of "Qingming" to celebrate that the flood had been eliminated and the world was at peace. At this time, spring blossoms, everything recovers, and the sky is clear and bright, which is a good season for spring outing. Going for an outing began as early as the Tang Dynasty and has become a habit throughout the ages. In addition to enjoying the beautiful lakes, mountains and spring scenery, we also carry out various entertainment activities to increase the interest of life. Grave-sweeping is very popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, sweeping graves is the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before. According to legend, cold food originated in Jin Wengong to mourn Jiexiu. During the twenty years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign, he ordered the world to "eat cold food in the ground". Because cold food is associated with Qingming, it gradually spread to sweeping graves in Qingming. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grave sweeping became more popular. In ancient times, children often flew kites when sweeping graves. Some kites are equipped with bamboo flutes, which can make a sound when the wind blows, just like the sound of kites. It is said that this is the reason why kites get their names. There are many lost customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day, such as wearing willow, shooting willow and swinging, which have been circulating for a long time in ancient times. According to records, Tomb-Sweeping Day was the most important custom in the Liao Dynasty. From the imperial court down to the common people, people liked to swing, and ladies gathered, and the wind of outing was extremely prosperous.

Cold Food Festival

One hundred and five days after beginning of winter, the solstice was called cold food. In the past, fire was forbidden and cold food was eaten, so it was also called "Cold Food Festival" and "No Smoking Festival". According to folklore, cold food is to commemorate the burning of mesons in Mianshan during the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jin Wengong ordered the fire to be banned. Jiezitui is from Shanxi, so the custom of cold food is first popular in Shanxi. In the old days, cold food cut off fire, and the next day there was a ceremony to drill wood for fire in the palace, and the people also begged each other for fire with wicker. Fifteen days after the vernal equinox is Qingming, a good day for an outing. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a day to visit graves and worship ancestors, which is also called "Ghost Festival" and "Ghost Festival" among the people, and "Three Ghosts Festival" together with July 15th and October 1st, and there is also a ceremony for the city god to patrol the city. Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were originally two festivals, but most people in Shandong combined them into one. Generally called Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas are called Cold Food Festival, but the festival is in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Kenli has been called "Great Cold Food", "Second Cold Food" and "Third Cold Food" since the first three days in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the fourth day is Qingming, during which people sweep graves and go hiking. Juancheng takes the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day as the Cold Food Festival, and also calls Tomb-Sweeping Day the Ghost Gate Festival. Grave-sweeping is a major activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the past, the grave-sweeping ceremony in Tai 'an was quite grand. The host took four side dishes and jiaozi to the ancestral grave, where they offered sacrifices first, then burned incense and paper, and sprinkled wine as a souvenir. When sweeping graves in Zhaoyuan, Jimo, Linqu and Linqing, new soil should be added in front of the graves. It is said that this is to repair the house for the ancestors in case of heavy rain in summer, which is essentially a memory of the ancestors. Most areas sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas (such as Zhucheng) sweep graves at the Cold Food Festival, and Longkou and Boxing sweep graves four days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Now people usually sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Willow and pine branches are planted all over Shandong, and Tomb-Sweeping Day is said to be a memorial meson push. Every household in Tai 'an inserted wicker and put wicker rings on dogs. Folk song: "If you don't put willows in Qingming Festival, the dog will turn yellow when it dies." Jimo is used to wearing pine branches, which means that it is as prosperous as pine and cypress. Linyi and Zhucheng, however, tapped the wall with wicker and pine branches, saying, "One Tomb-Sweeping Day a year, wicker alone in green gang, no passing in front of the door during the day, no stinging at night." Qingming outing is extremely common in Shandong. The children in Linqu and Tengzhou went for an outing and flew kites outside the village early in the morning. Some whistles are made of wicker, and they are beautiful. In some places, children lift their faces and exhale, which is said to be to vent internal fire. Swing is a habit in most areas. There are three kinds of swings in Weifang: one is straight swing (suitable for the elderly), the other is swing, and the third is swing. Jimo pays more attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day. On this day, people put on holiday clothes as soon as they get up, especially women. They all dressed up beautifully and visited everywhere. First, they watched their new wife sitting on a cold food (the new wife should sit on the kang like on her wedding day), and then they went to swing. High swing means a good life, so everyone is fighting for each other and playing happily on the swing. On this day, women have a good time, so there is a saying in the local area that "women celebrate the year of men". [2]

Tomb-Sweeping Day dechi

Tomb-Sweeping Day wants to eat green food. There is a custom of steaming Artemisia cake in rural areas. Artemisia cake is similar to the green ball in Jiangnan. The production method is: "Take Artemisia bud and glutinous rice, make Artemisia juice and rice flour into a whole, take meat, vegetables, red bean paste and jujube paste as stuffing, put them into various fancy wooden molds, and steam them in the bottom cage of new reed leaves." The mugwort cake is green in color and has a plant fragrance. It is one of the foods for ancestor worship in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and it is also used to give gifts or entertain relatives and friends. In addition, Huaiyang also has the custom of eating tea eggs on Qingming Day. During his stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, Jiangnan had the custom of eating green jiaozi. Green jiaozi is to mash a wild plant called "Pulp Wheat Straw" to squeeze out juice, then mix this juice with dry pure glutinous rice flour, and then wrap it in jiaozi. Jiaozi's stuffing is exquisite sugar bean paste, and a small piece of sugar lard is added when filling. Jiaozi cooked it and steamed it in a cage. When they come out, brush the cooked vegetable oil evenly on the surface of jiaozi, and you're done. Green glutinous rice balls, green as jade, sticky and soft, fragrant, sweet but not greasy, fat but not full. Green jiaozi is also a necessary food for people to sacrifice their ancestors in Jiangnan area. Because of this, green jiaozi is particularly important in the folk food customs in the south of the Yangtze River. Eating prickly heat is a custom in Tomb-Sweeping Day and China. "Zanzi" is a kind of fried food, crisp and delicate, and was called "cold ware" in ancient times. The custom of forbidding fire and cold in the Cold Food Festival is not popular in most parts of China, but the prickly heat related to this festival is deeply loved by the world. The prickly heat that is popular in Han areas is different from the north and the south: the prickly heat in the north is generous and free, with wheat flour as the main material; The southern prickly heat is exquisitely made, mainly rice and flour. In ethnic minority areas, there are many kinds of prickly heat with different flavors, especially in Uygur, Dongxiang, Naxi and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Snails are the best season to eat in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Because at this time, the snails have not yet propagated, and they are the most plump and plump, so there is a saying that "the snails in Qingming are worth a goose". Snails can be eaten in many ways. They can be fried with onion, ginger, soy sauce, cooking wine and sugar. You can also cook, pick snail meat, mix, drink, rot and simmer. If you eat properly, it can really be called "a snail is not worth a thousand things, and wine is not as good as food." In addition, both the north and the south of China have the custom of eating nutritious food such as eggs, cakes, sandwich cakes, Qingming zongzi, steamed cakes, Qingming cakes and dry porridge in Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Edit this poem

Du Mu's poem Qingming

Shi Du Mu's poem Qingming

[3] Original: It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village. Meaning: When I was in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the poet couldn't go home to sweep the grave, but he was running around on a foreign road alone, and his heart was no longer a taste; Besides, the weather is not good, a sullen face, the drizzle of cattle hair will fall one after another, the eyes are foggy, and the spring clothes are wet. Poet, it's heartbreaking! Find a hotel to shelter from the rain, warm up and eliminate the sadness in your heart, but where is the hotel? He asked the shepherd boy where there was a hotel, and the shepherd boy pointed to the hotel in Xinghua Village in the distance. Technique: express your homesickness through the scenery in Qingming Festival. Theme: With beautiful and vivid language, it depicts a picture of a living elf asking for directions in the rain. Feeling: homesickness. Feeling: People who are alone are doubly homesick on holidays. Note: "The literary circle of this poem is basically determined to be a fake poem. First, this poem is probably not written by Du Mu, and second, it is probably not written for Qingming. " Dr. Shi Aidong, an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out when he was a guest at the Jintai Hall of People's Daily Online. Qingming poetry

Because this poem first appeared in the late Southern Song Dynasty, Du Mu's various collections were compiled in the past, but this poem never appeared. People who studied Du Mu didn't know this poem at all, and then suddenly appeared, marked "Written by Du Mu". At first, it was called "Xinghua Village" instead of "Tomb-Sweeping Day". In fact, I was looking for a drink alone in Tomb-Sweeping Day, not going to the grave alone, and my heart was very good. People who go to the grave mainly bring wine and meat, and those who sacrifice to their ancestors are called "making meat", which means they are blessed. The wine that our ancestors drank is called "brewing", which can't be wasted, but must be eaten. Therefore, the custom formed in the Tang Dynasty is to worship ancestors first, and then eat these wine and meat. If the person who wrote this poem should serve his own wine, otherwise it is against common sense. Therefore, what is certain about this poem is that even Du Mu's is not to sweep the grave. Qingming is a Spring Festival. There used to be cold food, Qingming and Shangsi Festival. Later, only Qingming was left. Qingming combines the characteristics of all previous Spring Festival. Sometimes, praising Qingming means praising spring. Therefore, Tomb-Sweeping Day's poems are full of sadness and joy, but also pure happiness, that is, a large number of poems praise the joy of spring outing.