Five kinds of disasters should be guarded against for crops with slight cold and solar terms?

Entering the slight cold season, most parts of our country have entered the coldest period of the year. At this time, people have thickened their clothes to keep warm and cold. For crops, there are four kinds of low-temperature disasters that need to be prevented in this cold period, namely freezing injury, freezing injury, frost and cold wave freezing injury. Let Lao Huangli introduce them to you.

Freezing injury, chilling injury, chilling injury, from the most basic difference of the three temperature conditions, the temperature must be below 0℃ when freezing injury occurs, and crops are harmed; When chilling injury occurs, the temperature is above 0℃, and crops are hurt; Cold injury refers to the low temperature of crops above 10℃ in warm period.

From the occurrence area, frost mainly occurs in the temperate zone in the north, and also occurs in some years in the subtropical zone in the south. Cold damage mainly occurred in tropical and subtropical areas in a few years; Cold damage occurs all over the country, but it is mainly concentrated in the northeast and early autumn in the south.

From the point of view of harmful crops, freezing damage mainly harms overwintering crops such as winter wheat, fruit trees and some subtropical crops such as citrus. Cold damage mainly harms tropical and subtropical crops such as rubber, longan and litchi. Cold damage mainly harms warm crops such as rice, corn and beans.

From the growth period of harmful crops, freezing injury occurs in the winter dormancy period of crops; Frostbite occurs in the period of slow growth or stop growth; The chilling injury occurred in the booting, heading, flowering and filling stages of crops.

From the mechanism of crop damage, freezing injury is the dehydration and freezing of plant tissue, which causes plant tissue damage; Chilling injury is the physiological dysfunction of plants, which will seriously lead to plant death; Cold damage leads to crop growth and development obstacles, leading to crop yield reduction.

From the time course of injury, freezing injury can be caused by long-term cold or short-term injury below 0℃. The process of frostbite takes a long time, generally it takes more than 2 days of low temperature weather; The chilling injury process is long, usually in low temperature weather for more than 3 days.

Frost is a common agrometeorological disaster, which means that the temperature drops suddenly and the surface temperature drops below 0℃, causing damage to crops and even death. There are two kinds of frost in China. One is early frost and late frost, which occur in warmer periods. The second is winter frost, which occurs less frequently in warm areas (tropical and subtropical), both of which are short-term hazards.

Cold wave freezing injury is different from frost. Cold wave freezing occurs in cold period, and frost occurs in warmer climate. Cold wave freezing injury temperature is low, generally below -5℃; The freezing temperature is relatively high, generally above -5℃.

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