The customs and culture of Hongtu Township

China Oriental Valentine's Day-"Daughter Club"

Out of Enshi city, to the southeast 100 kilometers, there is a clear and bright river flowing down the mountain, which was called Shihe kiln in ancient times and now called lime kiln, which is homophonic. Adjacent to Jianshi Guandian, Hefeng Zhongying, Enshi Shuanghe and Xuanen Chunmuying. The twelfth day of the seventh lunar month is a traditional Tujia festival here. On this day, many young men and women come out from the secluded path to attend the meeting, looking for their dream lover.

The "Daughter Club" in the stone kiln has a long history. According to legend, a long time ago, there was no constraint between men and women. They sing and dance at work, pour out their love, book their lives privately and live a free pastoral life. Later, ten people climbed vines and cliffs from outside the mountain and boarded the lime kiln at an altitude of 1700 meters. These ten people are Zhang, Xue, Li, Teng, Yang, Tian, Tan, Cao, Huang and Wang. They split up, with grass as the boundary, set up sheds to build houses, and set up households to operate, which is called "ten sheds". The child was engaged by his parents and had no chance to meet. They can only meet after meeting the bride. At this time, most of the children in the "ten sheds" are arranged by their parents, and women send posts to men.

One year, Xue went on a long trip outside the mountain and didn't return home until July 11th. The whole shed held a grand banquet for him to celebrate his return from his trip. Xue Rang is very happy. He talked about what he saw and heard along the way while drinking. After the wine was full, he called his favorite Yao Zhenmei to his side and ordered, "Tomorrow is the Half Moon Festival. Early in the morning, you and your sisters put on new clothes and go out to play. " At midnight, they got up and dressed up. They wear red and green lace dresses, embroidered towels with black gold thread around their waists, embroidered shoes with flowers on their feet and shiny jade bracelets. Out of the door, the boys in the hut looked at each other from a distance, never leaving, singing folk songs, chasing each other and flirting with each other. Nine sisters met their Mr Right on this day until they returned to their home on the moon. Then, every July 12, they dress up, sneak out of the house and invite their neighbors and sisters to the streets. After several years of continuous practice, people call the twelfth day of the seventh lunar month "Daughter's Party". At that time, girls lived too hard and stayed at home all the year round. They stay at home except for work. Visitors can't show up, food can't be served, and there is no freedom at all. Girls are always looking forward to the annual "daughter party". On July 12, the daughters who worked hard for a year put on the most beautiful jewelry and layers of wrapped clothes with different colors. The inside was long and the outside was short, and they were decorated into bamboo shoots. I used a flower basket to carry some local products to the market, and my daughters got together to compete for beauty, attracting many young students. Students pretend to be idle and carefree in the market, but their eyes turn round and round. When they meet a sister, they quickly come forward to say hello: "Hey, sister, how much is this pear?" Sister chuckled and talked about the price. The clever young man said, "Oh, my good girl, is this pear a golden weight or a silver egg?" My sister is not careless: "I said, big brother, what you want is price and money." How high is the pear tree in a year? " How much is a pair of pears worth? I work hard, you know? Is this price still too high? "In this way, we talked about the price, fought with wisdom and explored the depth. If the price doesn't come down, it means that my sister doesn't like you, and the young man will go away quickly. If prices are getting lower and lower, young people's hopes will grow. When the price is reduced by half, the young man will quickly buy all the pears and give his sister a basket, and her sister will naturally go with you.

Tujia girls see beauty with songs and use songs as media. "Singing well, lighting a lamp in cold water", "First, it's not good to love you, and second, it's not good to love your rich family, and it's not good to love you to sing and play drums".

There were many trees around the stockade at that time, and there were many clean and beautiful stones in the Woods. Young men and women with feelings and intentions came to the depths of the jungle and chose a stone bench to sit down. Soon, a string of charming folk songs floated out of the Woods. ...

On the top of the mountain, uh, a piece of Shan Ye.

Lang ban bian lai Jie ban

Half of Lang grows licorice.

My sister grows half cucumbers.

Take some time to tie him up.

On the top of the mountain, er, a mulberry tree.

Open dye vat at the foot of mulberry tree

You have blue and white fabrics to dye.

My new vat can dye old clothes.

The leaves in the Alps are thin and light.

See if your brother can play.

If the konoha is blown up.

Only konoha leaves don't need media.

Young people fascinated by Shanmei's sweet singing and lingering feelings could not help but open their voices and sing a duet:

Woman: Sing a yo-yo and you can solve it with it.

What flowers in pairs?

Bamboo leaves are green, and Liu Yeer is green.

Zhu Qing Liu Qing

Shiya sisters Deng

Man: Sing a yo three and understand it backwards.

Peas blossom in pairs.

Ducks cross the river with short legs.

You sing again, and, uh, I'll explain it to you

……

Young men and women in love always have endless songs, from Song of Looking at Lang, Starting from a Bamboo Peak, A Myna Flying South to Ten Loves, Ten Thoughts and Twelve o'clock ... With songs as the medium, they have private lives and give each other lovers, and men give rings, ivory combs and embroidery needles. This is really a month, and I don't want to say goodbye.

It's hard to meet young men and women whose daughters became attached to each other because of songs. Singing in the forest has become a beautiful memory and permanent memory of Diaojiaolou;

Chen Shijie embroidery.

Think of the enemies of slaves.

I don't know who it is.

in an awful mess

Boldly looking for a marriage will sometimes get rid of the family's tracking and secretly meet, so as to eliminate the unbearable pain of missing:

Go to my sister's house at noon

Sister is embroidering.

Leave the flowers, don't embroider them.

Get up and sieve tea.

Brother, there you are.

Ugly Shiro is leaving.

Lalang's clothes

Don't be a heartless bird in the mountains.

Don't listen to dusk chickens in cages

Dawn slave will see you off.

Many infatuated Tujia girls turned the love wine brewed at their daughter's meeting into endless tears because their feudal parents arranged their marriages:

Six glasses of wine and three pairs.

Cheating dad, cheating mom.

Keep it from my brother and sister-in-law

In case my house is empty.

Three glasses of wine went into the garden.

Tears ran down my hands when I climbed the flower tree.

Flowers bloom and fall every year.

Who always turns to teenagers for help?

Miss my life very much.

Fate is not as good as people.

Hang a rope high in front of the hall.

Early death and early birth ...

Ye Er is green and yellow, yellow and green. I don't know how many years later, my daughter will change, and it will become a cultural event for Tujia people here. The suona team, the flower gongs and drums team, the waving dance team and the bench dragon team shook the earth, as well as bed plays and monkey tricks performed by old artists, and Nuo operas performed by dozens of people, pulling strength, lifting chin and lifting weights.

Nowadays, the "Daughter's Club" in the stone kiln is already a cultural and material exchange meeting, with flowers baskets, mules and horses on the back, and mountain products specialties on the back, with laughter and tinkling, pouring into the street continuously. Not only local people, but also merchants from Hefeng, Xuanen and Jianshi, and even from Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, are in an endless stream, setting up stalls and doing business at the scene. Streets and alleys, goods coming and going, people coming and going, bustling and colorful, the streets are bustling and full of vitality. On the stage, the bamboo joint dance is vigorous and lively, and the Nuo opera is antique. "Tea Affairs" praised the new trend of the times, the change of the cottage, the freedom, happiness and love of Tujia children, and the reporters were very busy with their cameras. They captured every wonderful moment, photographed the customs of Tujia, photographed the modern civilization of this ancient cottage, and photographed the laughter and laughter of Tujia girls.

Daughter's Club, like a magnificent epic, tells the bitter feelings of Tujia children in the past, precipitates the decay of history and expresses the changes of the times!

nuoxi

Nuo opera is a kind of local opera developed on the basis of the folk ceremony of rewarding the gods, which is characterized by wearing masks.

Nuo opera can be divided into eight endings and eight endings. "Eight endings" belong to witchcraft rituals, and "Eight endings" are dramas with plots and a series of dramas. The role is divided into four lines: life, Dan, purity and ugliness, and the singing is divided into treble, flat tone, funeral, flower drum and folk songs. Not enough scenes, more than enough singing.

tease

"Drama" comes from the people, from the social practice and life of predecessors, is the crystallization of the civilization and wisdom of minority people, and is the treasure of national culture.

When did "playing tricks" rise? This should start from the Tang Dynasty: There is a saying in "Play":

It's the same in the sky and underground. Once upon a time, there was a little Tang king.

He is a fairy, a fairy and an emperor.

On August 15 of that year, the dragon body slept on the gums.

A midnight snack roams the sky, and the soul drives into the celestial world.

In the Moon Palace, I saw many beautiful women.

Everyone wears colorful clothes, plays the piano and sings.

It's noisy and tinkling.

Some people sing in front, others help in the back.

When the Tang King saw it in his mind, his soul came back from his dream.

King Tang woke up and thought about it, and the gods in the sky entertained and played.

The mortal world should be as usual, and the civil servants and military commanders should be ordered.

All the girls in the palace should follow the example of heaven.

Play with lights, act, sing and dance.

Life is ugly, ugly and varied.

In the prosperous Tang dynasty, the country is rich and the people are safe. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, ordered entertainment, singing and dancing, or dancing in pairs, or many people dancing together. Since then, the drums in the palace have sounded together, and the songs and dances are very lively ... at first, it was just lively in the palace. Later, the king of Tang ordered officials and people to hold a grand Lantern Festival, dancing lions and playing dragon lanterns to celebrate the Lantern Festival.

By the Qing dynasty, "playing tricks" was more developed. At that time, because the Qing government implemented the etiquette rules of the Zhou Dynasty, such as "three cardinal guides and five permanents", "three obedience and four virtues", "the words of a matchmaker and the orders of parents", it is said that there were three Tusi brothers who called themselves "Tusi officials" in western Hubei before the Qing Dynasty, in order to pursue the hegemony of the local emperor and carry it through to the end. Many young men and women left their homes in order to oppose the unequal old system at that time, dancing in front of various houses and begging for money and food for a living. Since then, "play" has risen and become popular everywhere.

I. "Trick" and "Trick" are introduced as follows:

1. Text "Play" action

Dress up, pick melons, sweep the floor, sweep the floor and play with butterflies. Only when the eagle spreads its wings, one side, two hands and flowers are arranged around.

2. Wu's "drama" action

Dress up, roll the jar, wrap around the flowers, upload the token slowly (short step), lean over and kiss, even somersault bowls and bowls, somersault is high, Huanglong road is entangled.

There are two kinds of jumping methods of "playing tricks". One is to just jump without singing and express your interest with actions; The other is singing and dancing, dancing whatever you see, mainly to show real life or compliment or congratulate or publicize the party's policies, cooperate with the center and serve the reality.

There are many kinds of "playing tricks" vocals, including North-South vocals and several ancient vocals.

1. Foreigners tune: make money.

When lanterns come to your house, the public is happy to beat gongs and drums.

First of all, turn on the lanterns of Zhengdong Finance Gate and go into the house to pay a New Year call to Zhengdong.

Money is rolling in

Open the door in spring, celebrate the New Year, play "drama" and play with lanterns.

Since then, the main East Xiyingmen has taken on a new look as a cornucopia of cash cows.

Gold will fall sooner or later.

Summer opens the door to wealth, and the old, the old and the young live under the same roof in summer.

Old and young are happy and healthy, and people are prosperous.

Happiness lasts forever.

Autumn opens the door to wealth, and harvest every year in autumn, and you don't have to worry about food and clothing.

The whole family, old and young, is happy and carefree, and everything goes well.

Show great ambition

Open the door in winter, do business safely year after year and work hard.

Farming and reading is a model of this row of moral trees.

Be a senior official on behalf of others.

2. Future generations will carry forward (seven bright and eight dark; The idiom is: carry forward the past and open up the future)

Don't be a pre-school power, Chen Shimei, who is heartless and unjust, abandoning his son and forgetting his wife's righteousness.

I am proud to be Xu. I don't recognize my ex-wife, and I promise the Prime Minister to help justice.

Cut off his head.

Some people love to scold their wives, and their means are very solid. This is not, that is not.

Beating Lao Zi and killing his wife are really dark.

I regret being late.

Don't be above your wife, negotiate and discuss, respect husband and wife, and be noble.

Honor her husband's face, be a man, and pay special attention to morality.

Husband and wife have a long relationship.

As for husband and wife, we should cooperate internally and externally.

Remember not to engage in each other's work, so wives and husbands will have less troubles, and so will their production and life.

Unity and happiness.

Husband and wife get along and respect their parents. Filial piety is the current word. Later, they raised children.

Handed down from generation to generation, generations enjoy happiness, love grandchildren and be filial to their parents.

Shuang ju yi Wu Man

A special daughter-in-law should be able to be a pawn, be proficient in everything and listen to both inside and outside.

Discuss with your parents, don't sell yourself short, and set an example for yourself.

Be a mother in the future

Mother should be modest, don't be a strange woman, and find fault when she finds fault.

Forcing the daughter-in-law to suffer, the family is not harmonious, fanning the evil wind and lighting a ghost fire.

Create one's own sins

When the father-in-law should be able to be, lead by example, children and daughters-in-law, are all the same.

Don't say that the daughter-in-law wastes things, others point to the back, especially morality.

Mojin suits house

As mentioned above, advise people, learn from the ancients, stress morality and attach importance to feelings.

People are loyal when they are old, how to be a man, how to make a career, and how to be noble.

Make a name for yourself.

3. People's tune: Chairman Mao's good idea

The people of the whole country have been liberated, with high morale and extraordinary wisdom, and the * * * production party.

Chairman Mao's good idea is that the people should put down their possessions and see the sun.

People are happy.

Since ancient times, the country has been prosperous and the grain harvest has been abundant. Chairman Mao and the Commander-in-Chief,

Zhou Enlai, the prime minister, reversed Gan Kun. He had a wise policy to resist the Japanese and fight against Chiang Kai-shek bandits.

The world is peaceful.

Be honest, praise the country and enrich the people, and benefit the people.

Suitable for all ages, happy and healthy, competitive, new world, new atmosphere,

Happiness lasts forever.

Turn over and never forget Chairman Mao, have food, clothes, engage in construction and work together.

In the pace of unity, Qi Xin has made concerted efforts to build socialism.

Revolutionaries will never change.

Dedicated to the production party, the strong-willed workers, peasants and soldiers, together,

Programs focusing on industry and agriculture have broad ideas, and strive together to win the battle.

Building urban and rural areas.

Second, "play" short board

This kind of singing is very simple. As long as you sing the tune, you can edit the performance and watch what you sing, but you should strictly demand the rhythm and sing according to the rhyme, such as:

We have lanterns. Come on, come on.

Here, give it to you, God. I'll give it to you.

Sing seven words on each board: for example

Go into your house and wait and see,

Lord, sit in a good house.

Two dragons robbed the treasure before,

There are two birds in the morning light.

Your family is very rich,

Generation after generation, children and grandchildren won the championship.

This kind of singing can be written and performed according to the actual situation to congratulate the host family.

"Play" Short Board Tone: Ten Loves of "May 7th Five-Year Plan":

I like my sister's head. Oh, my Lord, ivory combs are very good at this.

Brush naked, yo yo, brush naked.

Ai Rui Jie's eyebrows are bent and straight, like bamboo shoots.

Sister San Ai's ring is tied with gold and silver thread and hung on her shoulder.

Four love elder sister's face, rouge gouache hit, like the story of a female dixin.

Sister Ai Wu's hands are as white as lotus roots. She is wearing a ring.

Sister Liu's clothes are red and green and square.

Sister Qi Lian's skirt, yellow skirt on both sides, with four corners tied evenly.

Sister Ba's trousers, which are neither too long nor too short, are three and a half feet long and tied on the rose bone.

Nine loves elder sister's feet, neither long nor short, and the fairy sheds her shell.

Ten loves my sister's body, just like Guanyin in those days, and loves bad young people.

"Play" flowing seven words, such as:

I'm Luo Zeng, I'm Gui, and I'm your Luo Yi.

To the Lord, Dongluo, to celebrate the Spring Festival, Yayi.

Bye. See you in the Spring Festival. Hey hey hey.

This kind of singing method can also be to sing whatever you see and play it live when you sing. The content is up to you, not limited.

Weeding, beating gongs and drums

Singing labor customs:

"There are layers of peaches and plums in the mountains, fireworks in the clouds, silver cymbals and gold hairpin to carry water, and long knives and short hats to burn her." (Liu Yuxi's Ci) This word describes the scene of high mountains and steep slopes, men and women working and slash-and-burn cultivation. It is precisely because of this living environment that job-hopping has become a traditional custom in Tujia areas. "In April and May, several * * * tended to be one, with as many as thirty or forty people. When one family is finished, it tends to another, and one person encourages; One person sings pheasant, in order to save time and rest, sing with the clouds and learn syllables ... "Inviting groups to form a joint force, mowing grass, gongs and drums are the ties between groups and transportation, and they are the horns to stimulate enthusiasm and boost labor morale.

Farmers sing folk songs casually, and both the north and the south should beat gongs and drums.

Instead of recognizing Tian Jia's pleasure, I pity him.

In June, folk songs filled the mountains, and the sound of gongs and drums was suppressed and revived.

Modaoshan has many rough people and branches of men and women.

Planting seedlings, planting grass and singing gongs and drums, men and women are on the hillside.

Put the sunshade on your back, and the man will shout songs to the woman.

The harvest season of Tujia nationality is the happiest moment. People tear the shell leaves of corn in front of the lights and under the moon, play puzzles, tell ancient stories and jokes, and entertain themselves, as Li Huanchun said:

Pumpkins and red beans are cooked very carefully, and the neighbors who earn them peel the night buds.

Crossword puzzles under the lamp.

Customs of singing solar terms at the age of 20: People in Tujia areas attach great importance to solar terms at the age of 20, and there must be customs when there are festivals. Many Zhi Zhu Ci poems describe various simple customs.

On the first day of the lunar new year, open the door to paper money, and the red light and green wine are out of the sky.

Returning home is like a newly arrived guest, welcoming the New Year separately.

Wearing a woman's wedding dress, painted red, entered the theater.

One night, the lantern festival is full of flowers and drums, and the willow flowers are tuned to Sichuan cavity.

The first part depicts the opening ceremony on the first day of the first month and the intimate behavior of the family on the first day of the first month. The second part records the rural customs, that is, women can play flower drums and perform Huayang opera on the Lantern Festival in the first month, and women can also watch the lights like men.

There are also descriptions about Tomb-Sweeping Day and the Double Ninth Festival:

Dressed in emerald green, women in mountain cities are green,

Occasionally pick a mountain flower and put it on, causing a group of bees to fly around the temple.

This word describes Tomb-Sweeping Day, a girl returning from a grave-sweeping in red and green, picking bright flowers in her hair along the way. Butterfly bees chase the fragrance and colorful colors and dance around the girl, adding to the beauty of spring. What a touching picture of girl you chuntu.

The light rain is good for Chongyang, and every family in the jar smells of wine.

I love him picking tea and making chrysanthemums in Chongyang.

This word describes the festive atmosphere of reunion, joy and peace on the Double Ninth Festival.

Singing love life: Tujia people's love life is relatively free, full of ridicule and love. But few people, or men often travel to make a living, or lovers meet for many years, and describe the life of acacia in words:

Several birds called their brothers, and the female Luo curled up in the dense forest.

Memnon can't see Lang, and Acacia is only separated by a river.

This word is actually a love song. When the shanzhai daughter hears the voice of the bird calling "Brother", she will think of her brother when she is moved by the scene, which will lead to lasting feelings. Another example is:

The deeper the relationship between husband and wife, the more competitive clouds they meet at the age of one.

Although the night is good and the new autumn is short, I am afraid that the morning will never end.

This word is formed by the reunion of husband and wife after a long separation, and it is associated with the meeting of cowherd and weaver girl on Qixi Bridge, which is more affectionate and full of love.

Lang went to Xiangjiang for a few autumn, and the west wind and the north geese went.

Looking at Jiangtou, I can't see the ship, I can't see the passenger ship.

The first song is a love song about a woman looking forward to Lang's return. The lover left his hometown and went to a different place. He flew several times in the north and went to Qiu Lai in the spring. The spoony woman looks forward to Lang's return day and night, which is touching.

Singing the customs of food, clothing, housing and transportation: Tujia people live in deep forests and have unique customs of food, clothing, housing and transportation, especially the words of drinking and drinking tea, such as mixed wine and camellia oleifera.

Every family is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the customs are not bad.

Only tourists follow the old habits and often drink wine and camellia oleifera.

Another example is that a bamboo pole pours a cup of drink than a pot, a bowl of pork and a moving altar persuade guests, which shows the generosity of Tujia people:

A man's wine is fragrant, and a bamboo pole is better than a pot.

Bridge pork lotus bowl, big woman opens the altar to persuade guests to taste.

Another example is the custom of catching up with the new year, the smell of living in a diaojiao building, and the bustling scenery:

Camellia oleifera sucks wine to catch up with the Chinese New Year, and the diaojiao building looks high and fascinated.

Yajiang is happy to see Xinglong elephant. Excuse me, which period did the Three Tang Dynasties belong to?

The above chapters on labor and life, marriage, funeral, 20-year-old solar term, separation of acacia, food, clothing, housing and transportation. Describing mountains and rivers, expressing the good and restraining the evil, depicting the hardships of life and exposing the evil of the wicked can be described as varied as colorful pictures of Tujia customs.

Lianxiang

"Lianxiang" is a folk performing art form between rap and dance, and its titles include "Lianxiang", "Lianxiang" and "Lianxiang". From the origin of development, it is more accurate to call it "Lianxiang", and from the form of performance, it is more meaningful to name it after the beautiful sound made by props.

The Tao used in Lianxiang has its own advantages and disadvantages. Commonly used are 2 feet 5 inches long, and the longest is 3 feet. No matter the length, it is made of bamboo poles with a diameter of 15cm. Bamboo is engraved with 12 eyes, and 24 ancient copper coins are embedded in the eyes. 12 eyes are "Lianxiang" to mark brothers and sisters looking for their father, which has been 12 years.

Tujia people love to play "lotus fragrance", especially during the Spring Festival. At that time, Tujia shanzhai and every village could hear the "lotus fragrance" dance. Performers, a man and a woman, dressed as brothers and sisters and holding "lotus fragrance", performed in the East Hall. Most of the words they sing are to congratulate the host on a happy New Year and wish him prosperity.

In the middle of last century, "Lianxiang" brothers and sisters entered the house to perform, and most of the owners specially invited performers to sing the aria of "Lianxiang" to educate future generations. Lord Dong also thinks that only the team that can sing Lianxiang is the real master of Lianxiang. In the second half of last century, the singing content of "Lianxiang" was gradually enriched, and most of them were live improvisations. The performers called themselves "seeing children and beating them".

The performance forms of "Lianxiang" are various, which can be divided into high piles, short piles, rolling dragon lotus incense, meat lotus and so on. "Lotus Fragrance" with high stakes is often performed standing, while performers with short stakes have to squat down to perform, while rolling lotus fragrance with dragons is performed by two men and women sitting on a high bench. The performer takes the high bench as the performance area, and the two people shuttle on the bench, performing freely and seamlessly. The performers of the above performance forms all bring their own props-lotus fragrance, while the other performance form does not use props at all and only wears shorts. Occasionally, they wear red silk on their heads and red ribbons on their chests. Performers beat all parts of their bodies with their hands, making a beautiful sound like lotus fragrance, so it is called "meat lotus fragrance". With or without props, it's all about hitting the shoulder, hitting the arm and hitting the arm. The performance team is divided into doubles, Sanhuan, Qihuan and ten ring.

About the origin of the performance form of "Lianxiang", some records can be found in the long folk oral lyrics of "The Origin of Lianxiang". According to legend, there was a scholar named Zhang Chunfang in the Tang Dynasty. His mother was as beautiful as a fairy, and a military commander in the DPRK passed by and forced her to be a concubine. After the mother entered the palace, she was afraid that her poor life experience would be exposed, which killed her parents and children Zhang Chunfang. A son and a daughter born in Chunfang are separated from their father. Brother Jinlian and sister Yuxiang wander around begging for a living, looking for their father. One night, my brother and sister dreamed that a fairy showed them the way and taught them to perform "Lianxiang" song and dance, saying that only in this way could they attract spectators and find their father's whereabouts. My brother and sister woke up and followed their dreams, no longer wanting to eat and drink less.

Tujia custom

The custom of New Year is the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in every nation. Enshi, as a settlement of Tujia people, has been deeply influenced by Chinese culture since Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, and the custom culture and the Chinese custom meet, forming a strange and special Chinese New Year custom culture.

Kill pigs for bacon.

Killing pigs is a festive activity of Tujia people in a year. Killing pigs can not only lead a good year, but also provide oil and water security for others and the whole family for one year. Tujia people should look at the date before asking the butcher to kill the pig. After the butcher kills the pig, he should cut a knife on the pig's nose and then shave it. However, I broke the appearance of your pig, and I will never become a pig and be killed again. In fact, this knife was a butcher's suicide.

After the pig was washed, the butcher cut it into pieces. If there is a married or engaged son in the family, it is necessary to "elbow". Generally use hind legs, and families with many sons use front and rear legs. A family with a good family background has a back, which is heavier, and a family with a poor family background is more rounded. Without a back, it will naturally be lighter. These elbows are a gift from my son to her husband for the New Year.

After killing a pig, the host family will entertain the butcher and relatives and friends for a meal. Generally, pig's body meat is not used, only the "collar meat" (pig's neck) that is not easy to clean and the meat left after elbow stroke are used. Give this meal an evil name "drinking soup". After the butcher and his relatives and friends left, the main family began to pickle bacon. Before pickling, they had to make a red pot, that is, burn the iron pot red. Branding the peeled side of pork on a red pot, first cleaning the hairy feet in the skin; Secondly, when the meat is cured, it is soaked in hot water, scraped clean, easy to cook, and it is also very particular about the curing of meat. Stir-fry the raw salt, shake the pepper powder, put a layer of meat in the pot or jar, smear a layer of pepper powder salt, marinate for about seven days, and then hang the jar in front of the stove or on the fire.

Babapai old stove.

At the end of the twelfth lunar month, Tujia people are busy making Baba and mash to prepare for the New Year. There are three kinds of Baba, one is Baba, the other is silver shell, and the third is frozen Baba. Ciba is to steam the glutinous rice, or break it with a pestle or hammer, or poke and knead it with a sharpened bamboo stick, so that the glutinous rice becomes mud, and now it is kneaded into dough, extruded into cakes or pressed into a special wooden mold, which is the size of Ciba. The cake made in this way is golden and bright, and it is sweeter than pure glutinous rice when baked. The shell of silver is made of glutinous rice and glutinous rice, and some of it is made of sorghum rice. Soak in water, grind into slurry, put it in a bag and hang it overnight. Most of the water is lost, which is called hanging pulp. Divide the hanging pulp into dough, squeeze it in a mold and steam it to make a silver shell. Choose cold weather, grind rice into pulp, shake and ferment half of the fried rice pulp and the other half of the original pulp, then freeze it in ice and snow for a few days, then knead it into dough and steam it, which is soft and delicious. Some people boil mung beans or red beans into mud, put them into sweet salted bean stuffing made of sugar, salt and spices, wrap them in rice pulp, and steam them on monkey chestnut leaves to make Baba.

In the twelfth lunar month, when you walk into Tujia people's homes, you can use a pot or an altar of rice cakes and silver shells soaked in clear water. As long as you change the water frequently, you can eat it in June, and it is particularly refreshing. Therefore, there is a saying that "you can eat in the twelfth month and June", which has also become a dietary experience for Tujia people.

Making mash is brewing rice wine. This is not only a necessary food for Tujia people in the New Year, but also a custom that indicates good luck in the coming year. At the end of the twelfth lunar month, every housewife should prepare the first-class glutinous rice, replace it with glutinous rice, steam it, pour it into a dustpan, spread it out, sprinkle it with cold water and stir it, then shake it into the liqueur koji and take advantage of the slight heat in the fashion basin, so that the raw rice is ready. Dig a small kang in the middle of the raw rice and insert it around the pit. If fresh mash is full of sweet water, it is called "floating water". In particular, bunches of fermented grains can be rotated in the basin, and the taste is particularly sweet, which indicates good luck and family happiness in the coming year. If the mash turns red, it is called "the shadow of the sky", indicating that the owner has wealth and is happier.

Before and after the Chinese New Year, when you walk into Tujia people's homes, you will be treated like a distinguished guest, frying Baba, frying meat with Baba and a bowl of fried meat with mash, because fried meat with mash is generally a special treatment that Tujia women can enjoy only after giving birth to their children as "mother and son".

Hairy dog

On the fifteenth night of the first lunar month, Tujia people will decorate lanterns, play with lanterns to pick lotus boats, dance dragon lanterns, lion lanterns and clam shells, and dance all night to have a Lantern Festival, which is the same as the custom in China. In addition, take Chinese fir branches and build a shed outside the house to burn. The children shouted "Get rid of the dog, get rid of the dog, the dog will be useless as soon as we get to the door of the Zhangjia kitchen", which is a unique custom of Tujia people. Speaking of building a dog shed on the fifteenth day of the first month to drive away the dog, it has a history. According to legend, one year on the fifteenth day of the first month, the Jade Emperor drank a few more glasses of wine and looked at the lower bound at the gate of the worse gate. He thought the diaojiao building and thatched shed in the corner of the mountain were ugly, so he called Vulcan down to earth and burned them all. Vulcan has just arrived on the earth, followed by the roof god and the door god. Knowing that it is not easy for ordinary people to build a house, the roof god and the janitor advised Vulcan to accumulate virtue. Vulcan also knew that the Jade Emperor had drunk too much wine, so he wanted to be careless and ordered the heavenly soldiers to set up many sheds with firewood on the mountain and light them. I saw smoke and fire. On the earth, I only saw smoke and fire, and I can't tell them apart. When the Jade Emperor looked at the sky, he thought that he had really burned down human houses. Later, people from all walks of life built sheds and burned them on the fifteenth day of the first month to fool the Jade Emperor. This thatched shed is like a farmer's shed guarding dogs, so it is called a dog shed.