Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - The 24 Solar Terms - What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination?

What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination? First, the infusion drip speed.

What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination?

What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination? First, the infusion drip speed.

What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination?

What are the confusing knowledge points in the nurse qualification examination? First, the infusion drip speed.

1. For bladder irrigation, the dropping speed is 60-80d/ min.

2. For patients with acute heart failure and lung cancer, the postoperative drip rate is 20-30 days/minute.

3. The uterine contraction is weak, and the dropping speed of oxytocin is 40d/ min.

4. When suppurative osteomyelitis begins to drain, the dripping speed is 50-60d/ min.

Second, diseases infected by streptococcus.

1. Rheumatic valvular heart disease: Group A hemolytic streptococcus.

2. Acute glomerulonephritis in children: Group A β hemolytic streptococcus.

3. Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever: Group A hemolytic streptococcus.

4. Acute cellulitis: Streptococcus hemolyticus

5. Acute lymphangitis and lymphadenitis: Streptococcus pyogenes

6. Subacute bacterial endocarditis: Streptococcus viridis

Third, the tumor is the most.

1. hysteromyoma: the most common benign tumor in gynecology.

2. Cervical cancer: the most common malignant tumor in gynecology.

Ovarian cancer: the tumor with the highest mortality in gynecology.

4. Bladder cancer: the most common urinary system tumor.

Fourth, the diagnosis method of malignant tumor

1. Bronchial lung cancer: fiberoptic bronchoscopy

2. Gastric cancer: gastroscope

3. Colorectal cancer: sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy?

4. Esophageal cancer: esophagoscopy

5. Bladder cancer: cystoscopy

Verb (abbreviation for verb) pupil change

Pupil change is an important index of brain diseases, drug poisoning, coma and other diseases. The pupil diameter is about 2.5-4mm under natural light.

1. The diameter greater than 6mm is called mydriasis, and bilateral mydriasis is common in intracranial hypertension, craniocerebral injury and belladonna poisoning.

2. The pupil with a diameter less than 2mm is called mydriasis, and bilateral mydriasis can be seen when organophosphorus pesticides, morphine, chlorpromazine and other drugs are poisoned.

3. Cerebral hernia is common with bilateral inequality.

4. The disappearance of light reflection is common in critically ill patients.

Six, the role of different concentrations of ethanol

1.20% ~ 30% ethanol: humidification of acute pulmonary edema provides oxygen, thus reducing the surface tension of foam in alveoli.

2.30% ethanol: Moisturize and relax hair tangles.

3.50% ethanol: bath cooling and skin massage.

4.70% ethanol: disinfection of donor site

5.75%: intradermal injection and neonatal scalp vein and umbilical disinfection.

6.95%: used for disinfection of burns, wet compress of phlebitis and sputum, and searching for cancer cells.

Seven, the appropriate temperature under different conditions

1. Ward: 18-22℃

2. Indoor temperature of full-term infants: 22-24℃

3. Indoor temperature of premature infants: 24-26℃

4. Newborn bath: 38-40℃

5. Abdominal touch of newborns: 26-28℃ (full-term infants) and premature infants (28-30℃).

6. Blue light therapy: 32-35℃

7. Gastric lavage: 25-38℃

8. Warm water bath: 32-34℃

9. Nasal feeding and bladder irrigation, basic diet: 38-40℃

10. Wash your hair in bed, take a bath and take a warm bath: 40-45℃

1 1. Warm water bath: 50-52℃

12. Wet and hot compress: 50-60℃

13. Hot water bottle: 60-70℃ (temperature of infants, the elderly, unconscious patients after anesthesia, poor peripheral circulation and coma patients)

Eight, the role of sodium bicarbonate

1. 1% ~ 2% sodium bicarbonate can raise the boiling point, remove dirt and prevent rust.

2. 1% ~ 4% sodium bicarbonate can be used for oral fungal infection.

3.2% ~ 4% sodium bicarbonate can be used for vaginal lavage of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

4.2% sodium bicarbonate can be used for oral cleaning of children with frontotemporal ulcer.

5. Patients with trimethoprim (trichlorfon) pesticide poisoning are forbidden to use 1% ~ 4% sodium bicarbonate for gastric lavage.

6. In the case of acute hemolysis, alkalize urine with sodium bicarbonate.

order of priority

1. When handling, move to the flatbed in the order of upper body, buttocks and lower limbs; When the tablet is moved back to the bed, move the lower limbs first, and then move the upper body.

2. When rocking the bed in the semi-recumbent position, the bedside bracket should be 30? ~50? Angle, and then shake the knee brace; When laying flat, put the knee bracket flat first, and then put the bedside bracket.

3. When taking a warm bath, help the patient undress (first take off the proximal end, then take off the distal end; If there is trauma, take off the healthy limb first and then the affected limb); Assist the patient to put on clean clothes after bathing (wear the far side first, then the near side; Wear the affected limb first, then the healthy limb).

4. During atomization treatment, turn on the power switch first, and then turn on the fog amount adjustment switch. After treatment, turn off the fog switch first, and then turn off the power switch.

5. When using oxygen, the oxygen flow should be adjusted before intubation; When stopping using oxygen, unplug the pipe first, and then turn off the oxygen switch.

6. Hibernation therapy, according to the doctor's advice, first drip hibernating drugs intravenously until the patient enters hibernation, and then physical cooling can begin. Stop physical cooling when stopping treatment, and gradually stop using hibernating drugs.

Common primary problems in nursing care

The first best problem refers to the problem that will threaten the patient's life and require immediate action by medical staff. The problem of the first best is closely related to life, and it is one of the common test sites in the nurse qualification examination over the years.

1. Respiratory tract cleaning is ineffective (or asphyxia): bronchiectasis (when patients have hemoptysis), vitamin D deficiency, hand and foot convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus.

2. Impaired gas exchange: heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, etc.

3. Inefficient breathing patterns: acute infectious laryngitis, pneumothorax, etc.

4. High fever: pneumococcal pneumonia, appendicitis surgery, etc.

5. Tissue perfusion changes: kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc.

6. Insufficient body fluids: Common diseases include infantile diarrhea, burns, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, etc.

7. Acute disturbance of consciousness: organophosphorus poisoning, etc.

8. Excessive body fluids: cirrhosis, eclampsia, glomerulonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, etc.

9. Pain: myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer perforation, etc.

10 self-image disorder: after breast cancer surgery, after colostomy, etc.

Medical English and Abbreviations

1. nursing diagnosis statement (PES formula): p (problem) indicates nursing problems, e (cause) indicates related factors, and s (signs and symptoms) indicates symptoms and signs.

2. Nursing record sheet (PIO format): P (problem) indicates nursing problem, I (intervention) indicates nursing measures, and O (result) indicates effect.

3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ABC:ABC:A (airway) means opening the airway, B (breathing) means artificial respiration, and C (circulation) means chest compressions.

4. PDCA cycle in nursing management: P (planning) is planning, D (doing) is execution, C (checking) is inspection, and A (action) is processing.

5. Hyman's sign: When a small amount of pneumothorax on the left side causes mediastinal emphysema, the bubble burst sound consistent with the heartbeat can be heard at the left heart margin.

6.Ewart sign: seen in exudative pericarditis, the left scapula hears voiced sounds, and the left lung hears bronchial breathing sounds.

7. Baker's sign: seen in exudative pericarditis, venous pressure increases, arterial pressure decreases, and heart sounds gradually drift away.

8.Kussmaul sign: seen in constrictive pericarditis, the jugular vein expands when inhaling.

9. Zolinger-Ellison syndrome: seen in gastrinoma, islet G cells secrete a large amount of gastrin, showing refractory multiple ulcers.

10. plummer-Vinson syndrome: seen in iron deficiency anemia, characterized by dysphagia.

1 1.Meador syndrome: nodular adrenal cortex hyperplasia, diameter

12.Garney syndrome: Meador syndrome with skin, breast, atrial myxoma and testicular tumor.

13. Appendicitis examination: Lumbar muscle sign (lumbar muscle test), Obtutor sign (obtutator internal muscle test) and Rovsing sign (colon inflation test). The role of each test site is different and needs to be distinguished.

14. Examination of peripheral vascular nerve injury: Allen test (check whether ulnar artery or radial artery is unobstructed), Tinel sign (check peripheral nerve growth).

15. Examination of chronic soft tissue injury: Finkelstein test (stenosing tenosynovitis of radial styloid process), Mills sign (tennis elbow) and Phalen sign (median nerve compression of carpal tunnel syndrome).

16. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: Eton test (+), Spring test (+)

17. Hip tuberculosis: Thomas sign (+), 4? Word test (+), knee pain.

18. meniscus injury: MC Murray-Fouche test (meniscus rotation test), Apley test (+).

19. Murphy sign: acute and chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis can be seen as Murphy positive, which is an important physical examination experiment for diagnosing gallbladder diseases.

Some data of obstetrics and gynecology

1, the normal value of pelvic meridians

① Diameter between iliac spines: 23

② Inter-iliac crest diameter: 25.

③ External diameter of sacrum: 18.

④ Diameter between ischial tubercles: 8

They are all the lowest values, below which the diameter is abnormal, which is used to judge the pelvis and middle pelvis.

2, postpartum uterine recovery

Umbilical cord flattened at the end of 1 day after delivery, and fell into pelvis at1day. It took 4 weeks to repair the intima and 6 weeks to close the placenta.

3.① Abortion: the pregnancy is less than 28 weeks and the weight is less than 1kg.

② Premature delivery: 27 weeks to 37 weeks of pregnancy.

③ Full-term delivery: 37 weeks to 42 weeks pregnant.

4 overdue delivery: more than 42 weeks.

4, abortion identification

Analyze whether the cervix is dilated and whether there is tissue embryo flowing out.

① Threatened abortion: the cervix is not opened and the pregnancy products are not discharged.

② Incomplete abortion: the cervix has enlarged, some pregnancy products flow out, and blood keeps flowing out from the cervix.

③ Complete abortion: the cervix is closed and the pregnancy products are completely discharged.

(4) Inevitable abortion: the cervix has been dilated and the pregnancy products have not flowed out.

5, put the liquid volume

① Urinary retention and pneumothorax: no more than 1 000 ml each time.

② Amniotic fluid: release no more than 1500ml each time.

③ Ascites: 4,000-6,000 ml each time.

6. Amniotic fluid

& gt 2000ml: hydramnios.

7. Iron deficiency anemia in children, pregnant women and adults: ferrous sulfate is the first choice after meals.

8, ① postpartum hemorrhage: refers to bleeding within 24 hours after delivery, the main reason is uterine contraction weakness.

(2) Late postpartum hemorrhage: refers to the hemorrhage after 24 hours and 6 weeks postpartum, mainly the residual placenta and fetal membrane.

9. Different anal temperatures, children's box temperature settings and rewarming time for neonatal frostbite syndrome.

① Anal temperature >; 30℃, rewarming 6- 12h.

② Anal temperature

10, acute glomerulonephritis in children

① The edema subsides, blood pressure drops to normal, and you can get out of bed after gross hematuria disappears.

② Decreased red blood cells in urine, normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, so you can go to school, but you should avoid physical activity.

③ Return to normal life after normal Addis count.

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