Brief introduction of cold food festival

Many people are not familiar with the Cold Food Festival. Let me introduce the Cold Food Festival to you.

About the Cold Food Festival, also known as the Cold Food Festival? No-smoking Festival? 、? Cold section? 、? 150 knots? One hundred and five days after the summer solstice, and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, the customs of sweeping, climbing, swinging, cuju, crochet and cockfighting were gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than 2,000 years and was once called the largest folk festival. Cold Food Festival is the only traditional festival of Han nationality named after food customs. Later, because cold food was close to Qingming, people combined cold food with Qingming before crossing Tomb-Sweeping Day.

The Cold Food Festival is usually from winter to the day after 105. The days near Tomb-Sweeping Day. Before the calendar reform in Tang Ruowang in the early Qing Dynasty, Tomb-Sweeping Day was scheduled for two days after the Cold Food Festival. After the reform of the Tang family, the Cold Food Festival was held the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The definition of modern twenty-four solar terms follows the Tang family, so the Cold Food Festival is the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. After the founding of New China, many regions equated the Cold Food Festival with Tomb-Sweeping Day and celebrated it on the same day.

However, in most parts of Shanxi, the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day was the Cold Food Festival. Some places, such as Yushe County, celebrated the Cold Food Festival two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Yuanqu County also pays attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before, and the light cold food the day before.

history

? The child escaped from the world, and the mountain fire burned us.

The four seas share the same cold food, and one person is eternal. ? Is the poem Cold Food Festival written by Lv Xiang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty the origin of the Cold Food Festival? Push Mianshan to burn us? This story. According to legend, this custom originated from the commemoration of meson tui by Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Jiezitui and Jin Wengong Zhong Er were exiled to other countries, and their thighs were cut off to satisfy Wen Gong's hunger. After the restoration of Wen Gong, Zi Tui did not seek wealth, so he retired from Mianshan with his mother. Duke Wen burned the mountain for this reason, but Zi refused to go out of the mountain and died with his mother. Duke Wen buried the body in Mianshan, built a temple, and ordered him to ban fire and cold on the day of his death to mourn, which later became a custom. China used to celebrate the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival until it was changed to Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, the Korean side still retains the tradition of holding the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival.

ancient times

The source of the Cold Food Festival should be the worship of fire by ancient humans. The ancients could not live without fire, but fire often brought great disasters to mankind, so the ancients thought that fire was a god and should be worshipped. The fire offered by each family must be extinguished once a year. Then rekindle a new fire, which is called changing the fire. When changing the fire, a grand ancestor worship activity should be held, and the symbol of millet, the god of cereal, should be burned, which is called human sacrifice. After the custom was passed down, it formed the later No Fire Festival.

the Spring and Autumn Period

After the fire ban, it became a cold food festival to commemorate the famous minister of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during Jin Wengong's exile, meson tui once cut shares to satisfy his hunger. When Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, he forgot to recommend him when he was enfeoffed. Jiezitui didn't want to boast about his achievements and compete for favor, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to find Jiezitui, who didn't want to be an official and hid in the mountains. Jin Wengong's men released Yamakaji, which was intended to force meson to expose him. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big tree. In order to commemorate this loyal minister and righteous man, on the day when he retired, he did not cook with a fire and ate cold food, which was called Cold Food Festival.

Wei and Jin dynasties

During the Han Dynasty, Shanxi folks banned fire for one month to commemorate it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, ordered the cancellation of this custom. There is such a clause in the Yin Punishment Order. It's said that Taiyuan, Shangdang and Yanmen are all cold foods 150 days after winter, and the clouds push them. ,? People are not allowed to eat cold food. Otherwise, the parents will be punished for half a year, and the principal official will be punished for a hundred days, so that the pension will win? . After the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, due to the relationship with Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period? Kim? With the same pronunciation and words, and paying special attention to the anecdotes of Jin, the custom of "forbidding fire and eating cold food" in memory of meson Tui has revived. But the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the idea of commemorating mesons in the Cold Food Festival was spread to all parts of the country, so the Cold Food Festival became a national festival, and the prohibition of fire and cold food in the Cold Food Festival became the same customs and habits as the Han nationality.

Related records

The origin of the Cold Food Festival is Mianshan, Jiexiu, Shanxi, with a history of 2640 years (358 years earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival). According to Ci Yuan and Ci Hai? Cold food festival? Commentary: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zhitui experienced hardships, assisted Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, to restore Jiangshan and lived in seclusion in Mianshan, Jiexiu. Forcing him out of the burnt mountain, Zi pushed the mother and son out of sight and burned us. In order to mourn him, Jin Wengong ordered that fire and cold food should be banned on the anniversary of his death (after the winter of November 150), thus forming a cold food festival. The Cold Food Festival originated from the record of burning mesons in Mianshan, Jiexiu, and was first seen in Huan Tan's New Theory in the Western Han Dynasty. Volume eleven? What's left behind ",later in" Were "? County annals? "Taiyuan County Records" and "The History of the Later Han Dynasty"? Zhou Juchuan, Cao Caoming Penalty Order, Book of Jin? Schleswig-Holstein Biography and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics? Water ",the Northern Wei Dynasty" Qi Yao Min Shu? Boiling Cheese, Returning to the Heart and Miscellaneous Knowledge in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Guang Ji by Chen in the Yuan Dynasty. In history, the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival are similar, and over time, they merged into one festival. Where's Don? 82 volumes? Clear record of holidays:? (Kaiyuan) February 2004 1 1 day: cold food, fourth day holiday. February 15th, 13th year of Dali: From now on, the cold food will be clear and there will be a five-day holiday. March 9, the sixth year of Zhenyuan: the cold food is clear, and it is appropriate to celebrate the month and day of Zhenyuan, giving three days before and after. ? Therefore, The Grand View of China Traditional Culture contains: Roughly in the Tang Dynasty, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day became one. ? Legend has it that it was very early, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. It may be a night of thunder and lightning, or it may be suddenly cloudy during the day, but it must be a natural sight. Because Jin Xiangong is dead, at least he is an overlord, and he will not leave quietly. He didn't take away a cloud, it must have been moved by heaven and earth. It's a pity that history didn't say how heaven and earth fought, but only recorded the civil strife in the State of Jin, when scholars competed for the throne, and Zhong Er, his son, was driven out of the State of Jin and took refuge outside. Jietui, the leader of Pioneer Camp, followed Zhong Er's loyalty and went into exile 19 years. In the most difficult situation, Zhong Er was exiled to Weiguo, so he couldn't go hungry. Ministers picked wild vegetables for cooking, but Zhong Er couldn't eat them. Jiexiu, a loyal minister, sneaked into the ravine, cut off a piece of meat from his leg and cooked it with wild vegetables for Zhong Er. Zhong Er took it and wolfed it down. This just asked where the broth came from. The minister next to him told him that Zitui had been cut off from his thigh, and Zhong Er was moved to tears.

Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, but when he was enfeoffed, he forgot to abdicate. Jie tui doesn't want to brag, compete for favor, and live in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to respectfully ask Jiexiu, but Jiexiu didn't want to be an official. Hiding in the mountains, Jin Wengong's men released Yamakaji, originally intended to force mesons to show their faces. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big willow tree. In memory of this loyal minister and righteous man, Jin Wengong ordered that on the day when meson was pushed to death, he would not make a fire to cook, but eat cold food. This is the so-called Cold Food Festival. Later, with the rolling of the wheel of history, the Cold Food Festival finally spread to all parts of the country. During the evolution of the 20-year-old festival, cold food quietly merged into Qingming.