What are the specific definitions of lunar calendar, lunar calendar, solar calendar and Gregorian calendar?

The name explains that China still uses a calendar parallel to the Gregorian calendar. People are used to calling it the "lunar calendar", but it is actually a kind of lunar calendar, that is, the summer calendar, which is not the real "lunar calendar". Normal year 12 months, 30 days in the big month, 29 days in the small month, and 354 or 355 days in the whole year (which month is big and which month is small in a year, which varies from year to year). Because the number of days in each year is about eleven days worse than that in the solar year, there are seven leap months in nineteen years, and there are 383 or 384 days in a year with leap months. According to the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 solar terms to facilitate agricultural planting and other activities. The chronology is matched with heavenly stems and earthly branches, with a period of 60 years. According to legend, this calendar originated in the Xia Dynasty, so it is also called the Xia calendar. Also known as the old calendar. People often call the summer calendar "lunar calendar" because the 24 solar terms are of great significance to agricultural production, but they are determined according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic and belong to the solar calendar. Therefore, it is not appropriate to call the summer calendar the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar in astronomy mainly refers to the calendar arranged according to the cycle of the moon phase [1]. The calendar of the moon's one-week orbit around the earth (taking the sun as the reference object, the actual moon's orbit is more than one week) is January, that is, the first month of the lunar calendar is used as the basis for determining the calendar month, and a year is twelve calendar months. In agrometeorology, the lunar calendar is commonly known as lunar calendar, lunar calendar, ancient calendar and old calendar, which refers to the traditional summer calendar in China. Astronomically speaking, the summer calendar is actually a kind of lunar calendar. Calendar based on the apparent movement of the sun, referred to as "solar calendar" or "solar calendar"; The moon is "lunar calendar", and the calendar made according to the apparent motion law of the moon is called "lunar calendar" for short. The lunar calendar determines the moon according to the law of its movement: the orbit of the moon is called the white road, and both the white road and the ecliptic are two great circles on the celestial body, which intersect at five degrees and nine minutes. The moon goes around the earth and appears on the ecliptic twice, which lasts for 7 hours and 43 minutes 1 1.5 seconds on the 27th, and is called "Stellar Moon". Only when the moon revolves around the earth, the position of the earth also changes. The forward count is more than 27 degrees, and the moon runs 13 degrees 15 minutes every day, so it takes 12: 44: 2.8 to return to the moon on the 29th, which is called "the first moon", and it is called the moon according to custom, which means the first moon. Calendar Overview Gregorian calendar [1] In astronomy, it refers to a calendar arranged mainly according to the annual movement of the sun. It has about 365 days in a year. The solar calendar is based on the running cycle of the direct point of the sun, and its average calendar year is the tropic year. There are two kinds of calendar years, one is the normal year, the other is the leap year, and the leap year is only one day away from the normal year. The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar, is now the Gregorian calendar. Because there are 365.24 1995438+074 days in a year, instead of just 365 days, there is a leap year every four years, which is February plus the 29th day. After a leap of four years, it has been revised to 365.25, but there is still an error, so one leap year is subtracted every hundred years, that is, there are no leap years such as 1700, 1800, 1900, and it is revised to 365.24. Finally, a leap year is added every 400 years, that is,1600,2000,2400 has a leap year, and finally it is revised to 365.2425. There is still an error of 0.0003, which takes about 3000 years a day, so it is very accurate. The solar calendar, also known as the solar calendar, is a calendar based on the movement cycle of the earth around the sun. The Gregorian calendar year is approximately equal to the tropic year, one year 12 months. This "month" has nothing to do with the first lunar month. The month and date of the solar calendar are very consistent with the position of the sun on the ecliptic. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can clearly see the changes of cold and warm seasons in a year. But every month, you can't see the new moon, the new moon, the new moon. At present, the Gregorian calendar, which is commonly used in the world, is a solar calendar, with 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year, once every four years, once in a hundred years and once again in the 400th year, that is, there are 97 leap years every 400 years. The average length of the Gregorian calendar is only 26 seconds away from the tropic year, and it takes only one day to accumulate 3300 years. At present, the popular Gregorian calendar in the world is the most familiar Gregorian calendar. This calendar is saturated with the civilization created by human beings for thousands of years. It was learned by the ancient Romans from the Egyptians and spread all over the world with the expansion of the Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity. [Edit this paragraph] The earliest source of the Gregorian calendar in ancient Egypt can be traced back to the Gregorian calendar in ancient Egypt. The Nile is the lifeblood of Egypt, and it is precisely because of the need to calculate the flood cycle of the Nile that astronomy and solar calendar in ancient Egypt came into being. Seven thousand years ago, they observed that after Sirius rose at the same time as the sun for the first time, the Nile began to flood in fifty or sixty days, so they took this day as the beginning of the year and calculated that it was July of 19. The first year was set at 360 days, and later it was changed to 365 days. This is the first solar calendar in the world. Later, according to the situation of Nile flooding and agricultural production, they divided the year into three seasons, called flood season, winter and summer. Four months per quarter, 30 days per month, 10 days per week, five days per week. The whole year 12 months, plus five days at the end of the year, is the year-end sacrifice day. This 365-day calendar year was determined by observing Sirius, which is called Sirius Year. It is about 0.25 days away from the tropic year, so the start time of each year is getting earlier and earlier on the calendar. 146 1 calendar year later, each date coincides with the original season, and then gradually leaves. It seems that Sirius year seems to wander around the cycle of the tropic year, so it is also called wandering year and wandering year. The period of 146 1 year is called Sirius period. Later, the Egyptians discovered through astronomical observation that the real cycle of a year is 365.25, but in order to make Egyptian festivals and worship meetings held at the same time and maintain the "sacred" status of religion, monks prefer to keep the fleeting time. Later, a stone tablet with inscriptions in Egyptian and Greek was unearthed, which recorded an order issued by Emperor Ogidi in 238 BC: every four years, after the five-day sacrifice day at the end of the fourth year and before New Year's Day of the following year, an additional day was added to hold the festival celebration of Emperor Ogidi on this day, so that everyone can remember it. Emperor Ogid corrected the defects of the previous calendar, adding a year called a fixed year and other years called indefinite years. Gregorian calendar Gregorian calendar is now an international calendar, also called Gregorian calendar, commonly known as solar calendar. The solar calendar, also known as the solar calendar, is based on the fact that the earth orbits the sun once a year, which is very common in western countries, so it is also called the western calendar. Since the Revolution of 1911, China has adopted the solar calendar since the first year of the Republic of China, so it is also called the "national calendar". In order to be symmetrical with China's old calendar, it is also called "new calendar". 1949 officially stipulates the calendar year. He was born in julian calendar BC 1582, and Pope Gregory XIII of Rome designated the second day of julian calendar 1582 10 year 10 day as Gregorian calendar 10 year/0 month/0/5 day. At the same time, julian calendar's leap rule was revised. The earth's orbit around the sun is actually 365.256 days (solar year), which is 0.256 days less every year. So there are 97 leap years in 400 years. Leap year is the end of February plus one day, with 366 days in the whole year. It took 3333 years to get a day's error. There are three kinds of years: the earth revolves around the sun for 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 9 seconds, which is called "sidereal year"; The year of perigee is called "perigee year", when the sun passes perigee and travels eastward along the ecliptic, and then passes perigee at 6: 13: 48 in 365 days. The sun crossed vernal equinox, followed the ecliptic to the east, and then crossed vernal equinox, which lasted for 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. It was called "the year of the Tropic of Cancer", also known as "the year at the end of the year". Because the vernal equinox (vernal equinox and autumnal equinox) retrogrades westward along the ecliptic for about 50 seconds every year, the time of the return year is shorter than that of the sidereal year, with a difference of 20.23 seconds, which is called "precession". These three years are different. In order to keep the solar terms hot and cold every year, the tropic year is chosen as the Gregorian calendar year. It is necessary to remember the time of the year of return. In order to make it easy to remember, I made a song formula as follows: How long does it take for the earth to go around the sun? Three, six, five hours, 48 minutes, 46 seconds. 1 month 1 day to the following year 1 month 1 day, which is called a year. Older people should be equal to the actual number of years. However, the number of days in a year must be an integer, so it is not convenient to count odd hours. Therefore, taking 365 days as a year, there are 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds left every year to about one day in four years. Therefore, one day is added every four years, which is called leap year. A year without leap days is called an "average year", with 365 days in an average year and 366 days in a leap year. However, the four-year leap is only 23: 15 minutes and four seconds. There are too many leap days today. Over 44: 56 seconds, it accumulates to 25 leap, which is 17: 58 minutes and 24 seconds, which is about three quarters of a day. Therefore, a leap will be wasted every hundred years, and it will not be wasted until the 400th year. If we set a leap every four years and subtract three leap every 400 years, it will take eight 400 years, that is, 3200 years, to make up the difference of this day. Gregorian leap year: Since the earth's orbit around the sun is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds (365 days +09 days), it is a tropical year, so the Gregorian calendar defines a year as 365 days. The remaining time is about one day in four years, plus February, so the normal year is 365 days, February is 28 days, leap year is 366 days, and February is 29 days. So every 400 years, there are 97 leap years, with one day added at the end of February and 366 days in leap years. Calculation method of leap year: the number of years in the calendar year can be divisible by four, which is a leap year; Divided by 100 is the normal year; Leap years can be divisible by 100 or 400. The era is counted from the legendary year when Jesus was born. There is a saying in the solar calendar that every month is big, small and flat. The big month is 365,438+0 days, the small month is 30 days, and the average month is only February and 28 days (29 days in leap year). Number of days per month in Gregorian calendar year: month 65438+ October, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, 65438+ October, 65438+ February, 3 1, 28, leap year, 29, 3/kloc-

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