What are the cultures and festivals in Datong, Shanxi?

In addition to the Spring Festival and solar terms in the twenty-four agricultural seasons, there are also folk festivals in Datong, such as February 2nd, March 3rd, May 5th, June 6th, July 7th, September 9th, Shangyuan Festival, Central Plains Festival, offering sacrifices to the sun, offering sacrifices to stoves, traveling to all diseases and adding small positions.

The festival is full of fire.

Festivals: Build a prosperous fire.

Time: Spring Festival

Introduction: Every New Year's Eve, every household should build a tower in front of the courtyard with a big lump of coal, which is called Wanghuo, in order to be auspicious and congratulate on its prosperity all the year round.

Wait until midnight, when firecrackers are ringing, light the fire. After being ignited, the flame spouted from countless small holes, just like a floating picture, which is both warm and spectacular.

Adults and children gather in a circle, some play games, some set off firecrackers, and men, women and children will come to keep warm in order to "soar".

Usually, whoever has a big fire and burns brightly will be angry.

Festival: China Datong Yungang Tourism Festival

Time: August every year

Introduction: It mainly shows the traditional religious culture and beautiful scenery of China. The tourism festival includes the display of scenic spots in northern Shanxi, the performance of cultural and sports events, urban exchanges, the promotion of tourism and Range Rover, and the investment promotion of Datong tourism projects.

Tim Cang Festival

Festival: Tiancang Festival

Time: 25th day of the first lunar month.

Introduction: Tiancang Festival is a unique festival in Shanxi. It is on the basis of the original grain output that we want to increase the harvest and increase the output, placing people's good wishes for a bumper harvest in the coming year.

On the Lantern Festival, people will make "rain lanterns". These lanterns are made of cereal flour, and twelve are as big as a small bowl. There is a lamp at the top of each lamp and a small gap at the edge of the lamp. Each gap represents a month in the four seasons of the year. After the lamp is steamed, the pot is boiled to see which month the water vapor accumulated in the lamp is the most, which proves the harvest situation in which month.

Festival: Let's go.

Introduction: This is a unique custom in Datong area. After the local wheat harvest, the new son-in-law steamed the flour ground from the new wheat into a jiaozi in the shape of a big moon to see her mother-in-law. It means wishing your parents-in-law a happy and healthy family and a bumper harvest.

Festival: Mid-Autumn Festival

Time: the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month.

Introduction: Datong people call this Mid-Autumn Festival "Ghost Festival". In the countryside at this time, people tied paper and sent clothes to their dead relatives.

On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival, most families will steam steamed buns and dough sculptures of various shapes. Most farmers will go to graves, sweep graves and burn paper at this time to pay homage to their old friends. This custom has lasted for thousands of years.

Datong and mourning customs

The funeral customs of Datong in ancient times were quite complicated. Generally, it is divided into three procedures: small gathering, big gathering, burning paper, sending lights, farewell, funeral and recovery. As described in Datong County Records, "When I started to die, I cried countless times, finished my work and entrusted myself to my friends. All great achievements are made of hemp, which is called "dividing my head"; The family split the cloth and wrapped it from the beginning. After three days, it became mourning, and the clothes below were taken and began to be collected; Funeral held in the nave, drinking in the morning and evening; Every meal has to be sacrificed. On this day, relatives and current friends learned to mourn with paper, named: burning paper; That night, I cried in the Chenghuang Temple, named: Send a lamp; On the seventh day, relatives and friends offered wine, which was called "Sheng Xin" and "Kai Hang". You Biyan gave birth to an expert to drink; Most of the poor people were buried in 1979, and some rich people were buried years later, which was indecent. Only those gentlemen and ordinary people who know courtesy will be buried within 100 days. A few days before the burial date, you will be buried with relatives and friends. Three days ago, relatives and friends made a drink named Ciling. Yan is like a crane, so is the burial. Everything is made, such as setting up a mourning platform, setting up a soul silk, setting up an inscription, painting statues, making funerary wares, being the Lord of the gods, moving coffins, setting up coffins, and worshiping the land gods. However, Shu Ren worshiped Buddha and was buried for three days. His master offered a sacrifice to the tomb, which was called "Fu San, and then returned to the round tomb". There are also people who cry in the grave for three or five days. "

After liberation, with the changes of the times, funeral customs have been greatly simplified, especially after 1966 Datong built a crematorium, burial was gradually eliminated. Generally, people only hold a memorial service, where relatives and friends mourn and then send the deceased to the crematorium for cremation. This civilized and simple form of funeral has gradually been widely accepted by the people.

The procedure of the memorial service is: (an emcee singing ceremony)

First of all, the memorial service began, and everyone stood still;

Second, offer wreaths and eulogies;

Third, play funeral music;

Fourth, silence (three minutes of silence);

Fifth, make a eulogy;

Sixth, bow to the dead three times;

Seven, burning wreaths, burning eulogy;

Eight, courtesy.

Funeral elegy

Driving a crane to the west, the voice is still there, the years are really old, the sense of morality is always bright, the hard work lasts forever, the grief is deep, the ambition is not paid, and the fragrance disappears.

Give yourself up for others and work hard for life.

To die in memory of the revolution is simple for the people.

I returned to China in the spirit of my hometown.

Hanukkah shines on future generations, full of blood and tears.

Sad news, sad songs, I want to see my voice empty and tears.

Following the legacy, I vowed to smell it and taught apricot to be speechless.

In old age, hope is still in the autumn wind.

The voice is still there, the night is still cold, and tears are shed in Sun Lan.

Holding his grandson's past kindness is as deep as the sea, and being a son is not ashamed.

It's hard to be ashamed to be a man if you endure the present pain and cry.

Half-hearted architecture is sad and bad.

The fragrant clouds of the immortals surprised the fans of Mount Tai.

Fan Yi greatly appreciated this and went to Jiuquan to express his admiration.

The hearse was driven deeply and it hurt for a long time.

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Datong agriculture customs

The climate in Datong area is relatively cold and the land is quite barren. According to the 24th day of the lunar calendar, ancient farmers arranged farming for one year according to local conditions, which is the farming custom since then.

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Spring tide period

Beginning of spring (early February of Gregorian calendar): Manure accumulation and manure delivery.

Rainwater (in the second half of February in the solar calendar): accumulate fertilizer, send manure, and plan well the water and soil protection project.

Surprise (early March in the solar calendar): ploughing, harrowing, ditching and sinking.

Vernal equinox (late March of Gregorian calendar): planting barley, wheat and spinach, cultivating land, releasing ice water and managing ground engineering.

Qingming (early April of Gregorian calendar): planting barley and wheat, planting trees, cultivating seedlings such as eggplant, pepper, cabbage and tomato, and planting Chinese cabbage and radish.

Grain Rain (Gregorian calendar, late April): Planting beans, cucumbers, summer naked oats, millet, corn, sorghum, flax, etc.

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Xia Ji

Long summer (early May of Gregorian calendar): planting yam, black beans, soybeans, autumn naked oats and big autumn crops, ditching and repairing beaches.

Xiaoman (late May in the solar calendar): planting melons, potatoes, soybeans, cabbages, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, etc. Mow the ground and build canals in summer.

Ear seed (early June of Gregorian calendar): planting millet, beans and naked oats to supplement flood control works.

Summer solstice (the end of June in Gregorian calendar): plant buckwheat, open two hoes, prevent floods and release silt.

Summer (the beginning of July in the solar calendar): sowing, harvesting wheat, preventing flood and silting, and watering seedlings in summer.

Summer heat (end of July in Gregorian calendar): sowing, harvesting wheat, planting autumn vegetables, pressing green, planting trees and watering seedlings in summer.

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autumn

Beginning of autumn (early August of Gregorian calendar): Weeding, fertilizing and harvesting flax, peas, lentils, soybeans and summer naked oats.

Summer (end of August in Gregorian calendar): naked oats, flax and rapeseed are harvested, autumn vegetables are planted and cultivated.

Bailu (early September of Gregorian calendar): threshing, ploughing, planing yam, cutting hemp, harvesting millet and autumn naked oats.

Autumnal equinox (end of September in Gregorian calendar): cutting millet, sorghum, corn, beans, millet, buckwheat, planing yam and cultivating land.

Cold dew (early October in the solar calendar): autumn ploughing, planting trees, harvesting crops, sweeping the tail, threshing and harvesting land in autumn.

First frost (Gregorian calendar1late October): tillage, fertilizer accumulation, threshing, water conservancy construction, soil cultivation, drainage, weir repair and autumn water collection.

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winter

Beginning of winter (Gregorian calendar 1 1 at the beginning of the month): Cabbage and potatoes are put in into the pit, and they will continue to be harvested in autumn.

Xiaoxue (Gregorian calendar 1 1 late month): accumulate fertilizer, drill wells and engage in sideline business.

Agricultural activities in the four seasons of heavy snow, winter solstice, slight cold and severe cold are basically the same as those in light snow.