Who can provide some college entrance examination composition material accumulation?

Composition material-describing summer

Good part of speech

Long summer from summer to early summer, midsummer, midsummer, summer, summer.

Summer dress, summer night, hot, hot, hot, sultry.

The early summer season approaches the long summer, which is early summer and early summer, and spring goes to summer.

Late spring and early summer, when the order was issued, midsummer happened to be midsummer and summer was over.

This is a hot summer, summer, summer, summer.

Summer, summer, summer, summer, hot summer, hot summer, hot summer, cool summer.

Summer is very hot, summer is very hot, summer is May, yellow and June are June, and June is dog days.

Summer heat is in dog days, summer heat is in dog days, summer heat is in dog days, summer heat is in summer heat.

Late summer is rainy season, rainy season and summer harvest season.

Spring planting and summer harvest, summer sowing and summer harvest, summer harvest in xia yang, hot summer in June.

Summer is hot, summer is cool, sun poison, sun poison, sun heat.

The sun is hot, summer is hot, summer is hot, summer is strong, and summer mountains are blue.

Xia Shu green summer water soup summer moon cicada sings.

Good sentence category

In July, the sun hung like a fireball in the blue sky. The cloud seems to have melted by the sun and disappeared without a trace.

Spring goes with the falling flowers, and summer comes with green leaves in the warm wind.

The early summer sun shines through the dense branches and leaves, and the ground is covered with shiny spots the size of copper coins.

The wind blows with a slight warmth, and cuckoos sing from time to time. It is telling us: "Spring is over."

Grass, reeds and red, white and purple wildflowers are steamed by the fiery red sun hanging high in the air, and the air is filled with sweet and intoxicated breath.

In early summer, all kinds of wild flowers are in full bloom, red, purple, pink and yellow, like bright spots embroidered on green carpets; Crowds of bees are busy among the flowers, sucking the stamens and flying around with difficulty.

In midsummer, it is so hot that even dragonflies only dare to fly near the shade, as if they were afraid that the sun would burn their wings.

There is not a cloud in the air, there is not a wind, there is a scorching sun overhead, and all the trees are standing there listlessly and lazily.

In midsummer July, there is not a cloud in the blue sky. The sun is scorching the earth, the water in the river is boiling hot, and the soil in the field is smoking.

Under the scorching sun, on both sides of the road, ripe grains bent down and lowered their heads in the heat. Grasshoppers, like grass leaves, make a weak and noisy sound in wheat fields and rye fields, among the reeds on the shore.

The sun is like a fireball of the boss, the light is burning, the road surface is scorched by the scorching sun, and a pile of white smoke is stepped on.

It's sweltering and there's not a breath of wind. The thick air seems to have solidified.

The whole city is like a burnt-out brick kiln, which makes people breathless. Dogs lie prone on the ground with bright red tongues, and mules and horses have particularly large nostrils.

Flaming parachutes are hanging high in the air, so hot that fish in the river dare not surface and birds dare not fly out of the mountains. Even the dogs in the village just stick out their tongues and gasp endlessly.

That day, it was terribly hot. As soon as the sun came out, the ground was already on fire, and some gray gases, like clouds, like Feiyun, like fog, like fog, floated low in the air, making people feel breathless.

It was a long summer without rain, and the old loach in the field was turned white by the scorching sun. The stream near the village dropped several inches, and the stones above the water suddenly became bigger.

I don't know where the bird went; The vegetation is dejected and despondent, as if dying; Only cicadas keep chirping in the branches; It's really breaking gongs and drums to cheer for the scorching sun!

The willow trees in the street seem to be sick, and the leaves are hanging with dust and rolling on the branches, and the branches are still. There is white light on the road, and the vendors dare not shout. The plexiglass signboard at the door of the store seems to have been sunburned.

Composition materials-describing mountains

Good part of speech

Mountains, mountains, strange mountains, barren hills, slopes, forests

There are many kinds of rocks in Qian Shan, and the mountains are magnificent and beautiful.

Qinghai has beautiful mountains, high trees, lush valleys, green mountains and green waters.

There is a beautiful peak on the peak, nothing grows, and clouds are entangled.

Qifeng is majestic, and the mountains are clustered in Wanling, Qian Shan.

Good sentence category

The mountains exposed from the clouds are floating in clusters like islands.

The surrounding mountains are like a colorful cloth.

The mountains and waves are stacked on top of each other.

The mountains are dark and boundless, and the knives and axes are indomitable.

The undulating loess hills are really like the waves of a big flood.

Longshan is like a big grave, standing in the night.

The mountains on both sides of the Xiajiang River go straight up and down, which makes people dizzy.

The deep valley is strangely quiet and cold.

The ravine is full of snow, as high as the back of the mountain, and it has become a flat snow paved square.

At the beginning of the morning, the mountains are like shy girls, looming and the sun is setting.

Good subdivision category

Standing here, it's strange that the mountain has changed. Their shapes are very different from those seen from the plains or mid-levels. They become very layered, messy, majestic and strange. Look up, the mountain is the sky, and the sky is also the mountain. It seems that your nose can touch the mountain at any time.

I saw a misty giant peak protruding in the distance, surrounded by dozens of small stone peaks. A closer look shows that the giant peak is like the Monkey King holding a golden hoop, and those small peaks are like monkeys scratching their ears and cheeks. Look, the Monkey King is taking his children to kill the worse. Under the pale sky, the mountains are as black as iron and solemn. The red sun rises and the peaks are deep blue. Then, the mist appeared, and the milky white yarn separated the heavy mountains, leaving only the blue peaks, which really looked like a refreshing landscape painting. After a while, the fog cleared again, and the bare rock wall and steep rock wall were dyed deep red by the sun's light and gradually turned into bronze, which was particularly magnificent against the background of green trees and fields.

There are no villages and rice fields in the overlapping mountains. These mountains are like some drunken old people who have been sleeping for tens of millions of years. No one dares to go deep into their hearts, even adventurous hunters just go to their feet to chase goats, wild boar and birds running down the mountain, and never climb to its peak.

Nothing is more charming than the green hills bathed in the spring rain. The whole hillside is lush. Endless mist is like flowing silk, wrapped around the waist. Sunlight turns raindrops on every leaf into colorful pearls.

On the knife-shaped hill, there are wisps of milky white fog, and a slender line is faintly visible in the fog.

This stone wall is like a skyscraper on its back, so high that it will collapse and be aggressive. On the top of the mountain, the dense forest seems to be a huge black felt hat buckled on the cliff, and clusters of unknown wild flowers leap from the stone wall.

Examination room composition material: environment

1. environment

A famous motto

1, "A calm sea never makes an experienced sailor." -English proverb

Walking on the shore of the sea of knowledge, you can only get a little foam and a bunch of spray. Only by fearlessly investing in the sea of knowledge and practicing the ability to control the wind and waves can we obtain inexhaustible treasures in the sea.

There is no storm, the sail is just a rag.

4, don't think about building the sea, you must start from the river.

A drop of water will never dry up until it is thrown into the sea.

Use creativity

Hard environment can cultivate talents. Throughout the ages, people who have made great achievements are mostly those who stand out from adversity. "It's not a cold, how can plum blossoms smell?" "If the sky is going to drop people, they must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and confuse their actions. Therefore, they must be patient and have what they can't do." Individuals can only play their own value in the collective.

Wonderful material 1

Lin Deman crossed the Atlantic alone.

1920 in July, the German psychiatrist Lin Deman announced to the world that he would cross the Atlantic alone, the sea of death. The reason is that he wants to do an experiment with himself to prove what effect strengthening self-confidence will have on people's psychology and muscles.

Prior to this, more than 65,438+000 German youths joined the transatlantic adventure, but none of them survived. At that time, it was generally believed that it was completely impossible to cross the Atlantic alone.

After Lin Deman sailed alone for ten days, the cabin was flooded and the mast was interrupted by huge waves. Lin Deman was exhausted and aching all over, just like being torn to pieces. Coupled with lack of sleep for a long time, he began to hallucinate and gradually lost feeling in his limbs. In his mind, he often thinks that death is more comfortable than living. But he immediately said to himself, "coward, do you want to die in the sea?" No, I must conquer the sea of death! During the days and nights of sailing, he kept saying to himself, "I can succeed, I must succeed!" " "This inspiring word became the only idea to control his consciousness, thus generating unlimited potential. What was the result? People thought he was buried in the belly of a fish, but miraculously reached the other side of the Atlantic.

Lin Deman crossed the Atlantic alone, leaving many valuable experiences for the world. What is particularly worth remembering is that he discovered the real cause of the death of more than 0/00 pioneers before: it was neither the capsizing of the hull nor the limit of physical ability, but the loss of courage and confidence caused by mental despair. When people are in an unbearable state, what they need most is motivation. However, the first inspiring voice a person hears comes from your own heart. In any case, no one else can motivate themselves like themselves. The encouragement of others is your support, and self-motivation will bring you infinite strength.

Material dialing

Survival depends on confidence. The story is a little simple, but it tells us a fact: sometimes life and death, success and failure are just the difference, the next step is the vast sky, and the next step is the abyss. When you reach the physical and psychological limits, maybe spiritual will can help you overcome difficulties.

Applicable theme

Facing difficulties, confidence and success, self-motivation, will and success.

Wonderful material 2

Face the most difficult problem

Many people gathered around a retired old captain and listened to his stories about all kinds of adventures during his life's voyage, the most fascinating of which was the thrilling journey of the old captain fighting the storm.

When talking about the unpredictable weather at sea, someone asked the old captain, "If your ship is sailing at sea, it is predicted by the weather forecast that there is a huge storm circle on the sea ahead, which is coming towards your ship. Excuse me, with your experience, what would you do? "

The old captain smiled and asked the questioner, "What would you do if it were you!" " "

The questioner tilted his head for a moment and replied, "Go back. Turn the bow 180 degrees away from the storm circle. This should be the safest way? "

The old captain shook his head and said, "no, when you turn around and drive back, the storm circle will still meet your ship;" By doing so, you will prolong the contact time between your ship and the storm circle, which is very dangerous. "

Another person is busy: "Well, then you turn the bow 90 degrees to the left or right, and try to get rid of the threat of the storm circle?"

The old captain still shook his head and smiled: "Still no good. If this is done, the entire side of the hull will be exposed to the raging storm, increasing the contact area with the storm circle, and the result will be more dangerous. "

Everyone was puzzled and asked, "What if all these methods failed?"

The old captain said firmly, "There is only one way, and that is to hold your steering wheel firmly, so that your bow can face the storm circle impartially and move on." Only in this way can we minimize the contact area with the storm circle; At the same time, due to the relative acceleration between your ship and the storm circle, you can also reduce the contact time with the storm circle. You will find that soon, you have safely passed through the storm circle to meet another clear blue sky. "

When they heard the silence here, they could not help but be impressed by the wisdom of the old captain.

Material dialing

In the face of difficulties, it is useless to run away, because it will catch you sooner or later. The only way is to go forward bravely.

Applicable theme

Facing difficulties, experiencing success and meeting challenges.

Wonderful material 3

An old saying saved a fishing village.

When the tsunami swept through southern Thailand, 18 1 villagers in a local fishing village had fled to a temple on a high mountain, thus avoiding the disaster.

What gives these fishermen a magical feeling? Casare, a 65-year-old village head, said that their ancestors left them an old saying: "If the sea recedes quickly, when it reappears, its speed and flow will be exactly the same." This fishing village has been closely related to the sea for generations, and it is called "the wanderer of Morgan Sea" in Thailand. They spent the whole rainy season sailing at sea, from India to Indonesia, and then back to Thailand. From April to 65438+February every year, they catch fish and shrimp along the coast. Every May, they pray to the sea and ask for its forgiveness. Experts believe that the rapid retreat of a large amount of seawater is indeed a sign that a tsunami is about to happen. At this time, many fishermen are just busy picking up the fish washed to the beach by the waves, and the "wanderer of Morgan Sea" who has heard the old saying has set off for the top of the mountain.

Material dialing

With the development of science and technology, many people have regarded ancient religion as an outdated thing, but the "vagabond in the Morgan Sea" has escaped the disaster by virtue of ancient religion.

Applicable theme

Inheritance and development, experience and intuition, experience and success.

Wonderful material 4

dust storm/devil

The sandstorm disaster in China is getting worse and worse. According to experts' statistics, from 1952 to 1993, the number of sandstorms in northwest China is: 5 in 1950s, 8 in 1960s, 0/3 in 1970s and 0/4 in 1980s. 1993 A severe black storm happened. After that, it happened at least once a year in April and May in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, and it happened 8 times in succession in 2000. According to authoritative experts' analysis, in 10-20 years, in the face of increasing population and deteriorating ecological environment, if effective measures are not taken, the frequency, intensity and harm of sandstorms in China may be further aggravated. Sandstorms confirm the deterioration of the environment, but when sandstorms can't be rolled up, they bring about the deterioration of our mood.

Material dialing

What will be brought to us by the frequency, intensity and harm of sandstorms?

Applicable theme

Survival and environment, environment and development and environment and mentality.

Examination room composition material: mountains and rivers

A famous motto

1, the mountain is not high, there is a fairy, then the name (Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription")

2. Stones from other mountains can attack jade.

Even if you climb to the highest mountain, you can only take one step at a time.

A journey of a thousand miles begins with an idea, and everything that can be done should be done step by step and in a down-to-earth manner. Because people are in different positions and starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided; To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice.

Wonderful material 1

Riddles in the valley

There is a tidal valley in Quebec, Canada. There is nothing special about this valley. The only thing that can attract people's attention is that its western slope is covered with cedars, cypresses, nuzhen and other trees, while the landscape of Dongpo with only cedars is a mystery. Many people don't know why, and there has never been a satisfactory conclusion. It was a couple who solved the mystery.

It was a winter, and the couple's marriage was on the verge of breaking up. In order to find their old love again, they are going to have a romantic trip. When they came to the valley, it snowed heavily and they set up their tents. Looking at the heavy snow flying all over the sky, along the wind direction, the snow on Dongpo is always bigger and denser than that on the west slope. After a while, a thick layer fell on the cedar. But when the snow reaches a certain thickness, the elastic branches of cedar will bend down until the snow falls off the branches. In this way, the cedar is still intact after repeated snowfalls and falls. But other trees, without these skills, many branches were crushed. And those trees on the west slope, because of the lack of snow, always some trees survived. Therefore, in addition to cedar, there are cypress, nuzhen and other trees on the west slope.

The wife discovered the secret and said to her husband, "Dongpo must have grown on a miscellaneous tree, but it was destroyed by heavy snow because it could not bend." The husband nodded yes. Later, they seemed to understand something, kissing and hugging each other.

Material dialing

So is life. In our decades of life, we are often subjected to all kinds of pressures, big and small, internal and external, and we should bear these pressures as much as possible. When you really can't stand it, you should learn to bend down and give way like a cedar, so that you won't be crushed and create a living environment for yourself.

Applicable theme

Stress, decompress yourself, bend straight, change yourself to adapt to the environment, and learn to survive.

Wonderful material 2

I'll go if the mountain doesn't come.

A master led several disciples to meditate and realize the Tao. The apprentice said, "Master, we heard that you know a lot of magic. Can you show us? " The master said, "Well, I'll show you the method of moving mountains.". I will move the opposite mountain. " As the master spoke, he began to meditate. An hour has passed, and the opposite mountain is still opposite. The disciples said, "Master, why don't you come over?" The master said unhurriedly, "Since the mountain can't come, I will go there." He stood up and walked to the opposite mountain.

Material dialing

"If the mountain doesn't come, I'll go there" implies a truth. To do one thing, when a method is difficult to work, you might as well change your way of thinking and angle. Just like sailing on the sea, Lin, maybe we can't change the direction of the wind, but we can change the direction of the sail. Persistence is the enemy of success, and flexibility is the shortcut to success.

Applicable theme

"Change yourself and adapt to the environment", "Be willful and flexible"

Wonderful material 3

Black snowflake

199 1 In the summer of, a mountaineering expedition began to climb the Himalayas. When the mountaineering team walked halfway up the mountain, a large dark cloud appeared from nowhere and pressed to the top of the mountain. At the moment, the wind is blowing hard and snowflakes are everywhere. The falling snowflakes and the snow on the mountain rose and danced, and the snowflakes scraped the players' faces like knives. It is impossible to climb a mountain. The explorers can only find a leeward rock wall to hide, hoping to climb the mountain after the storm.

"Look, black snow!" Suddenly a player screamed. The players followed his gesture and saw that the snowflake was not so white, but also mixed with some gray snow. Gradually, the snow is getting bigger and bigger, and the snowflakes are getting darker and darker. The black snow in the sky whirled and roared. The sky, like a demon in a black robe, covered the sun and darkened as if it had entered the night. The team members smelled a very unpleasant smell from the falling black snowflakes, accompanied by a pungent sour taste, which made people feel sick and queasy. What the hell is going on here?

The snow finally stopped and the sky became bright. I looked around and saw a black mass everywhere. The white and holy Himalayan snow peak turned into a black snow peak, and the black kwekwe stood quietly, losing the radiant and bright appearance of the goddess. The clothes of the team members were also covered with black snow, which was disgusting but difficult to wipe off. The mountaineering plan was cancelled after a setback.

A black snow fell in the Himalayas, which quickly attracted the attention of scientists and environmentalists. After laboratory investigation, it turns out that black snow contains a lot of fine carbon particles and some asphalt particles, as well as a dissolved substance of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, so it will produce a pungent sour taste.

So, how are these black snows formed? It turned out that they came from distant Kuwait. 199 1 In the Gulf War in Kuwait at the beginning of the year, Iraq was defeated and retreated, and hundreds of oil wells in Kuwait were ignited. The flames were soaring, black smoke covered the sky, and a large number of oil pollutants drifted away. After the oil burned, the dust floated high into the sky and condensed into black snow after a long journey. As a result, this rare black snow fell on the white snow peaks in the Himalayas.

Material dialing

How many innocent lives have been taken away by frequent wars in the Gulf! How many countries are affected by this terrible black snow?

Applicable theme

"Environmental Pollution", "Environment and War" and "Environmental Protection"

Examination room composition material: river

2. River

A famous motto

1. This river can reach its destination because it knows how to avoid obstacles.

2. Wide rivers are calm, and educated people are humble. (Indian proverb)

3. Only by sparing no effort can Mount Tai become high; Rivers can only become bigger if they don't choose small streams.

Use creativity

Learn to survive. Learning to be tolerant is as meaningful as a river.

Wonderful material 1

There is a small river flowing down from a distant mountain and passing through many villages and forests. Finally, it came to a desert. It thought, "I have crossed many obstacles, and this time I should be able to cross this desert!" " "When it decided to cross the desert, it found that its river gradually disappeared in the sediment. It tried again and again, always in vain. So, I was discouraged: "Maybe this is my life, and I will never reach the legendary vast sea." It talks to itself in dismay. At this time, a deep voice came from around: "If the breeze can cross the desert, so can your river.". "So this is the voice from the desert. The little river replied unconvinced, "that's because the breeze can fly over the desert, but I can't." "Because you stick to your original appearance, you will never cross this desert. You must let the breeze take you across the desert and reach your destination. You must give up yourself now and let yourself evaporate into the breeze. " The desert said in its deep voice. Xiaohe never knew that there was such a thing: "Give up me now and disappear in the breeze? "no! No! " Xiaohe can't accept such a concept, after all, there has never been such an experience. Giving up the present self, isn't that equal to self-destruction? "How do I know this is true?" Xiaohe asked. "The breeze may contain moisture and then drift across the desert. When it reaches the right position, it will release water vapor and turn it into rain. These rains will form a river and move on. " The desert answered patiently. "Then am I still the original river?" Xiaohe asked. "It can be said that it is, or it can be said that it is not." The desert replied, "Whether you are a river or invisible steam, your inner nature has never changed." You will insist that you are a river, because you never know your inner nature. "At this time, in the heart of the river, I vaguely remembered one thing: before I became a river, it seemed to be carried halfway up a mountain inland by a breeze, and then turned into rain, which became the river today. So, the river finally got up the courage, jumped into the open arms of the breeze and disappeared in the breeze, letting the breeze take it with it to the dream of life.

Material dialing

Our life course is also like a small river. If you want to overcome all kinds of obstacles in life and realize what you want, you need to let go of yourself, change yourself and surpass your wisdom and courage. Only in this way can life continue to grow!

Applicable theme

Flexibility and flexibility, flexibility and success, self-change, self-transcendence, destruction and remodeling, for the dream in my heart.

Wonderful material 2

Many people drink the water from the same river, but some people drink it with golden cups and jade lamps, some people drink it with porcelain bowls and mud cups, and some people simply drink it with their hands. Therefore, people who use jade feel much nobler, while people who use clay porcelain feel much poorer. Only people with water in their hands will happily say, "It's good to quench their thirst!" "

The essence of life is that you drink water, not a cup full of water. True nobility is that you drink sweeter water, not luxurious cups.

Material dialing

Three people drink water in different ways, which essentially represents three different attitudes towards life. The first two kinds of people don't see the essence of life and don't understand the true value of life. Only those who drink with water in their hands can truly enjoy the joy and happiness of life.

Applicable theme

Poverty and nobility, appearance and essence, life value, life fun, life essence.

Wonderful material 3

If you can't cross the river, pick an apple.

An old monk, surrounded by a group of devout disciples. On this day, he told his disciples to go to Nanshan to pick up a load of firewood every day. The disciples hurried to the river not far from the mountain and were dumbfounded. I saw the flood rushing down from the mountain, and I couldn't cross the river to collect firewood in any case.

Without success, the disciples were a little depressed. There is only one young monk and master who are calm and stand opposite each other. When the master asked him why, the young monk took an apple out of his pocket and handed it to the master, saying that he could not cross the river to collect firewood. When he saw an apple tree by the river, I picked the only apple on it.

Later, the young monk became a descendant of the master.

Material dialing

There are endless roads and rivers in the world. However, it is also a kind of wisdom for the river to turn around and come back, but the real wise man has to do one thing by the river: fly a kite and pick an "apple". Throughout ancient and modern times, people who hold such a life and life belief have finally achieved a breakthrough and transcendence of life.

Applicable theme

Wisdom of Life, Conformity and Flexibility

Wonderful material 4

Wrong love can be a kind of injury.

The entrance to the village is the big river. Water brings joy to children in the village, but sometimes it also brings sadness to parents? It is inevitable that children will be swallowed up by the river.

A family near the entrance to the village had a son. When they were five or six years old, their parents were worried when they found their children playing in the river with other older children. How long will you hate such a baby pimple if you go with the flow? The first time, they beat the children cruelly, and then they locked them up, watched them, stared at them, and even threatened not to give them food, with only one purpose, that is, not to let the children set foot on the river. My son often listens to another child, calling his friends and playing in the water. Sometimes he can't help but move his steps. However, the stern eyes of parents always douse the desire in his eyes.

When my son/kloc-0 was 0/0 years old, a terrible flood flooded the village and all the other children escaped with the help of adults. Their child choked a few mouthfuls of turbid water, and with fright, he left them in a hurry. Sad parents only know how to spoil their children, but in the end they don't understand: to love children by the river, you must learn to swim.

Material dialing

Sad parents should wake up. It is absolutely wrong to spoil their children. Letting go is wrong, and doting on children will also sacrifice their future.

Applicable theme

Caring and Spoiling, Love and Injury, Wrong Love and Parents' Loved Son have far-reaching influence.

Wonderful material 5

Crocodile pool

On the dry African continent in summer, a group of hungry crocodiles are trapped in a pond whose water supply is about to be cut off. Stronger crocodiles have begun to eat the jungle, and the theory of natural selection and the survival of the strong is being staged. At this time, a small and brave crocodile got up and left the almost dry pond, heading for unknown land. As the drought continues, the water in the pond is becoming more and more turbid and scarce. The strongest crocodile has eaten many of its own kind, and the rest seems destined to be swallowed. However, there are no crocodiles left. Perhaps it is safer to live in muddy water and wait for the fate of being eaten sooner or later than to leave and not know where the water is. The pond finally dried up completely, and the only remaining crocodile died of hunger and thirst. It still guards its cruel kingdom to the death. However, what about the little crocodile who bravely left? After many days of trekking, fortunately, it didn't give up halfway, but found an oasis with rich aquatic plants on the arid land.

Material dialing

Facts have proved that natural selection may not make the strong survive, and the little crocodile has luck, but it knows how to choose to leave, which proves the philosophy of survival of the fittest. Changing ideas can change fate. Persistence should also have a long-term vision and see the future. Blind conservatism and ruthlessness are not worth taking.

Applicable theme

Persistence and transformation, changing ideas, learning to give up, natural selection, survival of the fittest.