Festivals related to the lunar calendar

At least since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's calendar has been dominated by Yin and Yang calendars, and by the Western Han Dynasty, its trend has been irreversible. In traditional festivals, there are few related to the dry calendar, and some even changed the date of the lunar calendar for convenience.

Social Day-the day of offering sacrifices to the land gods in ancient times. Spring and autumn festivals are divided into Spring Club and Autumn Club. On the fifth day after the beginning of spring, around the vernal equinox, it is a day for farmers to pray for the new year. The fifth day after beginning of autumn is the autumnal equinox. In this way, the ancient working people not only expressed their good wishes to reduce natural disasters and get a bumper harvest, but also used this festival to carry out entertainment activities that were very rare for them. When social day comes, people gather together to compete, perform various cooperative performances and hold a collective feast, which is very lively.

Dragon Boat Festival-Dragon Boat Festival was not originally on the fifth day of May. Ma Guangting, a doctor of folklore, said: During the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, the date of the Dragon Boat Festival was different from year to year. According to the law, it should be on the first afternoon day of the afternoon month (mostly corresponding to the fifth day of the fifth lunar month). However, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the lunar calendar became more and more popular, and he began to use numbers instead of calculating the noon day of the afternoon month, and directly set the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May.

There are many theories about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Now more research results prove that the Dragon Boat Festival in China originated from the Summer Solstice Festival of the Yue people in Gudelo, and experienced the evolution from the Summer Solstice Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May. In ancient times, Luoyue people worshipped the sun, and found the earliest sacrificial altar measuring astronomical phenomena on the Tropic of Cancer in China on the four day order of Daming Mountain, Zushan, Max Loehr. It shows that the Guluoyue people invented the calendar while inventing rice farming. The earliest calendar of Luoyue people is solar calendar. In the solar calendar, the solstice in summer is set as the center of the year when the sun shines strongest in the Tropic of Cancer, and the solstice in winter is set as the end and beginning of the year when the sun sets weakest. After the Yin-Yang calendar and the methods of the year, month and day of the main branch became popular, the Yue people in Gudelo set the noon month where the summer solstice is located as the month with the highest yang in a year, and thought that the first afternoon day of the afternoon month was the day when the sun was in the middle, so they set the first afternoon day of the afternoon month as the day of sacrifice and yang adjustment, which was called Dragon Boat Festival sacrifice. Because noon belongs to horses in China's zodiac, the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the Joyo-Joyo Festival or the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Because the day of the Dragon Boat Festival is different every year, in the Han Dynasty, in order to facilitate the festival, the court stipulated that the Dragon Boat Festival should be changed to the fifth day of May every year, so the Dragon Boat Festival evolved into the fifth day of May now.

Xie Shouqiu, president of Guangxi Falling Moon Culture Research Association, said in an interview that afternoon is not exactly the same as May, because it starts from the solar terms of the canopy and ends from the summer solstice. The real Dragon Boat Festival is the first afternoon Sunday in the afternoon month, such as the fifth day of Wu Gengyue in Wu Jianian, that is, the Gregorian calendar 2065438+June 16 (the 19th day of the fifth lunar month).

Entering the plum blossom and leaving the plum blossom-these two days are determined according to the combination of solar terms and dry branches. According to the calendar, the first third day after mango seeds is plum blossom, and the first last day in Xia Hou is plum blossom. If the weather on the awning day is C, it is designated as entering the plum blossom, and if it is not in the shallow summer, it is designated as leaving the plum blossom. China's almanac records the beginning and end of the mildew rain: it is called "mildew" from the beginning and "mildew" all the time, which is also the name of entering and leaving Mei.

"In reality, we can't rely on the arrival and departure of plums on the calendar to guide production and life, but to listen to the Meiyu forecast released by the Meteorological Observatory." Meteorologists say that the rainy season in meteorology refers to the frequent precipitation process from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to southern Japan from mid-late June to early July every year. At this time, the plum is ripe, so it is called "plum rain"; Therefore, the stage is high in temperature and humidity, and objects are easy to get wet and moldy, which is also called "mildew rain". The occurrence period of plum rains varies from place to place.

Three volts —— The third day after long summer is the "first volt", the fourth day after long summer is the "middle volt", and the first day after beginning of autumn is the "last volt", all of which are called "three volts". Both "initial stay" and "final stay" are 10 days, and the number of days of stay is not fixed. This is because when there are four Geng days between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn, the middle period is 65,438+00 days, and when there are five Geng days, it is 20 days, so the "middle period" to the "final period" is sometimes 65,438+00 days, and sometimes it is 20 days. For example, 20 14 is the dog days, July 18 is the first squat, July 28 is the middle squat, August 7 is the final squat, and August 17 is the coming out of the closet, which is 30 days.

The dog days are characterized by high temperature, low air pressure and high air humidity. This meteorological condition has a negative impact on human health.

Health experts reminded that the public should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and reduce the unnecessary going out from summer to ambush. If you go out, you should take protective measures; Pay attention to timely hydration and often drink cold water, sour plum soup, mung bean soup, drinks and so on. Eat more bitter and acidic foods; Avoid overwork and ensure adequate rest and sleep.

La Ri-the third day after winter to the sun was considered as La Ri in the Han Dynasty, offering sacrifices to gods. The eighth day of December is regarded as the twelfth lunar month, referred to as Laba for short, and people still have the habit of drinking Laba porridge. It is also the "Buddha Enlightenment Day". It is said that Sakyamuni attained enlightenment on that day.