What are the basic items of car maintenance?

Automobile maintenance is a preventive work to inspect, clean, supplement, lubricate, adjust or replace some parts of the automobile in a certain period of time, which is also called automobile maintenance. Modern automobile maintenance mainly includes engine system, gearbox system, air conditioning system, cooling system, fuel system and power steering system. The purpose of automobile maintenance is to keep the automobile clean and tidy, keep the technical condition normal, eliminate hidden dangers, prevent faults, slow down the deterioration process and prolong the service life.

Automobile maintenance project

1. Change oil

Actually, engine oil is lubricating oil. There are many kinds of lubricating oils, such as engine lubricating oil, gearbox lubricating oil, brake oil, steering oil, etc ... When we say engine oil, we usually refer to engine lubricating oil.

If oil is divided into three categories, it can be roughly divided into three categories. Generally speaking, it's ordinary engine oil, half of synthetic engine oil and all of synthetic engine oil. When changing oil, as long as there is no word "synthetic", it is all "ordinary" oil.

Engine oil will rot in a certain period of time. Generally, "ordinary" engine oil will start to oxidize after being exposed to the air for about 3 months, and its function will decline. In other words, if you don't drive for 3 months after changing the oil, you have to change the oil again. Synthetic engine oil for about six or nine months. If you drive, it will generally start to decay after 5000 kilometers in China. Semi-synthetic engine oil is 7500 kilometers, and the whole of synthetic engine oil 10000 kilometers.

Therefore, from the generally accepted concept, the oil change time first depends on the mileage.

Ordinary: 5000 kilometers; Semi-synthetic: 7,500 kilometers; Overall synthesis: 10000 km.

In foreign countries, the new car basically needs to change the oil every 10000km ~ 20000km. Take Germany as an example. There is no speed limit in its expressway, and vehicles can travel fast on it. At the same time, the road conditions are better, and there will be no traffic jams. At the same distance, the running time of German car engines in congested road conditions may be only half, so the fuel consumption will be less.

However, in case of traffic jam, frequent starting will increase the load of the engine, and starting and stopping will cause the engine to produce a lot of mud oil, and dust may enter the engine, making the oil turbid.

Then why do some foreign brands suggest that the oil change mileage is 15000 km, but it is 5000-7500 km in China? Never compare the oil change mileage with that of foreign countries.

Therefore, it is suggested that: ordinary oil is 5000 kilometers (driving 4000 kilometers in traffic jams or sandstorms or high temperature or cold areas every day); Semi-synthetic oil 7,500 kilometers (driving 6,000 kilometers in traffic jams or sandstorms or high temperature or cold areas every day); The total amount of synthetic oil is 654.38+100000 km (driving 8000 km in traffic jams, sandstorms or high and low temperature areas every day).

2. Maintenance of air filter

The automobile air filter is equivalent to a person's nose, and it is the first checkpoint for air to enter the engine. It is filtered through the blocking effect of filter paper. When dust blocks the pores on the surface of filter paper, it will cause blockage, which will directly affect the engine of the car, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Because the air filter is in direct contact with the outside world, it is easy to be blocked. At this time, the engine will have symptoms such as weak acceleration and unstable idle speed. The normal operation of the air filter can avoid premature wear and keep the engine in the best working condition. Under normal circumstances, the automobile air filter should be replaced every 20,000 km, and checked at 10000 km. It is best to check every 2000 kilometers in spring, because there are more dust and fine sand in the air in empty cars in spring, and the air filter is easy to block.

3. Automobile interior

The interior reflects the owner's taste, keeping the car dry and hygienic, especially cleaning the seat cushion and air outlet to prevent bacteria from breeding in the car. First of all, you can use the empty car sterilization deodorant, which can remove the dirt from the evaporator of the air conditioning system, solve the problem of odor in the air and protect your health. Do you want to remind the owner to clean the car with neutral detergent? Clean with strong acid and alkali. In addition, pay attention to avoid water corrosion of audio, radio, CD and other electrical equipment when cleaning.

4. Maintenance of automobile paint

The common sense of car paint maintenance is actually very complicated. Although the paint surface looks smooth, there are tiny concave surfaces and holes on the surface. It is recommended that the new car be glazed or painted once. Generally, the coating time is longer than the sealing time, the sealing effect is about 3 months to half a year, and the coating time is more than half a year. It is suggested that secondary sealing or coating is needed after a certain period of time. The routine items of car washing are polishing and waxing. But both of them should be done on the premise of painting or sealing glaze, because always waxing or polishing is equivalent to consuming the thickness of the paint surface, gradually making the paint surface thinner, losing luster and slightly scratching.

There are also many places to pay attention to in the daily maintenance of car paint. First of all, avoid wiping the paint surface directly with a rag or dry cloth. After washing the dust and dirt on the car surface with water, wipe it clean with a clean absorbent cloth. Don't air dry after washing.

Second, when parking, you should consider avoiding long-term sunlight, especially white and non-metallic paints.

Third, reduce the number of car washes and try not to wax and polish vehicles.

Fourth, pay attention to the timely removal of corrosive things such as bird droppings.

Fifth, pay attention to reducing driving to areas with high corrosiveness, such as the seaside, roads sprinkled with snow melting agent, and newly paved asphalt roads.

Sixth, after high-speed driving in summer, it is necessary to clean up the insects that hit the front of the vehicle in time. If not cleaned in time, it will corrode the paint surface of the vehicle in a short time.

5. Maintenance of automobile tires

Automobile tires and rims are the most easily dirty parts. So tire maintenance is also a very important key. Prepare a long-handled brush before washing the tires. If the tire is not too dirty, wash it with ordinary detergent. Unless there is really too much dirt, you may need to buy a professional cleaner. Chrome-plated mirror-treated rims can't be brushed, which will leave obvious scars. Generally, a sponge is used for chrome-plated wheels, and a brush is considered when washing in a small place. As long as the tires and the parts below the knee are cleaned, the optical fiber of the whole vehicle will look bright.

6. Chassis maintenance

Chassis is the part of the car body that is very close to the ground, and it is also the part that is easily damaged by ground objects during driving, so it is necessary to check the chassis frequently to avoid excessive damage to the chassis by foreign objects.

7. Check the brake pads regularly.

The front brake pads should be inspected at 30,000 kilometers, and the rear brake pads should be inspected at about 60,000 kilometers. If it wears quickly, it should be replaced in time.

8. Inspection and maintenance of spark plugs

The ignition system is related to whether the vehicle can be started. Car owners and friends should carefully check these parts, especially some plug parts, to see if they are rusty. Once it rusts, it should be treated with a professional cleaner. In the selection and use of cleaning agents, we should also choose the maintenance products of regular automobile beauty maintenance shops in order to achieve the effect. The maintenance of spark plugs is equally important. Once there is a problem, it will cause the vehicle to shake or stop driving.

9. Maintain the water tank regularly.

Rusting and scaling of engine water tank are the most common problems. Rust and scale will restrict the flow of coolant in the cooling system, reduce heat dissipation, lead to overheating of the engine and even damage the engine. The oxidation of cooling liquid will also form acidic substances, which will corrode the metal parts of the water tank and cause damage and leakage of the water tank. Cleaning the water tank regularly with BG540 (powerful and efficient water tank cleaner) to remove rust and scale can not only ensure the normal operation of the engine, but also prolong the overall life of the water tank and the engine.

10. Keep the crankcase ventilated.

At present, most gasoline engines are equipped with PCV valve (crankcase forced ventilation device) to promote engine ventilation, but pollutants in blowby will deposit around PCV valve, which may block the valve. If the PCV valve is blocked, the polluted gas will reversely flow into the air filter, pollute the filter element, reduce the filtering ability, make the intake air mixture dirty, cause crankcase pollution, lead to increased fuel consumption, increased engine wear and even damage the engine. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the PCV regularly to remove pollutants around the PCV valve.

Automobile maintenance cycle

One day maintenance content

(1) Signal device inspection: Turn on the ignition key (don't start the engine), check the lighting of all warning lights and indicator lights, and start the engine to see if all warning lights are off normally and the indicator lights are still on.

(2) Can pass visual inspection: check whether the car and lighting device are damaged, whether the car is tilted and whether there is oil leakage before leaving the car.

A week's maintenance content

Tire pressure: Check and adjust the tire pressure, and clean the sundries on the tires. Don't forget to check the spare tire. As well as various engine oils, check the fixing conditions of various parts of the engine and check whether there is oil leakage or water leakage on the engine joint surface.

Check the tightness of the belt: check the fixing of pipes and wires in all parts; Check the makeup oil: check the makeup coolant; Check the electrolyte; Check the auxiliary power steering oil; Clean the outside of the radiator; Add windshield cleaning solution, etc.

1 month maintenance content

(1) External inspection: patrol car, check the damage of light bulbs and lampshades; Check the fixing of body accessories; Check the condition of the rearview mirror.

(2) Cleaning and waxing: thoroughly clean the car; Clean the sundries outside the water tank, oil radiator and air radiator.

(3) Tires: Check the tire wear and clean the luggage compartment; When approaching the tire wear trace, replace the tire and check whether the tire has bulging, abnormal main wear, aging cracks, hard damage, etc.

(4) Chassis: Check whether the chassis leaks oil. If oil leakage is found, check the gear oil quantity of each assembly and replenish it appropriately, and fully lubricate all the oil nozzles of the chassis.

One-year maintenance content

(1) Ignition timing: Check and adjust the ignition timing of the automobile engine and the fuel supply timing of the diesel engine. Better go to the repair shop.

(2) Cleaning and lubrication: clean the oil stains on the hinge mechanism of the engine hatch cover, doors and luggage compartment, and readjust and lubricate the above mechanisms.

(3) Valve clearance: For engines with ordinary valves, check the high-speed valve clearance.