Translation of Dou Rong's Biography in the Late Han Dynasty

Dou Rongchuan, Duke of Zhou, was born in Pingling County, Fufeng County. The seventh ancestor Dou Guangguo is the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowen, named Zhang Wuhou. His great-grandfather moved from Changshan with 2000 yuan when he was in Xuan Di. Dou Rong was an orphan since he was a child.

Wang is Sima of Wang Jun, a general who is good at archery. He attacked Zhai Yi in the east and Li Huai in the east, and was made a Jianwu man because of his exploits. My sister is the youngest wife of King Yi in the senior year. Who lives in Chang 'an, goes in and out of nobles, makes friends with village heroes, and is famous for his benevolence and righteousness in Ren Xia; However, to serve the mother and younger brother and raise the weak younger brother is to practice benevolence and righteousness.

In the last years of follwed, thieves started in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, and Wang Kuang, a surname, invited all the soldiers to join the crusade. When the Han soldiers arose, Dou Rong was defeated by Kunyang from Wang Yi and returned to Chang 'an. When the Han soldiers entered Shanhaiguan, Wang Yi recommended Dou Rong, made him a general, and offered a reward of 1,000 Jin to lead his troops to Xinfeng. Follwed defeated, Dou Rong led the army to Zhao Meng, and the position of Fu began again. Zhao Meng regards Dou Rong as the captain and thinks highly of him. And recommended Dou Rong as the giant deer satrap. When Dou Rong saw his new career, the East was still uneasy. He didn't want to go through the customs. He thought that his great-grandfather had been the prefect of Zhangye, from his grandfather to a captain of Qiang, and from his younger brother to the prefect of Wuwei. Generations have lived in Hexi, and he knows the local customs. He said to his brothers, "The security of the world is unknown now. Hexi is rich and the Yellow River is strong. Zhang Ye is a state-owned elite soldier. In the event of an emergency, the Yellow River ferry will be eliminated. The brothers all agree. On the same day, Dou Rong sought audience with Zhao Meng, resigned from Julu County and asked to go to Hexi. Zhao Meng told me to start over, so he became a vassal of Zhang Ye. Dou Rong was overjoyed and went to the northwest with his family. When I arrived in Zhangye, I appeased local heroes, made friends, and lived in harmony with ethnic minorities, winning the favor of people from all directions. Hexi soon joined him. At this time, Jiuquan satrap Liang Tong, Jie Jun, Zhang Ye, Shi Bao, Jiuquan, Zhu Zeng, Dunhuang, as well as all state and county heroes and Dou Rong made good friends with them.

When he was defeated again, Du Rong and Liang Tong discussed and said, "I don't know how today will end. Hexi is in the middle of Qiang Hu, and it is impossible to prevent it without Qi Xin's cooperation. Generally speaking, power is great, and there is no command. We should choose a general to ensure the security of the five counties and watch the changes in the current situation. " The negotiation has been decided, and the general candidates will not give way to each other. They have been Hexi officials for generations, and they are respected and yearned for by everyone, so they promoted Dou Rong as the general of the five counties in Hexi. At this time, Wuwei satrap Ma Qi and Zhangye satrap Ren Zhong were isolated and had no party affiliation, so they were told by letter that they had resigned.

So Liang Tong was the satrap of Wuwei, Shi Bao was the satrap of Zhangye, Zhu was the satrap of Jiuquan, Dunhuang and Jincheng. Dou Rong still lives in the countryside, and concurrently serves as a surname, equipped to supervise five counties. Hexi folkway is simple, and Dou Rong's politics is relatively loose, dating from top to bottom, safe and rich. Repair the military forces, learn to shoot, and guard against fire. When Hu Qiang invaded the frontier fortress, Dou Rong often personally led the troops to rescue with the counties, and they all arrived as scheduled, often defeating the invaders. Later, the Huns learned their lesson and seldom harassed them again. Hu Qiangren, who was attached to Senegal, shocked his relatives, and the homeless who were starving in Anding, Beidi and Shanjun came back in an endless stream. Dou Rong and others heard that Emperor Guangwu acceded to the throne from a distance, so they thought about going to Luoyang to the east, because Hexi was far away and they could not communicate with each other. At this time, Xiaowei first used the title of Jianwu, while Dou Rong and others were influenced by the new moon, while Xiaowei gave him a fake general print ribbon. Xiao Wei obeys people's expectations in appearance, but he is not loyal at heart. He sent a debater Yong to lobby Hexi, saying, "When he became a reformed emperor, he soon fell down, which proved that the surname could not be revived. If you identify a master today and establish a dependent relationship with him, once you are controlled by him, your strength will be lost, and you will regret it when you encounter danger in the future. Now it's a race, and the outcome is undecided. When each team is based on its own territory and cooperates with Gan and Shu, Gao Shen becomes the king of a country like the six countries, and can also be the captain of the South China Sea like Zhao Tuo. " It is tantamount to bringing heroes and princes together for discussion. People with courage and wisdom say, "Han inherited Yao's clan system and implemented it for a long time." Now, the emperor's surname can be found in Hetu Red Fu Fu Fu Shu. Gu Ziyun and Xia, two naturalists and Taoists in their previous lives, both revealed that Han Dang was ordered by Fuxi and said it a long time ago, so they changed their names to, hoping to fulfill his fate. In the last years of follwed, Taoist Simon Junhui said that Liu Xiu should be the son of heaven, so he prepared to establish Ivanx Liu. After the incident was discovered, Ivanx Liu was killed, and the bystanders said,' Liu Xiu is really your master.' This was exposed not long ago and was seen by people of insight. Don't talk about destiny, just talk about personnel: there are several people who call themselves emperors now. Luoyang has the widest land, the strongest armor and the most clear orders. Observing life and personnel, his surname is probably not equal to the surname of the son of heaven. "County satrap guests, some people are in favor of, some people are against it. Dou Rong made a detailed comparative analysis, so he decided to go east.

In the summer of 29th, five years, Liu Jun, a long history, was sent to present a letter and a horse to Guangwu. First, the emperor heard that Hexi was complete and rich, connected with Gansu and Shu. He often wanted to attract Dou Rong to persecute Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu, and sent messengers to write to Dou Rongtong. He happened to meet Liu Jun on the road and returned together. The emperor was very happy to see Liu Jun, so he received him politely and told him to go back and send a letter to Dou Rong, saying, "The imperial edict represents the generals of the five counties in Hexi as military and political princes; Comfort you to guard the frontier fortress five counties, the soldiers are skilled in Ma Zhuang, the warehouses are full, and the people are rich, so as to defeat Hu Qiang's invasion externally and let the people live a happy life at home. Weeds heard about it, and I looked at it modestly, but the road was blocked, which was embarrassing! I have received the books and horses given by Chang Shi, and I appreciate your kindness. Today, there are Yizhou Gongsun Ziyang and Tianshui Kui General. Shu and Han attacked each other, and the power was in the hands of the general. This is very important if you have enough control. Is there a limit to being thicker in this respect? Everything is seen by the long history, and the general knows it. For the king, this is a golden opportunity for change and prosperity. If we want to establish Qi Huan's literary career and assist Guo Wei, we must try our best to complete the auxiliary work; If we want to have a three-legged stand, even horizontal and vertical, we must decide according to time. There is no unification in the world, you and I are not in the same region, and we are not countries that annex each other. Today's discussant will follow the production plan of seven counties in Zhao Tuo. The king divided the land but not the people, so he had to take care of his own affairs. Today I will give the general 200 Jin of gold. Write it if you have it. " So Dou Rong was awarded Liangzhou Pastoral. When Xi Shu arrived, Hexi was shocked and thought that the son of heaven had seen the feelings of trapping Zhang Li thousands of miles away. Dou Rong immediately sent Liu Jun to write a letter saying: "Dou Rong thought that he was lucky to be the spouse of the last family of his late father, and he got two thousand stones from generation to generation. In my generation, I have been listed as a captain, pretending to be a general and guarding a corner of the northwest. It is easier to say that it is entrusted to the monarch than to contribute to the loyal monarch. The letter is not profound and sincere enough, so I sent Liu Jun to give you an oral report. I showed it inside and out, without any concealment. However, Xi Shu is known as the Lord of Shu Han. As the Lord of Shu Han, I am very sad. I, Dou Rong, have no knowledge, but I also know the boundaries of interests and the difference between good and bad. Can you carry the true master and serve the traitors? Abandon loyalty festival, overthrow counties and retrogress. Abandon the established foundation and seek hopeless interests? Although these three are asking a madman, they still know where to go, but why should I be careful? I would like to send my mother and Dou You brothers to Beijing to verbally state my just meaning. " When Dou You went to Gaoping, Xiao Wei rebelled. The road was blocked and he had to return. Another Sima was sent to seal a letter from Hutong. Then the emperor sent people to send books to Dou Rong and Dou You, and comforted and encouraged them very tenderly. Because Dou Rong knew the emperor's wishes well, he wrote to Xiao Wei, asking him to say, "The general is the wealth of the country, but the soldiers are attached to it. When the country was in danger, the general remained chaste and served North Korea, and the eldest son committed himself to the country. There is no doubt that he is sincere. It is for this reason that Dou Rong and others readily admire the general's lofty loyalty and are willing to work for him.

Later, the general changed the solar terms for a moment of personal pique, and a war broke out between the monarch and the minister. It would be a pity if we abandon the achievements we have made and build another career that is difficult to achieve, bearing the meaning of Shandong and learning from the plan of western Shu. The achievements accumulated in a hundred years will be destroyed at one time! Is it that the people below you are greedy for work, or even so? I really regret it! Today's Xizhou is cramped and scattered. It's easy to help others, but it's difficult to create your own situation. If you go the wrong way and don't look back, you will still be confused when you hear the truth. You can't be annexed by Gongsun Shu in the south, you must join an organization in Fang Lu in the north. Changing the strong enemy by virtual communication and despising the immediate enemy by remote rescue can't see any benefits. It is said that wise men do not harm others, and benevolent people do not pay tribute to loyalty. Now that the small enemy is outnumbered, what can we say about everyone's safety? Your son abandoned his job. What can I say about his benevolence and righteousness? Moreover, you were loyal to the minister on the day when you served North Korea and bowed your head. Later, I sent my son to North Korea and sent him away with tears, which was the kindness of my loving father. If you abandon all the kindness of loyal subjects and loving their fathers at once, what will officials think of you? I have the heart to abandon my own flesh and blood and want a son. How can I miss you? From the beginning of the war, Guo Cheng became a mound, and many strangers died in the ravine. Those who survive today are either escaped from the knife gap or single people in exile. Up to now, the scarred body has not healed, and the crying is still in my ears. Fortunately, the fate has eased a little, and the general is going to regenerate the disaster. This is to prevent people who have been ill for a long time from recovering, and young orphans will once again suffer from displacement. It's grief, especially pity, which makes people sad! Mediocre people can't stand it, let alone kind people. It is easy to be faithful when listening and speaking, but it is really difficult to be faithful properly. Worrying too much about others is bound to repay evil with good. I know I will be convicted for talking to the general. I hope the general will realize what I just put forward. "Don't accept, and five county satrap DE folded military forces, hydrophobic for instructions on the departure date. The emperor liked Dou Rong's behavior very much, so he gave Dou Rong a map of foreign affairs and five cases of Tai Shigong, the family of consorts and the biography of Wei Qihou.

The imperial edict said, "Every time I think of my consort, Emperor Xiaojing is from Dou, the son of King Ding and Emperor Jingdi, and my ancestor. In the past, due to Wei Qi's words, he inherited the orthodoxy, and the long gentleman and the young gentleman respected the teacher, and developed a good virtue, which continued to later generations. This is the God of the Empress Dowager, God bless the Han Dynasty. Tianshui people, writing to General Xiao Wei, is painful to the bone marrow. Rebels are ashamed when they see it, loyal ministers are sour-nosed when they see it, and righteous people are clear-eyed when they see it, not loyal and filial. How come... How can a virtuous and thin person stand it!

Xiao Wei knew that if he lost Hexi's help, the disaster of genocide would come. He wanted to sow discord and spread rumors to confuse people, which in turn explained collusion and became his traitor. He is also a hundred officials in Beijing. He doesn't understand the original intention of the country and generals, and he adopts false and exaggerated absurd nonsense to live up to loyalty and filial piety and create rumors. Fame is not accidental, you must think about it. Now that the thieves in Kanto have been pacified, the army should all move westward today. The general should get his horse ready for the meeting. "Dou Rong received letters, with the chief rate soldiers into the Jincheng.

At first, when we started again, Zero Qiang named He Zhuzhong as the satrap to kill Jincheng and occupied Jincheng. So he sent someone to bribe him, make an alliance with him, and prepare to use his position. So, Dou Rong and others sent troops to attack Fenghe, defeated its army, beheaded thousands, won tens of thousands of cattle, horses and sheep, and welcomed tens of thousands in the valley. So, according to the Yellow River, they throw their weight around and wait for the arrival of Guangwu. Later, because the soldiers didn't advance, they all returned it. The emperor rewarded Dou Rong's words, and ordered Fufeng to repair Dou Rong's father's grave and die in prison. Several times, Qingqi was sent to offer food to the four sides. Liang Tong let people assassinate Zhang Xuan, so he broke up with Xiao Wei and took off his fake general print ribbon.

In the summer of the seventh year (3 1), Jiuquan satrap Zhu left the county seat with his younger brother's revenge. Dou Rong obeys orders, worships Zeng Zhu as the general of Five Peaks, and makes Xin Yan the satrap of Jiuquan. In autumn, Xiao Wei sent troops to invade stability, and the emperor was ready to make a personal expedition to the West, first warning Dou Rong of the date of invasion. In case of rain, the road was blocked, and Xiao Wei soldiers had retreated, so they stopped. Dou Rong went to Guzang and was ordered to return. Fearing that the soldiers would not be able to leave for a long time, Dou Rong wrote: "Xiao Wei heard that you were leading a large army to the west, and Dou Rong sent troops to the east, so the soldiers were in chaos, so they did not refuse. Xiao Wei wants to cater to the top of the military. Later, when I heard that the army had retreated, the top of the army became suspicious. Xiao Wei threatened that the East had changed, so the heroes of Xizhou attached themselves to Xiao Wei, while Xiao Wei led the generals of Gongsun Shu to guard the gate. Dou Rong, lonely and weak, lies between Gansu and Sichuan. Although he has your majesty's prestige, he should be rescued as soon as possible. The country is in front, the sinus is behind, the priorities are staggered, and the head and tail care for each other. Xiao Wei's potential Cu force, stuck, is bound to crush him. If the army doesn't advance early and doubts for a long time, then the foreign minister will be angry and show weakness, and then give me a chance to complain. I am really worried, please have mercy. " The emperor expressed deep appreciation.

In the summer of eight years (32), Emperor Guangwu personally went to the west, led by five counties, such as Taishou and Xiaodi. , riding tens of thousands of cars, more than five thousand vehicles, joined forces with the army in the first city of Gaoping. Dou Rong first adopted the etiquette of asking questions first. At this time, the army changed, and the generals were unfair, and some were whispering behind their backs. The emperor heard that Dou Rong asked etiquette first. He was very happy, so he announced its officials. So the banquet held a grand banquet, introduced Dou Rong and others, and treated them with special etiquette. Worship his brother Dou You as a captain in the car, and follow his brother as a doctor in Taizhong. So * * * marched together, and all the ministries in Xiao Wei were defeated, and all the cities were rebellious. The emperor thought that the heroes were Anfeng, Yangquan, Liao and Anfeng counties, and his brother Dou You was the marquis of Qin. In turn, the generals were named as handsome: General Zhu of Wufeng, Liang of Wuwei, Shi Bao of Zhangye, Jin Chengjun and Xin Juan of Jiuquan. After the knighthood, martial arts returned to the East, and Dou Rong and others were sent to the west to appease the original county. Dou Rong, who was sealed as a brother, has been in the northwest town for a long time, fearing that he would not be at ease. He wrote several times to find someone to replace him. The imperial edict replied: "I am like the general's right-hand man." How many times have you asked to abdicate? Why don't you understand? " I hope you will encourage missionaries not to leave the army without authorization. Let's talk about Longshu, with five governors, officials and guests, more than a thousand horses, horses, cattle and sheep, and all over the capital. At the gates of Luoyang, they presented Liangzhou Mu, Zhang Ye, a county captain, and Hou Yinmao, an Feng, and the emperor ordered the messenger to return Hou Yinmao. After being introduced, he became a vassal, rewarded him with kindness and moved the capital. In a few months, he became a shepherd in Jizhou, and in more than ten days, he moved to a big place. Dou Rong thinks he is not a veteran. Once you enter the DPRK, you are above the hero. At every church meeting, his appearance and tone of voice were humble to the extreme, so the emperor became closer and loved him more. Dou Rong is so careful that he always feels uncomfortable. He resigned his title several times and asked his assistant Qian Jin to convey his sincerity. In the fifty-third year of Dou Rong's reign, he said, "Dou Rong has a 15-year-old son who is stubborn and stupid. Teach him to learn classics and art every morning, and forbid him to watch astronomy or read books. The purpose is to make him respectful and serious, stay out of trouble, take the right path, and don't want him to be talented, let alone pass on a gifted scholar, so that he can enjoy the special treatment of the vassal state? "So please be free to see him again, the emperor forbid.

Later, when it was over, Dou Rong carefully retreated to the back of the seat. When the emperor knew that Dou Rong wanted to give up again, he let him walk around. When we met another day, Rong said, "A few days ago, I knew Gong was going to resign and go back to his hometown, so please go home and have a rest in the summer vacation. When we meet today, we should discuss other things and stop talking about resignation. " Therefore, I dare not ask Chen again.

In 20 years (44), Da Situ Dai was imprisoned for stealing gold from recommenders, and the emperor had to avoid suspicion and be removed from the post of general.

In the second year, I made special progress.

In the twenty-third year (47), Yin Xing took the post of Wei Wei, but he remained unchanged and became the master. Dou You's brother is a captain at the gate, and he is in charge of the imperial army. Dou Rong once again asked to resign and return to his hometown. The emperor often gave money and silk, and officials in charge of royal food often sent exotic food. After Dou You's death, the emperor pitied Dou Rong for his old age and infirmity, and sent Zhong Fu and Zhong Bai to Dou Rong's bedroom to persuade him to eat and drink. Dou Rong's eldest son, Dou Mu, married Princess Neihuang, replacing Dou You as the captain of the city gate. Dou, Dou Xun, married Princess Biyang from the East China Sea, a respected and powerful woman, Dou Gu, a friend of Dou, also married the princess, and a woman was a martial arts. After Xianzong acceded to the throne, Dou Rong made Dou Lin, his younger brother's son, the captain to protect Qiang. The Dou family especially dotes on a man, two princes, three princesses, and four or two thousand stones. From ancestors to grandchildren, there are thousands of handmaiden in Beijing's official residence, and no one can compare with him among many family heroes.

In the second year of Yongping (59), Dou Lin, the son of Dou Rong's brother, was killed for a crime. The emperor wrote several letters to blame Dou Rong and warned him with the historical fact that Dou Ying and Hotan Chong were divided into disasters and failures. Dou Rong, fearing to return home, sent an imperial edict to the government for illness. At the age of 20, he accepted Dou Rong's national seal from Wei and gave him cattle and wine. Dou Rong has been in Suwei for more than ten years, and he is old. It is illegal for his descendants to indulge in Huwei. Dou Mu and others associate with some frivolous children, which belongs to Tuo County's interference in political affairs. Because he was sealed in Anfeng and wanted his in-laws to occupy the original country of Lu 'an, he ordered Hou Liu of Lu 'an to divorce his wife and take his daughter to marry Liu. In five years of the Republic of China, Liu wrote a letter and reported the situation to his abandoned wife's house. The emperor was furious and dismissed officials such as Dou Mu. All the officials in Douli returned to their hometown in the countryside with their families, and only Dou Rong stayed in the capital. Dou Mu and others went to Hangu Pass in the west, but when there was a letter, they recovered it. At the same time as Dou Rong's death,

At the age of 78, he called Dai Hou and sent a lot of money to help with the funeral. Emperor Dou Mu couldn't trim himself, but he had a lot of wealth, so he often let his admirers take care of his home alone. Since the fall from power, Dou Mu and his son complained several times, and the emperor ordered him to take his family back to the original county. Only Dou Xun can stay in Beijing with Princess Biyang. Dou Mu was arrested by the county government on charges of bribing petty officials. Dou Xuan and his son both died in Ping Ling prison, and Dou Xun also died in Luoyang prison. After a long time, the imperial edict took back Mrs Dou Jiafu and a little grandson who lived in Luoyang.

In the 14th year (7 1), Dou Rong, Dou Xun's younger brother, was appointed as an Feng Hou, who owns 2,000 food cities and is the heir of Dou Rong. Moreover, when the emperor first took office, it was a small house. Dou Xian, the general of Dou Xunzi, was killed, and he will be pardoned. Dou Jia died and his son Dou Wanquan succeeded to the throne. If you die, your son will inherit. Dou Wu, a disciple of Dou Wanquan, has another biography. Historians' comments: In the name of Hao Xia, Du Rong began to stand upright in the dust and plunge into the gap between heaven and earth, so he came out of the statue of the vassal and finally gained the prominent position of Qing Xiang. This is really a man who is eager to make contributions. How clever it is to wait until his title is lofty and complete, and then put his rights aside, as if he really had to! I once savored this son's manners alone. Although his talent in Jingwei country is not worth mentioning, the ceremony of advancing and retreating is worth talking about.