How are spring, summer, autumn and winter divided?

/RES/seniorgeo/teach/ compulsory/d1/ZL/d1ZL _ 258.htm.

Division of four seasons

China and the west divide the four seasons differently. The method of dividing four seasons in China emphasizes the astronomical characteristics of seasons: summer is the season with the longest day and the highest sun at noon; Winter is the season with the shortest day and the lowest sun at noon. Spring and autumn is the transitional season between winter and summer, with uniform day and night and moderate sun height at noon. Specifically, the "Sili" (beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter) in the 24 Qi is taken as the beginning and end of the four seasons, which is divided into two parts and four parts (see the division of the four seasons).

Spring: beginning of spring is the starting point, beginning of spring is the midpoint, and the long summer is the end point;

Summer: Long summer is the starting point, summer solstice is the midpoint, and beginning of autumn is the end point;

Autumn: beginning of autumn is the starting point, autumn is the midpoint, and beginning of winter is the end point;

Winter: beginning of winter is the starting point, the winter solstice is the midpoint, and beginning of spring is the destination.

Such four seasons have obvious astronomical significance, but they are inconsistent with the actual climate. For example, beginning of spring and beginning of autumn are the beginning of spring and autumn, but the climate is still in the middle of winter and summer; Summer solstice and winter solstice are the midpoint of summer and winter, but in climate, they are not the hottest and coldest times of the year.

Twenty-four Qi is a summary of long-term astronomical, meteorological and phenological observations of working people in China, and it is a great scientific achievement in ancient China. Its division has the characteristics of astronomical season and climatic season. It is divided into four parts (collectively called eight paragraphs) to express the astronomical season; The gases such as rain, fright, Qingming, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Slight Summer, Great Summer, Early Summer, White Dew, Early Frost, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Slight Cold and Severe Cold clearly indicate the climate and farming season. Among them, the great summer heat and the great cold represent the hottest season and the coldest season in a year respectively. Summer is the second qi after the summer solstice, that is, one month after the summer solstice, which is roughly equivalent to the middle volt in the traditional "three volts"; Great cold is the second breath after the winter solstice, that is, one month after the winter solstice, similar to the traditional "March 9". Therefore, there is a folk saying that "the cold is in the March 9th and the heat is in the middle". Astronomical season and climatic season are obviously different and closely combined.

The division of four seasons in the west focuses more on climate. It takes bisection as the starting point of the four seasons. These four seasons are one and a half months later than the astronomical season in China. For example, the month and a half from beginning of spring to the vernal equinox is the first half of spring in China, but the second half of winter in the west.

Both the four seasons in China and the four seasons in the west are divided into two halves, which have exact astronomical significance. These two methods are astronomical, and it is impossible to fully consider the characteristics of climate. According to the definition of astronomy, a year is divided into four roughly equal seasons; In the same season, different latitudes have the same consistency. In climate, the length of four seasons is not necessarily equal; In the same season, different latitudes will have different durations.

In order to make the four seasons reflect the climatic conditions on the ground, we must use the standard of climate itself to divide the four seasons. Climatology usually takes the average humidity (average temperature every five days) as the division standard of seasons: the period when the weather temperature is higher than 22℃ is summer, the period when it is lower than 10℃ is winter, and the period between them is spring and autumn. In this way, there are the same temperature standards in spring, summer, autumn and winter. However, in the same place, the four seasons must be different in length; Different places, the same season is not always the same. Moreover, there are not four seasons everywhere.

-

/200503/ca64 1055.htm

Division of four seasons

Not only the climate in different parts of the earth is very different, but also the climate in different seasons in the same area is different.

There are several ways to divide the four seasons:

1. Astronomical division method From the astronomical phenomenon, the change of four seasons is the seasonal change of the length of day and night and the height of the sun. In a year, the season with the longest day and the highest sun height is summer, the season with the shortest day and the lowest sun height is winter, and the transitional season between winter and summer is spring and autumn. Therefore, the astronomical division of the four seasons is based on the vernal equinox (March 2 1), summer solstice (June 2 1), autumn equinox (September 2 1) and winter solstice (February 2 1). Namely: spring from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice, summer from the summer solstice to autumn, autumn from the autumn equinox to the winter solstice, and winter from the winter solstice to spring.

2. The meteorological division method of meteorological department: March-May is usually spring, June-August is summer, 9-1 65438+1October is autumn, 12- February is winter,1,April, July and the following year.

3. In the ancient classification, beginning of spring (February 4th or 5th) is beginning of spring, Changxia (May 5th or 6th) is long summer, beginning of autumn (August 7th or 8th) is beginning of autumn, and beginning of winter (165438+1October 8th or 9th) is beginning of winter.

In China, it is customary to divide the four seasons by the month of the lunar calendar. Lunar calendar1~ March is spring, April-June is summer, July-September is autumn, and 10 ~ 12 is winter. The first day of the first month is the first day of the year and the first day of spring, so it is also called the Spring Festival.

Although the above methods are simple and convenient, they all have the same shortcoming, that is, all parts of the country enter the same season on the same day, which is very different from the actual situation in various regions of China. For example, according to the above classification method, March is already spring. At this time, the area south of the Yangtze River is really pink and green, and the spring is strong; The northern part of Heilongjiang is cold and windy, with ice and snow and no spring; People in Hainan Island wear light clothes all summer. In order to make the division of four seasons consistent with natural scenery and people's life rhythm, the meteorological department adopted the method of waiting for the temperature to divide the four seasons.

5. Waiting temperature division method

This division is based on waiting time (five days is a waiting time). Take the average temperature as the temperature index to divide the four seasons. Summer begins when the average climate temperature is stable above 22℃, winter begins when the average climate temperature is stable below 10℃, and spring and autumn begins when the average climate temperature is between 10 ~ 22℃. 10℃ to 22℃ is spring, and 22℃ to 10℃ is autumn.

-

/kp/printpage.asp？ ArticleID= 152

Division of four seasons

Author: Anonymous repost from: Original hits on this website: 6

Spring, summer, autumn and winter are called four seasons. There are different standards for the division of the four seasons. The following are some common divisions:

1. Astronomically speaking, the spring equinox (about March 1), summer solstice (about June 22nd), autumn equinox (September 23rd) and winter solstice (about March 65438+February 2nd1) are four seasons.

2. China ancient books: beginning of spring (around February 4th), Changxia (around June 5th), beginning of autumn (around August 8th) and beginning of winter (around165438+1October 8th) are often used as the beginning of the four seasons.

3. Climate statistics: Generally, 65438+ 10 is the hottest month in Leng Yue, so March, April and May are spring, June, July and August are summer, and September 10,1is autumn. This method of dividing the four seasons is more suitable for temperate regions with four distinct seasons, and our city belongs to subtropical maritime monsoon climate zone, so this method is not applicable.

Fourth, the waiting temperature method: 1934, Chinese scholar Zhang Baokun combined phenology with agricultural production and put forward another seasonal method. It starts in winter when the average temperature keeps falling below 10℃ and in summer when the average temperature keeps rising above 22℃. When the average temperature rises steadily from below 10℃ to above 10℃, it is regarded as beginning of spring. Autumn begins when the temperature drops steadily from above 22 degrees Celsius to below 22 degrees Celsius. That is, the average temperature in winter is less than10℃; Spring10 ~ 22℃; Summer ≥ 22℃; In the autumn of 22 ~ 10℃, this seasonal method can be combined with the specific climate and agriculture in various places, so it is used more. According to the above methods, there is no obvious "winter" in our city.

Four seasons division index:

Winter is when the average temperature is lower than 10℃;

Summer is when the average temperature is higher than 22℃

Average temperature in spring and autumn 10℃ ~ 22℃.

The average climate temperature reaches 10℃, which is roughly consistent with the date when peach blossoms first bloom and willow trees turn green.

When the average temperature reaches 22℃, cicadas sing sweetly, which is a sign of entering summer;

When the average temperature drops below 22℃, as the date of going to Qiu Lai in summer, it is consistent with the scene of swallows coming from south to autumn.

The four seasons are distinct, winter is Changchun and autumn is short, winter and summer are about four months, and spring and autumn are about two months. The start date of the four seasons varies from place to place.

-

/s？ ie = GB 23 12 & amp； C2 % C8 % AA % B5 % C4 % D7 % A2 % D2 % E2 % CA % C2 % CF % EE & amp； sr = & ampz = & ampwd = % CB % C4 % BC % BE % B5 % C4 % BB % AE % B7 % D6 & amp； ct = 0 & ampcl = 3 & ampf=8