Look at the picture. (ABCD stands for the period between the bisector and the second to fourth solar terms, respectively) (1) Arrows are used on the line segments outside the earth's orbit.

(1) The revolution direction of the earth is from west to east.

(2) As can be seen from the schematic diagram of the earth's revolution, when the earth revolves to position ④, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and the latitude is 23.5 N. At this time, the Arctic is extremely daytime, China is in summer, while Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, and the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite, so it is winter in Australia.

(3) On June 15, when students took the exam, the earth was located between ① vernal equinox (around March 2 1 day) and ④ Summer Solstice Day (around June 22), which was a segment in the picture.

(4) Panzhihua City, located in the southwest edge of Sichuan Province, belongs to the northern hemisphere. When the earth is at 3 o'clock, the latitude of direct sunlight is the equator, which is the autumn equinox in the northern hemisphere. At this time, the length of day and night in the world is equal.

(5) As can be seen from the picture, the earth revolves around the sun, and the direction of revolution and rotation of the earth is from west to east.

So the answer is: (1); (2)23.5N； Extreme day; Winter; (3) a; (4) The length of day and night is equal; (5) the sun; From west to east.