Geography college entrance examination must recite knowledge points

The knowledge points that must be memorized in the geography college entrance examination are as follows:

1. Celestial bodies and celestial bodies systems.

Celestial bodies refer to all kinds of stars and interstellar matter in terms of the existing form of matter in the universe. Celestial system is a relatively independent layered system composed of moving celestial bodies due to mutual attraction and rotation.

2. Meteors, meteors and meteorites.

Solid blocks and dust particles running in interplanetary space are called meteoroids. When it rushes into the earth's atmosphere at high speed, it collides violently with air molecules and burns the birth and death of light, which is the so-called meteor phenomenon. The "fragments" of meteoroids that landed on the ground and failed to burn out are called meteorites.

3. Division of day and night, alternation of day and night, and length of day and night.

The difference between day and night refers to the phenomenon that half of the earth's surface facing the sun is bright and the other half is dark, because the earth is a non-luminous and opaque sphere. The alternation of day and night is due to the rotation of the earth, and the alternation of day and night produced by the earth takes a solar day (24 hours) as a cycle. The length of day and night is due to the existence of the intersection of ecliptic and the movement of the direct point of the sun caused by the revolution of the earth, which makes the length of day and night of all latitudes change year by year except the life trajectory.

4. Solar terms and seasons.

Solar terms are determined according to the evolution of weather and phenology, with the sun running on the ecliptic 150 degrees as the dividing standard, and there are 24 solar terms in a tropical year. Season; According to the annual variation of the height of the sun at noon and the length of day and night in different places, the sun runs 90 degrees on the ecliptic as the dividing standard; Both of them reflect the changes of winter and summer and phenology in a year to some extent.

5. Temperature drop rate and ground temperature rise rate.

The former shows that the change rate of tropospheric temperature decreases gradually with height. The average temperature drops by 0.6℃ for every rise 100 meter. The latter indicates the rate of change of ground temperature at a certain depth below the normal temperature layer with the increase of depth. Average depth 100 m, temperature rising by 3℃.

6. Solar radiation, solar radiation intensity and solar constant.

Solar radiation is a physical concept. Refers to the electromagnetic wave and particle flow emitted by the sun into space. Solar radiation intensity is a physical variable, which refers to the solar radiation energy obtained per square centimeter per minute on the earth's surface. Its size varies with latitude, sun height and time. The solar constant is a physical constant, which refers to the solar radiation intensity when the upper limit of the solar altitude angle of the earth's atmosphere is 90 under the condition of the average distance between the sun and the earth.