How many festivals are there in a year?

Overview of Traditional Festivals in China

The traditional festivals in China have basically taken shape since the Han Dynasty, increasing and decreasing. After the Republic of China, due to

Great changes have taken place because of westernization in form, but people still insist that some of them have not obeyed the law.

Set a few. Until the Cultural Revolution, the government even cut the promotion of traditional festivals except the Spring Festival.

Even for the Spring Festival, it is advertised as "a revolutionary Spring Festival". After the reform and opening up,

People began to celebrate some traditional festivals, and newspapers and periodicals made some introductions and publicity accordingly. At present,

Including statutory holidays, traditional festivals celebrated by the people account for about two-thirds of traditional festivals.

One.

Traditional festivals contain many folk culture, traditional humanistic concepts and religious factors.

It is of certain significance to study the culture, history and social life of ancient society. The following is.

List the main traditional festivals and reward friends who are interested in this field.

One. Happy new year in the first month.

The first month, also known as New Year's Day, or the first day of the first month. The first day of the first month is a year, four seasons and twelve months.

The day when a month begins. In Chunqiu Zhuan, the first month is called Duanyue. As soon as the cock crows, it comes to the court.

Before firecrackers, in order to make mountains feel ashamed of evil, the first month has its own calendar since ancient times.

This festival.

There are many customs in the first month, for example, young people and old people are well dressed, and they pay New Year greetings to each other. This custom continues to this day.

Holding and drinking pepper wine is to use pepper wine, or cypress wine. But some specific activities

Now it has been abandoned, including Han and Jin dynasties. As Zhou Chu said in Local Habits, "Zheng Dan,

Swallowing an egg raw is called body-building. "Tokyo Record" contains the first month of the Northern Song government.

To hold a grand meeting, emperors and officials will hold large-scale collective worship activities to entertain the envoys of various countries.

Pay special attention to the banquet treatment of Liao and Korean missions. This activity has been preserved to this day.

After the Revolution of 1911, the government of the Republic of China legally reserved only the first month of the traditional festival, but changed its name to.

"Spring Festival", and put New Year's Day on 1 month 1 day in the western calendar, but the government and people pay more attention to spring.

The people and the government of China have a four-day Spring Festival holiday, but at present, many private enterprises do not.

To the same extent, the Spring Festival has been appropriately extended, and some even extended to Yuan, including weekends.

The fifteenth day of this month.

Two. Beginning of spring offered sacrifices to farmers.

1 month 1 day to 1 month 15 is beginning of spring, which is an ancient traditional festival offering sacrifices to farmers.

Han Yingshao's "Custom Yi Tong" was held in April, and the Chinese Emperor changed it to February, while

In the Jin Dynasty, it was changed to beginning of spring. On this day in early spring, officials should dress up and ride on Koharu cows to celebrate.

Expressing support and attention to farming after the spring, the people also have corresponding celebrations, this festival.

In fact, it is the real Spring Festival. Fu Xian's Yan Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty said, "Respect it at four o'clock."

Let's begin. He was born in the East, but Yan was established to welcome him. [Feather Army] The ambiguity of light wings, if it can fly,

Don't get up. Mrs. He is skilled and similar in style and appearance. When the Royal Green Paper praised it, it was written in Yichun.

Jiazhi "

Today, few people know that beginning of spring is a traditional festival.

Three. Lantern festival lantern

Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is the busiest day of the year, because after this day,

Most people have to go to work. Lantern Festival is a grand event, with lanterns and fireworks. dance

Dragon and lion dances, social acrobatics, from day to night. In order to keep up

Enjoying the attitude of people who are equally happy, Wu Jin couldn't help but hold Jin Wu who was guarding the palace on this day.

Close to the guards, Wu Jin couldn't help but point out that ordinary people are not forbidden to visit the Jinshui Bridge in front of the palace.

Play. Fireworks are set off near Jinshui Bridge, and the emperor and concubines can be in the gatehouse of the imperial city.

Enjoy it online. In the past, fireworks were made up of firecrackers and fireworks tied to the fireworks rack one after another.

The successful effect, which I saw when I was a child, is more brilliant than western-style fireworks, but it is very dangerous.

Don Su Weidao's poem, "Fire trees and silver flowers meet, the golden bridge is untied, the dark dust goes with the horse, and the firefly comes."

Vividly summarized the scene of Yuanxi.

With the arrival of Yuanxi, many young women and family members of officials imprisoned in boudoir were allowed to make an exception.

Coming out to see the lights has created a rare opportunity for young men and women to contact and perform.

Many resentful love stories are described in the vernacular novels of the Ming Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's Ci in Northern Song Dynasty

"Original inspection". Yuan "last year's Lantern Festival, the flower market was picturesque, with willow shoots and moons, and people made appointments.

After dusk. On the first night of this year, the moon and lights were still there, but last year's people disappeared, and Man Chun's shirt sleeves were in tears. ",

I wrote about the meeting in January night, and I missed her for a year. That's a real pity. Xin Qiji's Ci

Suddenly looking back, the man was there, dimly lit! ",sweetheart unexpectedly fell from the sky, its

The excitement is obvious.

The celebrations of the Lunar New Year have been preserved in the rural areas in the north, and have been restored in the south, most of which are just

Limited to watching song and dance programs on TV.

Four. March Qushui

On the third day of March, according to the Chronicle of Jingchu, "the sergeant went out of Zhujiangchi.

A cup of qu shui. "Qushui" means that the river bends, the water flow slows down, and it is old

At that time, tourists drifted along the river by boat. Whenever they arrive at a harbor or a river bend, they will stop to drink water.

Wine and poetry. The origin of this festival is very early, and the Emperor Wu of Jin did not know its significance. Zhiyu replied.

His problems are said to have existed since the Duke of Zhou. It turns out that the glass is filled with wine, floating in the river.

This is the meaning of "meandering water flowing" in Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection, and it is the first time to read ancient Chinese.

People who don't read notes are easily confused by the meaning of Qushui.

Five. Cold food and no fire.

Cold food is two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day and after winter on solstice 105. On this day, fire should be banned.

I only eat cold food such as fruits and snacks. Cold food originated from the story of burning mesons in Jin Wengong.

The story says:

Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, fled abroad with meson push, and the son of the State of Jin was hungry when passing through Wei.

His entourage, meson tui, cut off the meat from his thigh for Wen Gong to eat. Wen Gong returned to China as a pawn.

After the monarch, meson tui was the only one who didn't get the position when he was rewarded with meritorious service. Zitui

I wrote "Song of the Dragon and Snake" and lived in seclusion. Jin Wengong went to visit Zitui, but Zitui refused to come out.

So Wen Gong set fire to the trees around the secluded mountain, hoping to force him out.

Push the dead willow and let it burn to death. Wen Gong mourned it and made the people not go on May 5th.

Make a fire, and then on May 5th of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to the time written on it.

This story is not recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records and Rongzhai by Hong Mai in the Southern Song Dynasty.

This paper makes a special study on it. Bird Yang Hao's song Zhong Lu. And Yao folk songs. Cold food on the road

"Smoking is forbidden in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and it rains over the countryside" seems to say that cold food comes from the legend of Tang Yao.

I wonder if the commemoration of the Cold Food Festival still exists in rural Shanxi today?

Six. Qingming shangfen

Tomb-Sweeping Day's sacrifice to ancestors and deceased relatives only rose after the Northern and Southern Dynasties because

The Chronicle of Jingchu written by Zong Gu in the Southern Dynasties is not included. In the Northern Song Dynasty, every household was required to put willow branches at the door.

The government will hold a ceremony of "drilling wood for fire", that is, using elm wood to drill wood for fire, and

Holding a dragon boat race is very lively, not a simple grave sweeping activity. The so-called "Tomb-Sweeping Day"

It rains one after another, and pedestrians on the road want to die.

Qingming activities remain up and down.

Seven. April Buddha's birthday

April 8 is the Buddha's birthday, just like Christmas in the west, and it is the state religion after the spread of Buddhism to the east.

Teaching festivals. This festival didn't appear until about the Tang Dynasty. On this day, there are bathing buddhas in temples of all sizes.

At the fasting meeting, monks presented sweet medicine syrup to pilgrims, while folks cooked wine and ate spring fruit as a souvenir.

At present, the vast majority of young people in China who celebrate Christmas, a foreign holiday, don't know the past.

China also commemorates the birthdays of western gods.

Eight. Dragon Boat Festival

May 5th is the annual Dragon Boat Festival, which is very lively. People should organize dragon boats spontaneously.

Competition, eating zongzi, drinking realgar wine and hanging wormwood at the door. This festival is said to commemorate Chu.

The story of Dr. Qu Yuan's concern for the country and the people and his dedication to the Miluo River, in which ordinary people wrapped glutinous rice in palm leaves.

Turn into rice balls and throw them into the river as bait to keep fish and turtles from eating their respected Dr. Qu. But according to Han Danchun,

"Cao E's Injustice" said: "On May 5, Wu Jun met the tide and was flooded." this

This is a custom handed down from the State of Wu. It is in Wu Zixu, and it has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. The Legend of the Moon Emperor says so.

This custom originated from Gou Jian, the King of Yue. The Dragon Boat Festival seems to have originated from the custom in wuyue.

The custom of drinking realgar wine, hanging wormwood and picking miscellaneous medicines may have existed since ancient times.

Xia: "Store medicine this month to remove poisonous gas." I told you.

The celebration of Dragon Boat Festival is still very enthusiastic in China, but it is not as popular as it was before 1960s.

There is no one, and primary and middle school students can't sit still in class when they go to see the dragon boat show. Overseas Chinese are just

I remembered zongzi when I saw it sold in the shop.

Nine. Tanabata Qiao Qi

There is a separate article on the evening of July 7, so I won't repeat it.

With Tenuto Central Plains Ghost Festival

Mid-Autumn Festival falls on July 15, commonly known as "Ghost Festival". It is said that burning paper is to pay for the dead.

Temples should be satisfied as much as possible, and the Dojo should be turned over to the undead. This festival originated from the Buddhist scripture "Mu"

Even save the mother ",so the Song Dynasty was very enthusiastic, and it was necessary to set up a stage in the market to sing acrobatics" Save the Mother with Eyes ".

According to Buddhist scriptures, this story says:

Manglietia saw her dead mother in the underworld and immediately offered her a bowl of rice.

Rice becomes charcoal if it is not imported, so that Manglietia's mother can't eat rice. Manglietia shouted loudly

Call and run back to tell the Buddha. The Buddha said, "Your mother is so sinful that you can't bear it alone."

Yes, it takes the strength of ten monks. By July 15, you should be in the right place.

Seven generations of parents who suffered in prison prepared all kinds of delicious food and five kinds of fruits, and put them in pots and pans to worship the height of the ten sides.

Monk virtue. I will warn all the monks and wish the seven generations of parents of the benefactor to enter' meditation', and then

Accept food. "Mulian did as the Buddha said, and his mother relieved all the pain of the Russian ghost.

Bitter. Mu Lian then said to the Buddha, "In the future, Buddha disciples should also be filial to their parents."

Bonsai will support the top ten monks and great virtues. The Buddha said, "Well said! "

So this story is actually a combination of Confucian filial piety and Buddhist Confucian classics, which is convenient for Buddhism.

The popularity of teaching propaganda, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Orchid Festival", in "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"

In the book, there are many references to bonsai clubs. When I was a child, I heard the old man say "July and a half, ghost" many times.

Running around ",but I don't know why. At present, most students studying in the United States only know one "Halloween"

Festival "(Halloween, on Gregorian calendar 10/3 1 day), and I don't know about the Magnolia in China.

Pot parties and pot parties are much more solemn than Halloween hippies.

Orchid clubs may have existed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but now they are only restored in temples, which is too closed.

Establish a superstition.

Eleven. The Mid Autumn Festival moon

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, the moon is particularly bright and big, which is a commemoration of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Here we go. On Mid-Autumn Festival, we sit around and eat moon cakes, then go out to enjoy the moon and have a family reunion.

This may come from Su Shi's poem "When is the bright moon?" I take my glass from a distance. . . . as long as

People for a long time, thousands of miles * * * Chan Juan. "This is written by Su Dongpo who misses his brother Perilla in other places.

Under the word. But the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival is not in this sense, or it is obviously to enjoy the moon, but it has come.

Since Tang Minghuang went to the Moon Palace with the help of the famous Taoist Ye Fashan, he also carried it.

There is a fairy song "Colorful Feather" with myths and legends. I have a post to explain it, so I won't go into details.

As for the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival night, there is no record in the notes of the Southern Song Dynasty. Legend has it that it was at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

When the peasant Red Scarf Army revolted, it took round cakes as its name.

The Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Dynasty is very lively. According to "Old Wulin Stories", the Mid-Autumn Night in the Southern Song Dynasty is all about.

People will light 100,000 lamps made of parchment and let them drift along the Qiantang River, which is the star at night.

Point on the Qiantang River, just like a star Han, a lot of fun.

Twelve. Gordon Chongyang

September 9th is the traditional Double Ninth Festival, which coincides with the crisp autumn and is the time for hiking.

A good time to stay away. Wang Wei wrote in "Going Up to the Mountain on September 9th to Remember Shandong Brothers": "Be unique and different."

As a stranger in my hometown, I miss my relatives twice every holiday. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. "

Show his true feelings for his loved ones. On September 9, Cornus officinalis grass was worn and the weather was fine.

In the days, climbing uphill and drinking chrysanthemum wine reminds people of the integration of life and nature.

So the thought of longevity.

After the liberation of the Double Ninth Festival, there were no more celebrations.

Thirteen. Laba porridge

1February 8th is the day of offering sacrifices to Kitchen God. The Book of Rites said, "Zhuan Xu's son called Li, as.

Zhu Rong who worships the Kitchen God. ",so the origin of the sacrifice to the kitchen god may be before the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Serina Liu and others wrote A History of the East View of the Han Dynasty, saying that they would sacrifice the antelope to the Kitchen God. reach

In the Song Dynasty, the so-called "laba rice" appeared in the activities of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god, which is based on

Cooking porridge with all kinds of fruit and miscellaneous materials may come from the activities of Buddhism to the folk witch gods in China.

Infiltration and transformation, on this day, monks saw that everyone was offering sacrifices to traditional witchcraft gods, and they were afraid.

It is not conducive to the propaganda of its teachings, but to hold porridge parties and give alms to the poor and helpless.

Eat it to offset the influence of "cults", but ordinary people can't care so much, so they bring it as usual.

Anyway, it is different to eat, so I invented "Laba porridge".

Buddhism's resistance to "cults" was very successful, and previous activities such as jumping into the gods were completely eliminated.

Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo in the Eastern Han Dynasty also said: "At the end of each year, a grand Nuo ceremony will be held to drive away all places.

A little evil soul. Fang Xiang thinks that God holds weapons, wizards hold brooms, and thousands of children wear red towels.

Dressed in black, armed with peach bows and arrows, they shot aimlessly everywhere. "In the year of Jingchu,

I remember seeing a record, but you can't see it in the Tokyo Dream Record.

Such a joyous celebration.

However, "Laba porridge" has been handed down, and many families still have this custom, and some still do now.

Being a clever daughter-in-law is also very rewarding.

At the age of fourteen, stay old on New Year's Eve.

New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. On this day, ordinary families try their best to get together and the whole family gathers together.

Gather around the fire, drink and eat delicious food to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, while the outdoor is firecrackers.

The family spent the last night of a warm year together and has been in China ever since.

The earth is still thick, but the wonderful programs of the Spring Festival Evening ruined the warm atmosphere.

Atmosphere.

In "The Old Story of Jingchu", it is recorded that:

Every family prepares delicious food and goes to the place where the year ends to welcome the new year.

Have a good drink together. Save some birthday meals for the New Year 10 12.

Go to the side of the road or street; Think it means to go to the old and welcome the new.

It seems that the youth league at that time was similar to people now, and they all had to bowl.

In A Dream in Tokyo, we see a new development in the celebration of New Year's Eve.

It says:

In order to exclude Japan, a large Nuo instrument was displayed in the Forbidden City, which was used by the imperial personal officer. These classes wear masks, embroidered books and colorful clothes.

Holding a golden gun and dragon flag. Jiaofang made Meng Jingchu a magnificent man. He was a general with golden shrimp and bronze armor. Yongzhen

Two generals in the temple also introduced themselves as door gods. Jiao Fangnan River charcoal is ugly and fat, pretending to be a judge. Zaizhuang

Zhong Kui, Little Sister, Land, Kitchen God, etc., * * * more than one thousand people. . . Home of scholars, melting furnace group

Sitting, Da Dan can't sleep. This is called "Shousui".

This Nuo instrument was a mask performance, but it could not be broadcast live or made into a movie at that time.

Honesty is a pity.

Attachment: Qixi Dialect Begging Festival

Yesterday was the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. In the past, it was said that on the night of July 7th, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the sky separated.

Meet at the Yinhe Magpie Bridge. Of course this is not true. The distance between the two sides of the Milky Way is very long.

Degrees are measured in millions of light years, even if you travel across the Milky Way in a light-speed aircraft.

The system can never be achieved overnight.

Speaking of which, this legend has been circulated among ordinary people in China for a long time because of its poignant and moving beauty.

Some people say that China should designate July 7th as Valentine's Day, which shows the relationship between men and women who loved each other in ancient times.

Simple, sincere love that can stand the test of time and space. . But maybe today's cynical men and women

It seems unrealistic to pick a pair of "light bulb" children across the vast Tianhe River.

The annual meeting in a hurry is really boring, but it's better than wriggling around in a deafening bar, or

For a time, the spring breeze made things affordable, exciting and irresponsible.

Of course, this fairy tale reflects the pursuit of young men and women in ancient China in that strict ethical code society.

Free love and happiness are difficult, but it is precisely its difficulties and obstacles that inspire perseverance and persistence. Therefore,

This story will be circulated among people for a long time, and it will be attached to the midsummer night on July 7.

Looking at the splendor of Xinghan in the distance, the milky way is boundless, and the unique Tiansun (Vega) is flashing, facing the river drum on the other side.

(Altair) conveys her eternal love. And that kind of "glass of water", in addition to the temporary enjoyment of the senses.

Besides, I really can't talk about much spiritual value.

As early as the Han Dynasty, the Book of Rites said: "It is the weaver girl of the moon who travels eastward, and it is also a cover-up", namely

That is to say, at least in the Han Dynasty, people have noticed the running law of Vega in the sky, which appeared in July.

The most prominent. "Historical Records Biography of Tianguan" says that Zhinu is the grandson of Tiandi. , that is, the origin of Tiansun.

Astrology: It says, "Morning glory is the name of heaven." The cowherd is a cowherd, and the river drum escaped later.

The story of the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid on July 7th was first seen by Fu Xuan, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Now, he said, "On July 7th, the morning glory and the Weaver Girl will meet in Tianhe". This legend may have originated in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.

Wang Xiangqi wrote in a poem in the late Qing Dynasty:

"Fellow married talent, grandson married river drum. A match urges a hundred years, and the powder tears are always silent. "

What he sees is the problem of horse mismatch, and what he yearns for more is:

"Chunjiang is as red as the sky, and Jinshui Yuanyang does not fly alone."

The Chronicle of Jingchu in Zonggu of the Southern Dynasties records Jianghan area at that time, on the night of the seventh day of July.

Women in every household wear colored silk thread and empty thin needles. Some people make needles out of gold, silver and brass, and then put them in

Melons and fruits are placed in the courtyard, begging for wisdom from Vega God. If a spider weaves a web on a melon, it will

It is considered as a sign of the arrival of Vega God. In other words, on the night of July 7th, there were not only cowherd and weaver girl.

The meaning of meeting is also the meaning of begging wisdom from Vega God. Vega in folklore

Goddess of Weaving Girl, she is a symbol of industriousness and wisdom of ancient working women. That night, ancient women passed ligation.

A needlework event similar to colored silk thread came to worship her, hoping to get a source of ingenuity from her, so July 7th.

Sunday night, also known as "Begging for Skills Festival", is an enterprising festival.

Later, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Meng Yuan wrote in A Dream in Tokyo that Qixi was particularly lively in the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the city of chariots and horses on the fifth day, Luoqi is full of joy, and the lotus flowers are not in bloom, so everyone can make double-headed lotus flowers for fun.

When you take it home, passers-by often put it down. "On the evening of the 7th, there were many colorful buildings in your house in court, which were called" Qiaoqi Building ".

Paving the floor, grinding wine yeast (note), flower melon, wine moxibustion, pen and inkstone, needle and thread, or children's poetry scissors, is called a girl's cleverness.

Begging for wisdom. "。 The dream of Southern Song Dynasty recorded by Wu and the meticulous past events in Wulin.

Lin 'an Qixi Night is roughly the same as the celebrations in the Northern Song Dynasty. Compared with the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the beggar's market was alive in the Song Dynasty.

The movements are more colorful.

I like Qiaoqi Festival, which is not only a part of China's ancient multi-folk culture, but also an inspiration.

A festival full of wisdom and love.

Original note: "Grinding and Drinking Music" is a Buddhist scripture "Maharaja".