Research report on agricultural proverbs

Moreover, the nodules are well developed, which is the generality and scientificity of agricultural proverbs. Others, such as "watering flowers with wheat and watering flowers with vegetables", summarized the key points of fertilization for two winter crops; It is pointed out that sweet potato should adopt different cutting methods according to different water conditions. There are many agricultural proverbs with strong generality and profound scientific principles, which need us to analyze and improve with modern scientific knowledge or through specific experimental research.

3. Public and popularity. Most of the authors of agricultural proverbs are working people, which determines that the thoughts, feelings and even expressions of agricultural proverbs must be loved by the masses, full of life and earthy flavor, easy to remember and spread to each other. Among them, the most commonly used is to explain the relationship between production technical measures and people, which is most easily accepted by the masses. For example, before pulling out seedlings, a little fertilizer should be applied to help the root system grow, but not too much. The agricultural proverb says, "When seedlings grow up, you should eat snacks", and it is just right to use "snacks" as a metaphor for the role and weight of fertilizers. It is a big problem to grow wheat without gray fertilizer in winter. Agricultural proverbs emphasize the importance of gray fertilizer, saying "no wheat, no ash, no wine, no customers". Rice lacks nitrogen fertilizer, leaves are yellow, and fertilizer is urgently needed. Agricultural proverbs use "the beige owner owes money to bean cakes" as a metaphor. After topping the corn, the plants grow vigorously and the stems are stout. Agricultural proverbs use the metaphor of "corn is broken, and its strength is as strong as an ox". Others, such as "sweet potato is not shy and has been planted until autumn", "show beige, eat a piece of sugar; Xiumi is black and can't be eaten "and so on are all vivid and meaningful good agricultural proverbs. When we inherit the heritage and summarize the characteristics of agricultural proverbs, we must grasp the mass and popularity of agricultural proverbs.

Shao Jing 23: 19:07

After more than a month's collection, each member of our research group collected hundreds of agricultural proverbs. Example: The season waits for no man, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars. There is no dung in winter, and it is not good to be sleepy in spring. Early planting is well managed and the harvest is solid. Shallow insertion and early tube, the harvest is in sight. Beginning of spring does not soak seeds, and rice is not ripe in summer. Three points and seven points of responsibility, people are diligent but not lazy. Insect control and weeding must be done early. Too much fertilization will lead to lodging, and too little fertilization will lead to seeds. In Qingming, taro is planted, while in Grain Rain, potatoes are planted.

Spring rains shake the valley in spring, and summer is full and summer is hot. Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter. The dates of the two festivals are fixed every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.

The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23. A slight cold followed by a severe cold in January keeps the potato cellar warm and antiseptic. February spring rain, the top ling presses the wheat to grow garlic. March is the vernal equinox, and soil preparation and moisturizing are the key points. Tomb-Sweeping Day, Grain Rain in April, planting melons, beans and cotton. In May, in the long summer, I went to Xiaoman to check the seedlings and water the wheat fields. In June, awns are sown from summer solstice, and wheat is harvested to prevent hail. In July, topdressing and pollinating the vegetable garden. August is summer in beginning of autumn, so it is necessary to control pests and manage cotton. September is the autumn equinox, and wheat is planted in autumn with high yield. In October, the cold dew begins to frost, and in autumn, there is a fight. In the early winter 1 1 month, there is light snow, the grass is ready to cut vegetables and irrigated with frozen water. From solstice1February in the snowy winter, sum up the good experience of the whole year.

The west wind blows the feet of the rain. Northwest wind, unlock the sky. The west wind is quiet at night, and people are happy. Northwest of spring, bask in the quilt Head; It will clear up in the northwest in winter. Northwest wind, dry. The northwest wind cools down, followed by sunny days. Northwest wind in autumn and winter, clear sky in Wan Li every day. East wind, flooding; When the west wind blows, the flood will stop. Spring brings east wind and night rain. The east wind of the four seasons is the mother of rain. The northeast wind, the rain is too heavy. It's tight in the southeast, and it rains fast. It has been blowing in the southeast for a long time and will not dry for half a month. Southeast wind during the day, wet cloth at night. East wind is urgent, prepare hemp fiber. The east wind is urgent and the rain hits the wall. The east wind is tight, but the rain is steady. The east wind is urgent, and the five are more sad. The four monsoon is sunny in the east, afraid of the east wind. It is raining in the east wind, but it is too elegant. It rains from the east wind all year round, but I'm afraid the east wind won't rise much. In spring, the east wind keeps blowing, and in summer, the east wind cuts off the water source. It rains in the east wind in spring and sunny in the east wind for half a year in summer. Spring east wind, rain ancestors; In summer, the east wind is dry and loose. It doesn't rain in the east wind of R&F. There are easterly rains in three seasons of the year, especially in summer. There is no drought in the east wind in the four seasons, and the east wind is empty in June. Southeast wind, dry and dry. Southeast wind in spring and summer, regardless of the weather. The southeast wind is a rain station, and the northwest wind is a lock.

3 finishing research

Under the guidance of the teacher, we sorted out and studied agricultural proverbs, focusing on their sources, characteristics and functions.

Fourth, research results.

(A), the origin of agricultural proverbs

1, agricultural proverbs have been circulating for quite a long time and are recorded in many ancient books. For example, the well-known agricultural proverbs such as "Planting rice must be in June", "Wheat must be watered with buds, vegetables must be watered with flowers" and "Rice is as red as a warbler and only needs water" can be found in Shen Shi Agricultural Book in the late Ming Dynasty: "An inch of wheat is not afraid of water, and an inch of wheat is afraid of water" can be seen in the secret of the late Ming Dynasty; "Don't plant wheat without ash" and "Harvest wheat like putting out a fire" can be found in1Convenient Drawing at the beginning of the 6th century. Agricultural proverbs quoted in ancient books are often referred to as "proverbs cloud" or "ancients cloud", indicating that the agricultural proverbs cited originated earlier and when they existed may not always be found in the literature. At least as far as we know, some agricultural proverbs can be traced back to thousands of years ago. Because the origin of agricultural proverbs can be traced back continuously, we have reason to think that the origin of agricultural proverbs is consistent with the origin of agriculture. The origin of agriculture is much earlier than written records, so the origin of agricultural proverbs must be before there are words. If music, dance and ballads all originate from labor, then agricultural proverbs are indeed an important branch of agricultural labor that is different from ballads. With the development of agricultural production, agricultural proverbs gradually split from ballads. At the same time, agricultural proverbs, which belong to pure production experience, are constantly increasing and enriching, and become an important part of guiding production.

(B), the role of agricultural proverbs in production

Agricultural proverbs are the crystallization of the experience accumulated by working people in long-term production practice, which will certainly play a guiding role in agricultural production. For example, in feudal society, there were no equivalent instruments such as thermometers and hygrometers, so farmers used the growth of perennial trees as the basis for forecasting agricultural time. Because the growth of perennial trees reflected certain objective climatic conditions to a certain extent, the agricultural proverb "If you want to know five grains, look at five trees first" came into being. In guiding the sowing period, there are many proverbs reflecting phenology, such as "pear blossoms are white, soybeans are planted"; "Cinnamomum camphora leaves are pink and white bean seeds are good"; And "frogs croak and millet falls" and so on. More is to point out the suitable sowing date of various crops according to the 24 solar terms: for example, "the white dew is early, the cold dew is late, and the autumn equinox grass is just right"; "The Millennium is white, just planting buckwheat" and so on. With these agricultural proverbs, farmers can master timely sowing. In addition, such as "beginning of winter broad bean light snow wheat, you can't catch it all your life"; Proverbs such as "planting oil in October is not enough to make a wife's hair" are a summary of the lessons of failure, reminding people to seize the season and not to miss the farming season.

If the whole process of crop production is divided into several links, almost every link has certain agricultural proverbs. For example, from the sowing of rice, the selection of improved varieties includes "planting good rice and loving mother" and so on; Cultivating strong seedlings includes "planting rice for half a year" and so on; Transplanting techniques include "whether you can insert it or not, depending on your feet", "Early rice floats on the water, and late rice is waist high", and fertilization is "light in the middle and heavy at both ends". Field management includes "touching the roots in summer, a handful of mud and a handful of grain" and so on. Take rice as an example. We have about 0 agricultural proverbs in Zhejiang. Farmers have these agricultural proverbs, just as they now have technical guidance manuals, which have played a great guiding role.

(C), the characteristics of agricultural proverbs

Agricultural proverbs are about agricultural production. Agricultural production in a broad sense includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishing, and agriculture also includes crops, fruits and vegetables, sericulture and so on. These contents can be found in agricultural proverbs. Moreover, agricultural production is inseparable from soil, fertilizer, moisture, temperature and even seasonal, meteorological and climatic conditions, which occupy a lot of content in agricultural proverbs. Agricultural production depends on people, so there are still many contents in agricultural proverbs that cannot be separated from the relationship between people and management experience. Fei Jie's new collection of agricultural proverbs in China before liberation consists of five parts: seasons, meteorology, crops, breeding and proverbs. Although it is not ideal, we can see several characteristics of agricultural proverbs from this classification. We counted 5953 agricultural proverbs in this book. [1] There are 296 1 items belonging to seasonal departments, accounting for 40.45% of the total; Meteorological item 15, accounting for 26.22%, and crop item 1020, accounting for17.18%; Breeding site 25 1, accounting for 4.23%; Proverb 707, accounting for 1 1.9 1%. From the percentage of this distribution, we can see two points: first, meteorological and seasonal agricultural proverbs account for 2/3, reflecting the dependence of agricultural production and development on natural conditions. Timely sowing is a prerequisite for agricultural production. From slash-and-burn cultivation to modern machine farming, agricultural technology has changed greatly, and only timely sowing can not be changed at will. In order to correctly grasp the farming season, the working people have summed up rich experience and learned enough lessons for thousands of years, so the agricultural proverbs centered on seasons account for about 40%. Natural disasters such as drought, flood, wind and cold are even more formidable threats in feudal society with small-scale peasant economy, so agricultural proverbs that try to grasp the laws of natural disasters also account for 1/4.

Let's try to analyze the characteristics of agricultural proverbs, which can be summarized as three points and six points:

1, regional and universal. The regionality of agricultural proverbs actually reflects the regionality of agricultural production. For example, different crops in different regions, different sowing and harvesting seasons and so on. Zhejiang agricultural proverb: "wheat with yellow seeds and hemp, ephedra seeds and wheat", while Shaanxi agricultural proverb is "wheat with yellow seeds and mash with yellow seeds and wheat with yellow seeds", which is because crops vary from place to place. The agricultural proverbs in northern China, "Seven gold, eight silver, nine copper and ten iron" and "If you don't harvest farmland in autumn, you can't make up your mind in the coming year", reflect the winter leisure and one-year cropping system in the north, but not in the south. Zhejiang's agricultural proverb "Planting grass for three years, bad fields will become good fields" and "rotten winter rape and dry winter wheat" reflect that Zhejiang either grows green manure or big winter wheat. The biggest regional difference is the sowing date. The suitable time for planting wheat in North China is "early dew and late cold dew, and the autumnal equinox is just at that time", while in Zhejiang, "early cold dew and late beginning of winter, just before and after the first frost". For planting sesame and millet, North China is "full of sesame seeds" and Zhejiang is "full of sesame seeds".

However, in many agricultural proverbs, although different regions and conditions are different, they all have similar sayings. For example, the "dried flowers and wet pods, eight acres of stone" of soybeans are said all over the north and south; Zhejiang agricultural proverb "cutting wheat is like putting out a fire" is the same as North China agricultural proverb "harvesting wheat is like putting out a fire"; "An inch of wheat is not afraid of water, and a foot of wheat is afraid of water." Zhejiang, northern Jiangsu and other places also have the same agricultural proverbs: "It's not hot in June, and the grain will not bear fruit", "It's hard to buy a pot belly with money" ... and so on are all common agricultural proverbs. This is because they reflect the biological characteristics of crops.

2. Generality and scientificity. Generality and scientificity are the most important characteristics of agricultural proverbs. Because agricultural proverbs are handed down orally, they must be short, fluent and easy to remember. But its content is very rich, so it must be concise, profound and thought-provoking. Many agricultural proverbs seem simple and simple, but they actually contain profound scientific truth, which needs us to analyze and explain. For example, the agricultural proverb of planting green manure: "Good grass often dries." Generally speaking, grass likes wet soil, but it doesn't mean that it doesn't need air. Farmers especially pointed out that "it is often dry here." According to scientific research, the humidity of grass field soil is about 70%. Due to the decrease of groundwater level, the thickness of oxide layer increases and the thickness of reduction layer decreases, which can make roots and roots